Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Asthmatic subjects using oral beta-adrenergic agents had significantly lower mean serum IgG levels than asthmatics not taking beta-adrenergic agents (984 vs. 1,195 mg/dl, p less than 0.025). Corticosteroid use had the same effect (920 vs. 1,195 mg/dl, p less than 0.005). Concomitant usage of both agents was associated with further depression of IgG levels. These were no differences between the serum levels of IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE and the complement components C3 and C4 associated with the use of either or both agents. These findings suggest that beta-adrenergic agents, used in pharmacologic doses, may have an effect on the immune system.
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PMID:Effect of beta-adrenergic agents on immunoglobulin G levels of asthmatic subjects. 612 50

Beta blockade is the cornerstone of the therapy for ischemic heart disease and is increasingly used as first-line therapy for hypertension. Three chief properties that distinguish among different beta blockers are cardioselectivity, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) and pharmacokinetic differences. Cardioselectivity appears to confer some advantages, although there is a potential and serious danger in giving any beta blocker to patients with asthma, heart failure or active peripheral disease. The degree of ISA in different beta blockers may vary. This property may diminish the degree of cardiac depression caused by beta blockade, influencing the response to exercise, but on the other hand, it may make the beta blocker less beneficial in minimizing the effects of myocardial ischemia. Beta blockers also differ in duration of action, vasodilating capacity and effect on renal blood flow. Several mechanisms may be involved in the antihypertensive effects of beta antagonists. In elderly hypertensive patients, beta blockade should be given cautiously, especially if combined with a diuretic, and pharmacokinetic differences in this age group must be considered.
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PMID:Basis for cardiovascular therapy with beta-blocking agents. 613 10

It is not surprising that calcium-channel blocking agents, which have numerous effects on various physiologic systems, have been employed for several "unapproved" uses. This manuscript reviews reports that have appeared within the last two years describing unapproved cardiovascular and noncardiovascular uses of the three available calcium-channel blocking agents. The cardiovascular uses discussed include hypertensive emergencies, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, aortic insufficiency, Raynaud's phenomenon, migraine headaches, antiplatelet effects and cardiac surgery. Areas of noncardiovascular use include muscular dystrophy, achalasia, esophageal spasm, dysmenorrhea, preterm labor, asthma, hyperuricemia, mania and depression and endocrinologic and oncologic conditions. While some of the data appear promising, other reports are conflicting and contradictory. Furthermore, because much of the information comes from poorly controlled trials or anecdotal reports, even the more promising uses must be studied further and compared with conventional therapy.
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PMID:Promising uses of calcium-channel blocking agents. 637 47

The physical and pharmacological properties of the structural isomers isoflurane and enflurane differ from each other and from those of other potent inhaled anaesthetics. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane (1.15%) is one-and-one-half times that for halothane (0.75%) and two-thirds that for enflurane (1.7%). The blood/gas partition coefficient (1.4) for isoflurane is lower than the coefficients for all other potent inhaled agents. Despite this lower blood solubility, induction of anaesthesia is slightly faster with halothane because of isoflurane's mild pungency. Enflurane depresses ventilation more than isoflurane, which in turn is slightly more depressant than halothane. All these agents dilate constricted bronchi, and thus are useful in the anaesthetic management of patients who have asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Isoflurane has the largest circulatory margin of safety of all potent halogenated agents; it produces the least myocardial depression at a given multiple of MAC. Isoflurane may increase heart rate, particularly in younger patients, and occasionally is associated with tachycardia. It decreases total peripheral resistance, thereby decreasing systemic arterial pressure. Although results from one study suggest that isoflurane may produce a "steal" or coronary blood flow in patients with coronary artery disease, results from other studies suggest that, even in the presence of coronary artery disease, coronary blood flow to all parts of the heart remains as adequate with isoflurane as with other anaesthetics. Greater concentrations of isoflurane (1.6 MAC) increase cerebral blood flow less than does halothane. Isoflurane does not produce convulsive activity, but can produce profound muscle relaxation. It enhances the action of tubocurarine or pancuronium, and (to a lesser extent) vecuronium or atracurium. The enhancement is comparable to that produced by enflurane. Less enhancement is produced by halothane or nitrous oxide-narcotic. Only 0.17% of isoflurane taken up in man appears as urinary metabolites. This resistance to biodegradation may explain the minimal or absent hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of isoflurane.
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PMID:The pharmacology of isoflurane. 639 30

