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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two-year recall and mother-child agreement with respect to a child's DSM-III lifetime diagnoses of major depression and anxiety disorder, based on K-SADS-E interviews with children, were assessed for a sample of 59 children, 6 to 16 years of age, at high and low risk for depression. The mothers had excellent recall and the children had good recall of a child's major depression. Both mothers and children had poor recall of a child's anxiety disorder. Mother-child agreement on major depression in children improved at the 2-year follow-up. A comparison of diagnoses based on mother and child reports with the psychiatrists' best estimate diagnoses of major depression suggested that children were more informative than mothers at the initial interview. The children were slightly less informative than the mothers at follow-up. These findings underscore the importance of multiple informants and longitudinal assessment in research on childhood psychiatric disorder.
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PMID:Longitudinal assessment of major depression and anxiety disorders in children. 200 62

Ninety-six children and adolescents with school refusal were evaluated with clinician and self-report rating scales for anxiety and depression. Patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for both anxiety and depressive disorders scored significantly higher than those in the other three diagnostic groups (anxiety disorder only, depressive disorder only, and no anxiety or depressive disorder) on all anxiety and depression rating scales. Patients with no anxiety or depressive disorders scored lowest on all scales. Patients with pure depression and pure anxiety disorders were psychometrically similar, with scores that were intermediate between the other two groups. Demographic profiles and types of comorbid anxiety diagnoses within the diagnostic groups are presented.
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PMID:Comorbidity and severity of anxiety and depressive disorders in a clinic sample. 200 63

To characterize the effects of trauma sustained more than 40 years ago, prevalence of psychiatric disorders and personality dimensions were examined in a sample of 62 former World War II POWs. The negative effects of their experiences are reflected in their multiple lifetime diagnoses and in their current personality profiles. Fifty percent met DSM-III posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria within 1 year of release; 18 (29%) continued to meet the criteria 40 years later at examination (chronic PTSD). A lifetime diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder was found for over half the entire sample; in 42% of those who never had PTSD, 38% of those with recovery from PTSD, and 94% of those with chronic PTSD. Ten percent of those without a PTSD diagnosis had experienced a depressive disorder, as had 23% of those with recovery from PTSD and 61% of the POWs with chronic PTSD. The combination of depressive and anxiety disorders also was frequent in the total sample (61%). Current MMPIs of three groups with psychiatric diagnosis were compared with those of POWs who had no diagnoses and with a group of Minnesota normal men. Profile elevations for the groups, from highest to lowest, were: POWs with chronic PTSD, POWs with recovery from PTSD, POWs with other psychiatric diagnoses, POWs with no disorders, and Minnesota normal men. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatic concerns combined with the personality styles of suppression and denial characterize the current adjustment of negatively affected POWs.
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PMID:Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and personality profiles of American World War II prisoners of war. 200 87

Patients who meet DSM-III-R criteria for a diagnosis of panic disorder often show a complex mixture of psychopathological symptoms, including panic attacks (spontaneous and situational), anxiety (anticipatory and generalized), phobias (fear and avoidance), depression/dysphoria, and social and occupational disability. Various theories about the pathogenesis of these symptoms have been advanced that focus on a given symptom (e.g., panic, phobia) being primary in these disorders, with concurrent symptoms seen as epiphenomena or as secondary and reactive to a core symptom. This study, conducted on a large sample of panic disorder patients (N = 1,168), examines the temporal sequential pattern of symptom improvement in these patients, and explores how these relationships relate to various pathogenic theories. Our multiple analyses, when considered together, tend not to support any pathogenic theory that views a given symptom as being central to the overall disorder; our findings have obvious implications for theoreticians and clinicians interested in the study and treatment of panic and anxiety disorders.
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PMID:The sequence of improvement of the symptoms encountered in patients with panic disorder. 177 83

