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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The "Giessen-Test" is a psychological test in form of a questionnaire, basing on self-assessment. It was applied in 63 patients with bronchial asthma in order to get their "self-images" and their "ideal-self-images". Except of higher values for depression the "self-images" of the asthmatics resembled very closely those of normals. The ideals ("ideal-self-image") of the patients were uncharacteristic and reflected general trends. In contrast to these findings eleven physicians had a negative conception of asthmatic patients ("foreign image"). Physicians assessed the asthmatics to be disliked ("negative social resonant"), obstinate ("dominant") and depressive. Patients with exogen-allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma and asthma of unknown origin differ from each other only within a few marks. These differences, however, are not sufficient, to allow to coordinate a specific personality-structure with one of the different kinds of asthma.
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PMID:[Personality-structure in different kinds of bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. 76 1

The effect of disodium cromoglycate on dexamethasone metabolism was studied in 4 patients with bronchial asthma before and after 3 weeks of treatment. Labeled dexamethasome was injected intravenously and serial blood samples were collected during the next 6 hours. Transport kinetics of labeled dexamethasone were determined using a 2-compartment model. Baseline plasma equilibrated half-life values ranged from 133 to 258 min, and metabolic clearance rate ranged from 134 to 912 liter per day. After disodium cromoglycate therapy a small decrease in labeled dexamethasone clearance occurred. There was a mean increase in half-life of 20 min (9 per cent), being 201+/-51 (mean +/- SD) before therapy and 220+/-57 min after therapy. This was not significant. Metabolic clearance rate decreased 13 per cent (59 liter per day), being 441+/-334 liter per day before and 382+/-304 liter per day after treatment (P less than 0.05). Other transport kinetics of labeled dexamethasone were not significantly different with therapy. The results of this investigation demonstrate that disodium cromoglycate produces small but probably not significant changes in dexamethasone metabolism. The investigation supports the thesis that the steroid-sparing effect of disodium cromoglycate is not the result of depression of corticosteroid plasma clearance with longer duration of steroid action but most likely is the result of the effect of disodium cromoglycate on cellular mechanisms and inhibition of mediator release.
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PMID:The effects of disodium cromoglycate on dexamethasome metabolism. 82 23

It has been well known that the fasting therapy which was invented in Medical School of Tohoku University reveals an excellent effect upon various kinds of psychosomatic diseases, but its therapeutic mechanism and suitable indication are not yet explained completely. In order to corroborate these problems, this study was undertaken on 262 cases of psychosomatic diseases in the field of internal medicine. It is a complete fasting for 10 days with nothing by mouth except for drinking water, and 500 ml of parenteral fluid containing vitamins are administered intravenously every day. Absolute bed rest and self meditation are required in a closed individual room, and patients are not allowed to meet anyone but physicians and nurse in charge. The return to normal ordinary diet follows the order of fluid diet, soft diet and semiordinary diet during 5 days. In the period of the therapy, various clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out. Significance of these examinations consists in prediction of possible danger during the fasting period and elucidation of its therapeutic mechanism. Consequently, an outstanding efficacy rate of 87% with excellent prognosis was attained, and the following diseases were determined as suitable indication of this therapy; irritable colon, dysorexia nervosa, borderline hypertension, neurocirculatory asthenia, bronchial asthma, mild diabetes mellitus, obesity, lumbago without organic findings, conversion hysteria, various neurosis with somatic symptoms and masked depression. Possible mechanism of action of the therapy is that fasting acts as an extreme stress on the function of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems, then it regulates the function of whole body including the brain, also it acts as one of the behaviour therapy for abnormal conditioning.
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PMID:Fasting therapy for psychosomatic diseases with special reference to its indication and therapeutic mechanism. 96 29

This second paper on the reassociation of dreams confirms 1. the value of reassociating a key dream (The Beetle Bug Dream) and 2. the use of lysergic acid diethyl amide (LSD) as an adjunct to psychoanalytic therapy. The patient (Joyce) was a young mother whose very severe eczema and asthma were accompanied by an incapacitating depression. The following summary of the three interviews indicate briefly the psychodynamic materials developed which helped Joyce uncover her confused sexual identifications and fear of lesbianism. In Interview 96 the initial Beetle Bug Dream was studied cautiously. On analysis the tentacles of the Beetle Bugs symbolically represented the hands of a man mauling a girl's skin. A sexual approach by a man is considered an attack. "Bugs get under the skin. If Jack (my husband) touches my skin, that spot itches." A second Beetle Bug is described. The special aspect of this unique Bug is that it was not threatening. This Bug is discussed in terms of the transference: the silent analyst and a father who responded to her childhood travail by silence are compared. Reassociation of the Beetle Bug Dream without LSD took place one year later. The session (Interview 235) lasted about 45 minutes and the verbatim recording occupied 12 typewritten pages. Free association led to the realization that the patient was programmed in part to identify with her father--a silent, passive individual. It was apparent that a psychological struggle for femininity, induced by the confused identification led to a threat of penetration by the sting of the Beetle Bug and, where a man was involved, penetration by the penis. Interview 236 (three days later) was conducted under LSD 25. The Beetle Bug Dream again formed the basis of this interview, which lasted four hours and occupied 46 pages of typewritten, verbatim material. A new feeling of independence from maternal influence is felt. "It used to be if I just thought of her, I could start scratching." The relationship with her husband is complicated by "deep, dark secrets." She is afraid of her husband. Her mother emphasized she was "one" with her father. Contact with aggressive males during adolescence, as well as seductive episodes were disturbing. In camp she feared that she might be a lesbian. This fear persisted into adult life. The threat of the Beetle Bug sting is developed further. Hostile feelings toward the penis are revealed in detail, The part of the penis in the vagina could be chopped off--the penis was what the sting of the Beetle Bug would be if it penetrated the skin. The bridegroom attacks the bride. An unwanted pregnancy is equivalent to the broken sting remaining in the skin. These revelations led to insight regarding unusual violent anger toward her child during toilet training. The data support the view that publication of verbatim recordings are a necessary condition for establishing psychoanalytic procedures as a basic science of medicine and of the validity of psychodynamic theory...
J Asthma Res 1976 Jul
PMID:Reassociation of dreams. II. An LSD study of sexual conflicts in eczema and asthma. 101 Aug 10