The status of suppressor cells in patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma was studied. This latter group showed absent concanavalin A (ConA)-inducible suppressor cell function as measured by proliferative responses to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and decreased function as measured by responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or ConA. Patients with rhinitis showed values intermediate between normals and asthmatics. Similarly, preincubation in medium enhanced proliferative responses in normal and rhinitis patients but not in asthmatics, suggesting an absence of a short-lived suppressor cell population in the latter group. Suppressor cell function correlated negatively with log10 of serum IgE concentrations. Theophylline-sensitive suppressor cell numbers were slightly decreased in rhinitis patients and significantly so in asthmatics (p less than 0.01). In vitro preincubation of normal lymphocytes with aminophylline or isoproterenol (10 micrograms/ml) enhanced subsequent proliferative responses to PWM. Little enhancement was observed with cells from rhinitis patients, and actual depression was seen with cells from asthmatics, suggesting abnormal immunomodulatory effects of cyclic-AMP active drugs in this group of patients.
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PMID:Suppressor cell function in respiratory allergy. Modulation by aminophylline and isoproterenol. 645 83

Medical students and board-certified general internists were presented with two written clinical simulations and asked to list their initial diagnostic hypotheses. Bronchial asthma and respiratory infection were among the three most frequently listed causes of a sudden shortness of breath in a young male, while malignancy, depression, and thyrotoxicosis were among the six most frequently listed causes of fatigue and loss of weight in a young woman. Junior medical students in the preclinical phase of the curriculum responded with fewer and less specific initial diagnostic hypotheses than did the internists. The number and specificity of the hypotheses advanced by senior medical students, who had completed the medical clerkship, were similar to those of the internists. However, the senior students advanced a wider range of diagnostic possibilities, some of which are rare or virtually nonexistent in the age groups of the patients in the simulations. These findings identify two deficiencies in students' diagnostic problem-solving: (a) lack of familiarity with alternative diagnostic possibilities and (b) poor ability to consider diagnostic hypotheses in terms of probabilities.
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PMID:A comparison of initial diagnostic hypotheses of medical students and internists. 650 64

An integrated health and family planning program, operated by the University of Ife Teaching Hospital, was assessed to determine the impact of the integrated approach on family planning service utilization among the predominantly Yoruba residents of the city. In Nigeria, family planning services are generally delivered in clinics which have little or no connection with medical facilities, and service utilization is low. In 1979 the hospital decided to include family planning as part of the routine medical services provided at its 8 clinics located within a 25 kilometer radius of the hospital. Staff members at the clinics were trained in family planning. Trained female fieldworkers conducted motivational activities to encourage the women in the community to use the family planning services of the clinic. The program provided women with an opportunity to obtain contraceptives in a familiar setting and as part of their routine medical care. Neither parental nor spousal consent was required. Yoruba men tend to oppose family planning. Data for the study was obtained from the records of the program's 1495 new acceptors served by the program during its first 2 years of operation. 50.6% of the acceptors were 25-34 years of age, and another 31.7% were between 35-44 years of age. Very few teenagers utilized the services. 96% of the wome were married and they had an average of 4.4 living children. 56% were Catholic, 25% were Protestant, and 16% were Muslim. 37% were illiterate, and another 42.5% could barely read or write. Most were wives of government workers or service men. 88% had never used a modern contraceptive, and 94.5% were not using a method at the time of their first clinic visit. 68.4% of the acceptors were referred to the clinic by the fieldworkers or other health personnel. Only 11.2% sought the services on their own. 85% of the acceptors choose oral contraceptives (OCs), 13% had IUDs inserted, 0.3% were sterilized, and the remaining 2% chose other methods. The low sterilization rate probably reflected the fact that spousal consent was required for sterilization. Side effects reported by the OC users included asthma (9.6%), headaches (5.2%), phlebitis (3.5%), jaundice (1.7%), chest pain (1.5%), depression (1.5%), scanty menses (0.8%), and high blood pressure (0.4%). Among IUD users, 10.8% had intermenstrual bleeding, 18.4% reported pelvic pain, and another 6.8% reported a variety of other problems. 42.1% of the acceptors wanted no more children, and the remainder wanted to avoid the hardships associated with traditional methods of spacing. Correlation analysis revealed that the total number of living children was negatively related to maternal education and that women with sons wanted significantly fewer additional children than women with fewer or no sons. 51% of the acceptors were continuing contraceptive use at the time of the study. The study confirmed the feasibility of an integrated approach. The findings should be of use to government officials who want to improve service utilization in the national family planning program.
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PMID:Integrated family planning services: a Nigerian experience. 651 Mar 20