The pathophysiology of anxiety has received much recent attention. EEG findings in anxiety are nonspecific, and some changes in psychophysiological measures have been reported. We recorded short-latency brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and long-latency auditory event-related potentials (AEPs) in 12 patients with generalized anxiety disorder. All 12 patients had BAEP latencies within clinical norms, but I-V interpeak latencies were significantly longer in patients with anxiety than controls. N1, N2, P2, and P3 AEP components were within normal limits; N1 and P2 were reduced in amplitude in anxiety patients, but differences from controls were not significant. The BAEP findings may suggest altered brain-stem function in anxiety, which has been implied by biochemical studies of anxiety and depression. AEP differences may be related to difficulties in concentration and attention direction reported by anxious patients.
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PMID:Auditory evoked potentials in anxiety disorder. 203 49

Fifty patients with UC and 50 matched controls with urolithiasis were interviewed with the SADS (lifetime version) and completed the SCL-90. According to information given during the SADS, there was a history of psychiatric disturbance in 11 UC patients (22%) and 8 controls (16%). At the time of the interview a psychiatric disturbance was present in 31 UC patients (62%) and four controls (8%), the most frequent diagnoses in the former being minor depression and generalised anxiety disorder. Patients with UC scored significantly higher than the controls on all the different SCL-90 subscales.
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PMID:Psychiatric diagnoses in ulcerative colitis. A controlled study. 203 41

Anxiety and depression often coexist in the clinical setting. Using panic disorder as an example, the author presents an overview of the prevalence, familial aspects, and long- and short-term outcomes of such comorbid disorders. Evidence regarding the diagnostic category of mixed anxiety-depression is also reviewed. On the basis of the limited available data, the author advances possible treatment strategies for treating patients with comorbid depression and anxiety disorders. Combined pharmacologic therapies may be indicated to optimize treatment for some patients. The review underscores the need for treatment studies in patients with depression and coexisting anxiety.
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PMID:Coexisting depression and anxiety: special diagnostic and treatment issues. 205 Jun 49

This study measured the self-esteem of 141 psychiatric out-patients with a variety of DSM-III-R diagnoses. The results showed that there were wide variations in the level of self-esteem between different diagnostic groups. The patients with depression had lower self-esteem than most of the other patient groups except those with personality disorders. The groups whose self-esteem was highest were those with anxiety disorders. Nonetheless, all patient groups scored more than normal populations in previous studies, suggesting that low self-esteem may be involved in a wide range of psychiatric conditions.
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PMID:Low self-esteem in different psychiatric conditions. 205 53

The present report describes the development of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire to measure the trait of worry. The 16-item instrument emerged from factor analysis of a large number of items and was found to possess high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. The questionnaire correlates predictably with several psychological measures reasonably related to worry, and does not correlate with other measures more remote to the construct. Responses to the questionnaire are not influenced by social desirability. The measure was found to significantly discriminate college samples (a) who met all, some, or none of the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder and (b) who met criteria for GAD vs posttraumatic stress disorder. Among 34 GAD-diagnosed clinical subjects, the worry questionnaire was found not to correlate with other measures of anxiety or depression, indicating that it is tapping an independent construct with severely anxious individuals, and coping desensitization plus cognitive therapy was found to produce significantly greater reductions in the measure than did a nondirective therapy condition.
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PMID:Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. 207 86

In a sample of ninety-nine patients seen two months post-stroke, 18 percent were diagnosed as having minor depression and 14 percent major depression. At follow-up, fifteen months later, the prevalence of depressive disorder had declined substantially, to 12 percent overall. Major depression was characterized by an average duration of thirty-nine weeks, a mortality rate of 23 percent and was associated with positive family history of affective or anxiety disorder. Among patients with left hemisphere lesions, major depression was associated with cognitive impairment. Minor depression had a shorter average duration (twelve weeks) and was more common in males. These two syndromes may define distinct types of post-stroke depression with implications for treatment interventions.
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PMID:Prevalence and course of depressive disorders in hospitalized stroke patients. 208 22


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