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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A model for differentiating cerebral dysfunction in senile, arteriosclerotic dementia, and depressive states is proposed on the basis of electrocortical topographic measures of EEG coherence. Bipolar EEGs were recorded from central, parietal, occipital and temporal areas in 24 elderly patients with a firm clinical diagnosis of senile dementia, senile arteriosclerosis or depression. Power and coherence spectra were computed on 20 second epochs recorded during eyes open, eyes closed and photic stimulation. Significant group differences were reported in both power and coherence measures. Power results were uniform for all channels but coherence values differed significantly with derivation. The best discriminator between groups was EEG coherence estimates between right parietal and temporal derivation. Correlations between clinical symptomatology and EEG coherence supported the direction of the discrimination between groups. The EEG coherence function is discussed as a potential measure of neuro-functional pathology in psychiatry.
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PMID:The EEG and differential diagnosis in psychogeriatrics. 49 18

Fifty-three men with significant obliterative arteriosclerosis of coronary arteries were examined at rest, during and after pacing. Pacing induced both angina pectoris and depression of the ST segment in 38% of the patients; either angina pectoris or depression of ST segment, in 32% of the patients; the remaining 30% of patients were without symptoms or ECG signs of coronary insufficiency. Haemodynamic findings at rest, or during and after cessation of pacing were not different between these groups. Pacing increased heart rate, cardiac index remained unchanged, the stroke volume decreased, the left ventricular ejection time shortened. In both systemic and pulmonary arteries the systolic pressures decreased, the diastolic and mean pressures rose. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased. In 28 of the patients the myocardial metabolism was investigated. A close correlation was found between positive symptoms and ECG signs of myocardial ischaemia on the one hand, and metabolic signs on the other hand. Absence of angina pectoris and depressions of the ST segment during pacing does not exclude the presence of metabolic signs of ischaemia; an opposite finding is about three times less frequent. The study offers objective information about haemodynamics and myocardial metabolism before, during and after pacing, and represents an attempt of a simple classification of symptoms and signs of induced ischaemia.
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PMID:Haemodynamics and myocardial metabolism in patients with obliterative coronary arteriosclerosis and tachycardia induced by pacing. 100 Sep 81

One of the complications of coronary angiography is a sudden and persistant fall in blood pressure. This may be due to the presence of calcium chelating agents in the vehicle of the radio-opaque compounds. Depressed ambient calcium levels are associated with decreased myocardial contractility and when low enough cause electromechanical dissociation. Simultaneous measurements of radial artery and coronary sinus ionized calcium levels in nine patients during intracoronary injection of the contrast agent revealed a lowering of the level of ionized calcium in the coronary sinus to a point that can be expected to be associated with a decrease in myocardial contractility. This ionized calcium depression was more marked and prolonged in patients with arteriosclerosis, some reaching levels which, if persistent, could result in electromechanical dissociation.
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PMID:Blood calcium levels in the presence of arteriographic contrast material. 113 14

Serum levels of LH and prolactin were measured in repeatedly-bred, arteriosclerotic female rats. Serum LH was abnormally decreased on the afternoon of proestrus and estrus. The extent of the depression of circulating LH levels parallels the severity of the arteriosclerosis. Serum prolactin was significantly increased above normal at proestrus, and the degree of prolactin increase was also correlated with the degree of severity of arteriosclerosis. It is suggested that frequent and repeated pregnancies affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gonadal axis leading to hormonal and metabolic imbalance, which may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of the spontaneous arteriosclerosis which appears in repeatedly-bred rats.
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PMID:Changes in LH and prolactin in arteriosclerotic femal breeder rats. 114 28

A melancholic-schizophrenic mixed psychosis is described in a 64-year-old man. It was diagnosed as a 'rigid (or catatonic) involutional depression' (Medow, 1922), showing besides hypochondriacal, nihilistic and micromanic delusions, a transient delusional syndrome of 'Delirium metabolicum' (Mendel, 1902), with zo-anthropy. An attempt was made to avoid the differential diagnostic classification of that clinical picture into involutional melancholia (296.0) and paranoid psychosis of involutional age (197.1) which, as in so many psychoses of the older age groups, is quite inadequate. Thus the psychopathological phenomena of the psychosis, which after all are the only reliable data, were attributed on the one hand to the senile deterioration and slight but demonstrable arteriosclerosis of the brain, and on the other hand, to the conspicuous premorbid characteristics which correspond to an anankastic psychopathy with a depressive-inadequate basic mood. It was considered as likely that the Delirium metabolicum represented an exogenous (organic) psychotic syndrome, and that the precipitation of the psychosis as well as its development into an enfeebled endstate was due to an organic brain lesion, while the catatoniformpsychomotor phenomena and the melancholic stupor were crystalisations of traits in the premorbid personality.
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PMID:[Delirium metabolicum and rigid involutional depression in older age]. 120 91

Sixty-five cases of mental depression were treated with maprotiline (Ludiomil), including 46 cases of endogenous depression, 18 cases of neurotic depression and 1 case of depression in association with hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis. Ludiomil of 50-200 mg/d was given for 4 weeks and clinical pictures evaluated weekly. Clinical results showed complete recovery in 33 cases (50%), improvement in 22 cases (34%), fair in 7 cases (11%) and poor in 3 cases (5%). Dry mouth, constipation and faintness were the commonest side effects. Seizure occurred in 1 case and skin rash in 3 cases. The authors suggest that Ludiomil at a maximal dosage of 150 mg/d can be considered a relatively safe and effective antidepressant.
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PMID:Maprotiline (Ludiomil) treatment of mental depression--a clinical report of 65 cases. 259 36

