Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sudden unexpected nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS) is a distinct clinical entity in previously healthy, young, Southeast Asian males. It is well known in the Philippines and more recently recognized in the U.S. by nonspecific autopsy findings, with no evidence of underlying disease and absence of toxic drug or alcohol levels. In 1973-89, 14 cases of apparent SUNDS came to coroner's autopsy in the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas (CNMI) and Guam. All 14 cases, with the exception of one Yapese, were previously healthy, male Filipinos, aged 23 to 55, who were either found dead in bed, or described by their colleagues as having nocturnal seizure activity consisting of gurgling, frothing, and tongue biting immediately prior to death. Autopsy findings showed no anatomic findings to account for death. Comprehensive serum and urine drug analyses were negative. All decedents showed absence of significant atherosclerosis or grossly detectable structural cardiac anomaly, while four showed cardiomegaly. Migrants from Southeast Asia carry with them a pre-disposition to this syndrome, which appears to decline with longer residence in the new country. The mechanism of death in SUNDS is believed to be ventricular fibrillation, possibly precipitated by sudden sympathetic discharge. Studies suggest at least some deaths may be associated with an abnormal cardiac conduction system. Acute pancreatitis has been a finding in some series, but not our cases. Why the condition is virtually limited to males and seemingly sleep-triggered, has not been adequately explained. Stress and depression are believed to be predisposing factors.
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PMID:Sudden unexpected nocturnal death syndrome in the Mariana Islands. 188 84

During manually performed exercise, ECG revealed silent myocardial ischemia-related ST segment depression in 62 patients with atherosclerosis obliterans in the lower limbs in the absence of evident signs of coronary abnormalities. The patients displayed decreased cardiac output, elevated total peripheral resistance, structural and functional alterations in the end blood flow system, and diminished exercise tolerance as compared to healthy subjects and atherosclerosis obliterans patients with negative loading tests. The aforementioned abnormalities were also revealed in subjects suffering from atherosclerosis obliterans in the lower limbs and documented coronary heart disease.
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PMID:[Clinico-functional characteristics of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities and painless myocardial ischemia]. 223 70

Diets currently used to produce atherosclerotic lesions in mice are often undefined and cause accumulation of fat in the liver and gallstone formation. Therefore, synthetic low and high fat diets of known composition were formulated in this study. A synthetic diet containing 50% sucrose, 15% cocoa butter, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate was found to produce a depression in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and an elevation of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the atherosclerosis-susceptible strain, C57BL/6J. This diet was able to consistently produce aortic lesions and led to a decrease in liver damage and gallstone formation. The synthetic low fat diet did not produce HDL-C levels as high as those found in mice fed chow, but resulted in similar VLDL/LDL-C levels. Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein parameters were compared in C57BL/6J and the atherosclerosis-resistant strain, C3H/HeJ, consuming the synthetic low fat or high fat diets. As reported earlier, when consuming a high fat diet C57BL/6J mice have significantly lower HDL-C and apoA-I levels than C3H/HeJ mice. Further analysis shows that the molar ratio of plasma HDL-C to apoA-I is significantly lower in C57BL/6J mice, suggesting that HDL in the susceptible strain has a lower cholesterol-carrying capacity. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that the HDL particle size is smaller for C57BL/6J mice than for C3H/HeJ. Both strains increased their apoE levels when fed the synthetic high fat diet, but C3H/HeJ mice had higher levels of apoE on both diets. The major response to consumption of the high fat diet for both strains was an increase in apoB-48 from 5 micrograms/ml on a low fat diet to 54 and 109 micrograms/ml for C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ, respectively. ApoB-100 showed minimal response to the high fat diet. The defined high fat diet can be used to study atherosclerosis in the mouse since it produces aortic lesions but reduces or eliminates other pathological changes such as gallstone formation and liver damage.
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PMID:Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. 238 Jun 34