The aim of this work was to find out whether there is any relationship between the climate in Rosario City, Argentina, and the frequency of asthmatic crises, and whether it would be possible to use weather forecasts to support therapeutic measures. Synoptic and statistical metereological analyses, were used, and the following results achieved: The 721 crises of asthma developed in Rosario City between August 1, 1978 and July 31, 1979, demonstrated the well-known seasonal distribution of similar biological events: high frequencies in the Spring and Fall and low ones in the Summer and Winter. Important correlations were found with high altitude depression systems Hence, in the great majority of cases, the daily frequency of crises attained its maximum values when a depression system in the 500 mb. level was approximately between 60 degrees and 72 degrees W of G. and returned to minimum values when the mentioned system, in its general displacement towards the east, passed the meridian of Rosario City, whose geographic coordinates are: Lat. 32 degrees 55' S, Long. 60 degrees 47' W of G., at 27 meters above sea level. In short, we can say that, as occurs in other parts of the world, the asthmatic crises undergone by children in Rosario City are produced with much more frequency in circumstances of cyclonic atmospheric circulation. Although these situations, in the case of Rosario City, are determined by the dynamic processes in the higher levels of the troposphere. This is probably due to the role played by the Andres Mountain Range in the processes of atmospheric circulation in subtropical South America.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Correlations between asthmatic crisis and meteorological conditions in Rosario, Argentina]. 652 85

In an earlier study, 13 distinct patterns of depression were found among 132 asthma, tuberculosis, and pain patients. The subscales of scale 2 of the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) which were developed at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center were the basis for the classification via o-type cluster analysis. The present work projected these patterns to the standard three validity and ten clinical scales of the MMPI. In addition, Dirk's panic-fear and Kleiger's alexithymia scales were scored. It was demonstrated that these 13 patterns of depression had important personality correlates associated with them. A useful point of view to take in medical care of the chronically ill is also offered.
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PMID:Characteristics of depression of chronically ill medical patients. An elaboration of personality styles. 683 84

Topical anti-inflammatory ('intracutaneous vasoconstriction') and systemic glucocorticoid potencies (depression of plasma cortisol) were compared in human volunteers after administration of the glucocorticoids budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and prednisolone. After topical application budesonide was about twice as potent as BDP and more than 1 000 times more potent than prednisolone and hydrocortisone in inducing 'vasoconstriction'. After oral administration, on the other hand, budesonide was one half to one third as potent as BDP in depressing plasma cortisol. After inhalation budesonide was only half as potent as BDP. When inhaled budesonide was compared to oral prednisolone budesonide 1 600 micrograms and prednisolone 5 mg were shown to have the same effect on plasma cortisol. The improved ratio between the topical and the systemic glucocorticoid effect of budesonide, makes the drug a promising alternative for aerosol treatment in asthma.
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PMID:Topical and systemic glucocorticoid potencies of budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate and prednisolone in man. 695 96


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