To determine whether stimulation of macrophages with products related to, or released as a consequence of, infectious processes could play a role in inducing the formation of foam cells, we studied the metabolism of native and acetylated low density lipoprotein (LDL) by human macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), muramyl dipeptide (MDP), polyinosinic:polycytidilic acid (Poly I:Poly C) and gamma-interferon. Cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis by macrophages stimulated with LPS, MDP and Poly I:Poly C was markedly increased when the cells were incubated with native LDL (p less than 0.05). When incubated with acetylated LDL, LPS-stimulated macrophages showed a depression in CE synthesis (p less than 0.05). When incubated with acetyl-LDL, macrophages stimulated with Poly I:Poly C and gamma interferon showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in CE synthesis. The increase in CE synthesis by LPS-stimulated macrophages exposed to native LDL and by gamma-interferon-stimulated macrophages exposed to acetylated LDL was paralleled by an increase in cholesterol ester mass. The increase in CE synthesis and accumulation observed in LPS-stimulated macrophages incubated with native LDL seems to be due to an increase in the receptor mediated uptake of LDL. LPS inhibited and gamma-interferon activated the expression of the scavenger pathway in human macrophages. This may explain the changes observed in CE synthesis and accumulation when macrophages activated by the above stimuli were incubated with acetylated LDL. In conclusion, activation of human macrophages by some products released during, or as a consequence of, infectious processes led to an increase in CE synthesis and accumulation that may be relevant to the formation of "foam cells".
Arteriosclerosis
PMID:Low density lipoprotein metabolism in human macrophages stimulated with microbial or microbial-related products. 310 36

A review and a reappraisal are presented of earlier data on cerebral circulatory and metabolic studies in normal active elderly men (Group I) of mean age 71 years, compared with normal young subjects of mean age 21 years, conducted at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A., during 1956-1958. There was no significant difference in the mean CBF and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) values between the two populations; i.e., these important parameters did not fall with chronological aging per se. There was significant depression in the mean cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRG) value (by approximately 23%) in the aged compared with the young. Newer methods using positron emission tomography and appropriate isotopes have confirmed these findings in normal aging in human subjects and experimental animals. As expected, MABP and cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) were significantly elevated in the normal aged. MABP was even more elevated in elderly hypertensive subjects, and the CVR more elevated in the subjects with arteriosclerosis (Group II), who also showed a small but significant fall in CBF and in internal jugular venous PO2. The CBF showed a more pronounced fall in senile aged patients with chronic brain syndrome (Group III), in whom the CMRO2 also showed a marked drop (by approximately 22%); the CMRG fell still further (approximately 40% of that in the young). Of the few aged subjects followed up after a lapse of 11 years by a repeat estimation of the same physiological and psychological parameters and of the EEG, most showed clear worsening, together with a fall in overall physical and intellectual performance, probably related to a rise in CVR and an increase in atherosclerosis with aging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in normal human aging, pathological aging, and senile dementia. 397 14

Lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 139 men and 145 women who were noninsulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) aged 45 to 64 years. Of these, 27 men and 16 women had had a previous definite myocardial infarction (MI). The NIDDs with MI (MI+) showed lower values of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations than NIDDs without previous MI (MI-) or NIDDS without any symptoms or electrocardiographic signs of coronary heart disease (CHD-). The inverse relationship between HDL, HDL2, and CHD was evident in both sexes, but it was particularly strong among male NIDDs. The difference in HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations between the MI+ and MI- groups or between the MI+ and CHD- groups persisted after adjustment by analysis of covariance for the effect of physical activity, alcohol intake, obesity, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control. It is concluded that in a cross-sectional study, even among NIDDs with generally low HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations, the presence of CHD is associated with a further depression of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels. Prospective studies are needed, however, to confirm that the association is predictive and not a consequence of CHD.
Arteriosclerosis
PMID:Association of low HDL and HDL2 cholesterol with coronary heart disease in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. 407 98

After setting up a catalogue of complaints and signs for the most frequent disturbances of feeling tone of the patients suffering from cerebral arteriosclerosis, consisting of somatically subjective head pain and mental disturbances, treatment was given to 33 patients with cerebrovascular disturbances and 7 patients with similar, although non-vascular, disturbances (4 patients with presenile dementia, 3 patients with tinnitus in otosclerosis), the treatment consisting of eutergin 3 X 1 tablets to 3 X 2 tablets daily, the concomitant cardio-internistic medication remaining the same throughout the treatment course. The type and severity of the symptoms prevailing in each case were determined at the beginning, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks of the medication with eutergin. It was found that improvement of the somatic-subjective head pain was more pronounced than that of the mental disturbances. Generally speaking, the disturbing somatic or mental signs were those which could be influenced better than the others. As far as the head pain was concerned, the feeling of giddiness, congestion in the head, rapid exhaustion, above all, tinnitus, responded best to the medication (the improvement amounting to approximately 40%), whereas of the mental complaints, a feeling of being "lost" or "abandoned" and a morose mood were most amenable to improvement (degree of improvement approximately 30%). The prevention of the delirogenic effect of antidepressives in senile depression was a remarkable effect; this means that effective antidepressive medication is made possible with the help of eutergin, EEG controls did not reveal any significant effects. There were no side effects. Elevated blood pressure levels showed a tendency to become normal without any dramatic drops. Hence, eutergin is recommended in all kinds of chronic cerebrovascular lesions, provided it is associated with concomitant cardiac and internistic treatment.
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PMID:[Eutergin in the treatment of chronic cerebrovascular disturbance patterns (author's transl)]. 610 60


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