The paper presents the results of examination of 149 patients with ischemic heart disease. All the patients underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring; selective coronary angiography according to M. Judkins was performed in 142 patients, 29 patients were subjected to a bicycle ergometric test adopted in the All-Union Cardiology Research Center, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In the patients with ischemic heart disease, features and rates for detecting the painless episodes of ST-segment depression from the data of 24-hour Holter monitoring. Painless episodes of ST-segment depression were revealed in 82% patients with sclerosing atherosclerosis of the coronary bed. These were most frequently found in patients with three diseased vessels in the coronary bed or impaired left coronary trunk. Painful episodes of ST-segment depression were more pronounced and prolonged in the majority of patients.
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PMID:[Value of 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring in the evaluation of painless episodes of ST segment depression in patients with ischemic heart disease]. 239 67

Constriction of atherosclerotic coronary segments during exercise may further reduce coronary flow reserve in patients with coronary artery disease. This could influence the linear regression analysis of the heart rate-related changes in ST-segment depression (ST/HR slope) thereby limiting the accuracy of this method in identifying the severity of the disease. To test this hypothesis, the exercise related ST/HR slopes on placebo were compared with those obtained during coronary vasodilation induced by a prostacyclin analogue (iloprost 6 ng kg-1 min-1) in 42 anginal patients with documented coronary artery disease. In seven of these, the same protocol was repeated during right heart catheterization. The overall diagnostic accuracy of the ST/HR slope on iloprost was better than on placebo in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. This was due mainly to a consistent rightward shift of the ST/HR slope in patients with one- and two-vessel, but not three-vessel disease or left main stem disease. The reason for the greater effects of iloprost on ST/HR slopes in patients with a lesser degree of atherosclerosis remains unclear. However, coronary blood flow was higher during drug infusion, which suggests that iloprost may prevent the occurrence of dynamic coronary events able to reduce the maximum coronary flow reserve during exertion. This mechanism may be predominant in patients with minor coronary artery disease.
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PMID:ST/HR slope during prostacyclin treatment: an improved method to identify patients with advanced coronary artery disease. 248 Feb 39

The effects of oral verapamil, 320 mg daily, propranolol, 120 to 160 mg daily, and placebo were compared in 16 patients presenting with transient myocardial ischemia without evidence of coronary atherosclerosis or vasospasm on angiography (syndrome X). Testing was done according to a randomized double-blind crossover placebo-controlled trial consisting of 3 consecutive 7-day treatment periods with verapamil or propranolol or placebo. Patients underwent continuous 48-hour electrocardiographic monitoring before therapy (run-in phase) and during the last 2 days of each treatment period. A total of 391 episodes of diagnostic (greater than or equal to 0.15 mV) ST depression was recorded during the trial. Of these, 23 were symptomatic. None of the episodes occurred while the patients were asleep, 25% during exercise, 35% during minimal physical activity and 40% at rest. Rest included activities demanding mental arousal (conversation, reading or watching television). Heart rate at the onset of ST depression was higher (greater than or equal to 10 beats/min) than that observed in the 5 minutes preceding ischemia in 95% of the episodes. In the group as a whole, the average number of ischemic episodes per 24 hours was significantly reduced during propranolol therapy compared with placebo (0.7 +/- 0.6 vs 3.9 +/- 1.8; p less than 0.0005). No significant differences were seen during verapamil treatment (3.4 +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 +/- 1.8). It is concluded that transient myocardial ischemia in syndrome X is mostly precipitated by an increase in oxygen consumption, presumably due to a heightened sympathetic activity. Accordingly, beta blockers may represent the first line of treatment.
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PMID:Comparison of verapamil versus propranolol therapy in syndrome X. 264 45