The past decade has seen a shift in the strategy for hypertension treatment from stepped therapy--a highly structured monolithic series of steps--to recommendations for a more individualized selection of treatment. Severe hypertension is a clear indicator to bypass traditional steps. Demographic factors, such as age, gender, and race, are often cited, but have proved to be less helpful. Concomitant medical conditions and problems are very common and are more often the crucial determinants in the selection of antihypertensive therapy. Coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, azotemia, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary artery disease, anxiety, and depression are all common, and each has implications for the selection of antihypertensive therapy. Blood pressure reduction is a surrogate for reduction of cardiovascular risk, and therefore, consideration of concomitant medical problems has extended to left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, mild hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance, as additional risk factors in hypertension. Consideration of all these factors makes it possible to individualize antihypertensive therapy in most patients today.
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PMID:Treatment of hypertension: the place of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the nineties. 128 28

Inhalations using hypoxic mixture of 12-15% O2 were tested in 40 rats (daily for 20 min. during 1-4 months) and in 200 children with light and mid-serious forms of bronchial asthma (for 5-10 min. 2-4 times with 5 min. break, course-10 days). Stimulation effect in animals was observed for 1-2 months and then depression came. The immunological and allergological indices were observed to distinctly improve, whereas the indices of the pulmonary function remained practically unchanged. The clinical indices in most patients improved and the similarity of this method and effects of other nonmedicamental methods was noted.
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PMID:[Effects of hypoxic stimulation in experimental animals and in children with bronchial asthma]. 130 78

In severe bronchial asthma reversible electrocardiographic abnormalities are not rare. It is usually sinus tachycardia, right axis deviation, atrial enlargement and right bundle branch block. Transient ST-segment depression or elevation in inferior leads in severe acute asthma has been observed since long. Adrenergic stimulation, hyperventilation, hyperinflation and primary or secondary coronary insufficiency were as a causes. Severity of ECG signs correlated with the degree of airway obstruction. Our study was aimed at investigation of electrocardiographic abnormalities in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease and asthma and to assess the relationship of the extent of airway obstruction to the frequency of ECG changes. Correlation was found of ECG manifestation of sinus tachycardia, right ventricle hypertrophy. ventricular premature complex, right bundle branch block with the degree of airway obstruction.
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PMID:[Electrocardiographic changes in patients with airway obstruction]. 138 34

Asthma is the most common chronic illness of childhood. An increased prevalence of psychopathology has been shown repeatedly to occur in severely asthmatic children, but little evidence exists to suggest that this is true for children with mild asthma. A major problem in interpreting the psychological literature addressing asthma has been the absence of studies of children with specified subtypes of the disease and the analysis of heterogeneous samples including children with a wide range of ages and poorly defined disease characteristics. Depression and anxiety disorders occur at a greater prevalence in severely asthmatic children and may be exacerbated by antiasthmatic medications. Vocal cord dysfunction may be misdiagnosed as asthma and is suggested to be associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disturbance. The presence of depressive illness in very severe asthmatic patients is associated with greater asthma mortality and requires intervention. Treatment considerations include the need for a high level of suspicion for noncompliance in patients who are nonresponsive to antiasthmatic medications, judicious use of antidepressant medication, referral of children with co-occurring psychiatric symptoms for psychiatric assessment and management, and consideration of early intervention strategies to minimize the initial expression of asthmatic symptoms.
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PMID:Psychiatric complications of pediatric asthma. 141 62

We investigated the effect of a novel analgesic compound, flupirtine on the respiratory center in 8 healthy controls and patients with lung emphysema (n = 6), bronchial asthma (n = 7) and lung fibrosis (n = 5). All patients received a in a double blind, randomized fashion on three separate study days 100 mg and 200 mg flupirtine and placebo, respectively. Respiratory drive was estimated from measurements of CO2-rebreathing curves and mouth occlusion pressure at rest and during CO2-rebreathing performed before, 1.5 and 3 hours after medication. We were unable to detect any significant depression of respiratory drive neither in the controls nor in the patients and therefore suggest that flupirtine is a safe analgetic compound even in patients with severe obstructive and restrictive lung function impairment.
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PMID:[The effect of flupirtine on respiratory drive in healthy probands and patients with various lung diseases]. 147 68

Over the past decade we have seen a shift in the strategy for the treatment of hypertension, from stepped therapy--involving a highly structured, unvarying series of steps--to recommendations for more individualized treatment. How shall we accomplish that goal? Severe hypertension provides a clear indication to bypass earlier recommendations. Demographic data such as age, gender, and race, often cited, have proved less helpful. Concomitant medical problems, which are found in greater than 50% of hypertensive patients, are most often the crucial determinants in the selection of antihypertensive therapy. Concurrent coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, azotemia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, borderline cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, and depression are all common. Each has implications for antihypertensive therapy. Moreover, blood pressure reduction is a surrogate for our real goal, which is reduction of cardiovascular risk. Thus, consideration of concomitant medical problems has extended to left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance as additional risk factors in hypertension. Consideration of all of these factors makes it possible to individualize antihypertensive therapy in most patients.
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PMID:Evolution of the treatment of hypertension: what really matters in the 1990s? 151 35


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