Twelve male M. fascicularis monkeys were divided into two groups of 6 animals each. One group (BASAL) was fed a diet containing 24% protein, 38% carbohydrate and 20% fat, while the other group (ATHER) received an identical diet with the addition of 4.08 g/kg diet cholesterol. The animals were studied over a 4-year period. Blood samples were regularly collected, ECGs taken and carotid artery status evaluated by duplex ultrasound scanning. Lipid xanthomas were monitored by visual inspection. The ATHER group experienced a rapid and sustained rise in serum total cholesterol, concomitant with depression of HDL-cholesterol. In general, triglycerides were significantly higher in ATHER animals. Routine clinical analysis revealed lower hematocrit and hemoglobin, and elevated BUN and alkaline phosphatase in the treated group. Lipid xanthomas were detected early in the ATHER animals, progressing until infiltration was evident on the entire body surface. There were no differences in ECGs between the groups. At approximately 17 months posttreatment, stenosis was apparent in the carotid arteries of treated animals, rising to an average of 90% at study termination. These results indicate that diet-induced carotid atherosclerosis can be monitored non-invasively in the primate with minimum risk to the animal.
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PMID:Clinical profile of a 4-year primate atherosclerosis model. 268 88

The authors studied in 64 patients with ischemic heart disease and 14 control persons the myocardial blood flow and its relationship with depolarization and repolarization indices and depression of the ST segment at threshold loads. The myocardial blood flow in IHD patients with stenosing atherosclerosis of two and three coronary arteries was reduced by 50% and the tolerance to physical load was low.
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PMID:[Myocardial blood flow and changes in the electrocardiogram during veloergometry in patients with ischemic heart disease]. 271 68

One of the leading causes of mortality in diabetics is myocardial disease. In the past few years this subject has generated a significant amount of interest with the result that myocardial problems associated with diabetes are far better understood. Though originally thought to occur as a result of atherosclerosis, various studies have shown that heart disease can occur in the absence of atherosclerosis, suggesting a diabetic cardiomyopathy. Using diabetic animals, it has been possible to characterize diabetes-induced myocardial abnormalities. Diabetic rat hearts do not respond to conditions of high stress as well as controls. The functional depression is accompanied by altered cardiac enzyme systems. A decrease in myosin ATPase activity which appears to be a result of diabetes-induced hypothyroidism is seen. Also, a depression of sarcoplasmic reticular calcium ATPase, along with a depression of calcium uptake by the SR, is seen in diabetic rat hearts. Na+, K+ ATPase activity has also been shown to be depressed and the depression appears to correlate with depressed atrial contractility. High levels of circulating fats in diabetics may alter the integrity of membranes leading to altered enzyme activities. Insulin treatment has been relatively successful at reversing or preventing myocardial changes in the diabetic rat. Other treatments that have been studied include thyroid hormone treatment, since the depression of myosin ATPase can be corrected by such treatment; and carnitine treatment, as the elevation of long chain acyl carnitines (LCAC) and the resulting depression of calcium uptake in the SR can be so normalized. These treatments have not been successful at normalizing cardiac function. A combination of the two treatments normalized function only partially, suggesting that factors besides myosin ATPase and SR calcium uptake are involved. Other treatments that have been tried include vanadate, methyl palmoxirate, and choline and methionine. Vanadate treatment has proved to be encouraging in that it normalizes both function and hyperglycemia. Methyl palmoxirate, a fatty acid analog, normalized only the elevation of LCAC but did not affect function. Methionine and choline were only partially successful in preventing the functional alterations of diabetic rat hearts. The purpose of the present article is to review our understanding of diabetes-induced myocardial problems and their possible causes. Findings from our laboratory and others are described in which attempts have been made to normalize cardiac function.
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PMID:Diabetes-induced abnormalities in the myocardium. 293 41

Two cases of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease) are reported. The two patients lacked a clinical history of hypertension, relevant pathogenetic factor in the development of the small and medium size cerebral arteries atherosclerosis, which is the main pathologic finding of the disease. The two subjects clinically showed a marked intellectual deterioration, together with mood depression and focal neurological signs, that were an expression of the multifocal neurologic involvement. In both cases CT scans evidentiated a mainly periventricular leucoencephalopathy associated, in the first patient, with small multiple ischemic lesions and, in the second, with a unique hypodense area in the centrum semiovale. A review of the literature on the subjects is proposed, together with an attempt of pathogenetic interpretation of our two cases.
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PMID:[2 cases of Binswanger's disease not associated with arterial hypertension: clinical-instrumental and neuropsychological evaluation]. 305 88


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