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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Asthma is the most common chronic illness of childhood. An increased prevalence of psychopathology has been shown repeatedly to occur in severely asthmatic children, but little evidence exists to suggest that this is true for children with mild asthma. A major problem in interpreting the psychological literature addressing asthma has been the absence of studies of children with specified subtypes of the disease and the analysis of heterogeneous samples including children with a wide range of ages and poorly defined disease characteristics. Depression and anxiety disorders occur at a greater prevalence in severely asthmatic children and may be exacerbated by antiasthmatic medications. Vocal cord dysfunction may be misdiagnosed as asthma and is suggested to be associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disturbance. The presence of depressive illness in very severe asthmatic patients is associated with greater asthma mortality and requires intervention. Treatment considerations include the need for a high level of suspicion for noncompliance in patients who are nonresponsive to antiasthmatic medications, judicious use of antidepressant medication, referral of children with co-occurring psychiatric symptoms for psychiatric assessment and management, and consideration of early intervention strategies to minimize the initial expression of asthmatic symptoms.
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PMID:Psychiatric complications of pediatric asthma. 141 62

Eighty-two women, presenting as normal-weight bulimics, obese binge eaters, social phobics, and individuals with panic disorder, were compared on anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. All were administered the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule-Revised and completed the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test, Drug Abuse Screening Test, and Self-Consciousness Scale. A striking proportion of eating disorder subjects were comorbid for one or more anxiety disorders, the most frequent diagnoses being generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia. The results suggest that the place of anxiety in bulimia nervosa goes beyond that discussed within the context of the anxiety reduction model. Conflicting comorbidity findings among this and prior investigations are noted, however, and discussed in terms of the issue of differential diagnosis between eating and anxiety disorders.
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PMID:Comparison of bulimics, obese binge eaters, social phobics, and individuals with panic disorder on comorbidity across DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. 143 Jun 7

As part of a military universal HIV screening program, 442 men were assessed for the presence of DSM-III-R defined psychiatric disorders and symptoms of anxiety and depression after notification of HIV seroconversion. Of them, 84.4% were in the earliest, asymptomatic stages of disease at the time of interview (96% did not have AIDS). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales were used. Relevant comparisons were made to Epidemiologic Catchment Area prevalence data. HIV seropositive men were more likely than age-matched men in the community to have current diagnoses of major depression (ages 18-44) and anxiety disorders (ages 25-44). Higher lifetime rates of major depression and alcohol use disorder, and high current prevalence of sexual dysfunction (21.7%) were noted. We conclude that men who become HIV seropositive have high rates of mood and substance use disorders prior to knowledge of seroconversion, and that early in the course of HIV infection men are at risk for developing major depression, anxiety disorders, and disorders of sexual desire.
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PMID:Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in early stages of HIV infection. 143 61

This report presents the results of a retrospective analysis of pooled efficacy data from eight studies in which buspirone was compared to placebo in 520 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In addition to evaluating overall efficacy in the composite patient data base, four criteria were used to identify subsets of patients with GAD who had coexisting depressive symptoms of at least moderate intensity: (1) a score of > or = 2 on the Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) Rating Scale item 6 (depressed mood), (2) a score of > or = 2 on the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) Rating Scale item 1 (depressed mood), (3) a HAM-D total score of > or = 18, or (4) a HAM-D Retardation Factor value (items 1, 7, 8, and 14) greater than the median for the group. Overall, patients treated with buspirone demonstrated significant (p < or = 0.001) improvement over baseline in total HAM-A scores compared to patients who received placebo. Buspirone also produced significant (p < or = 0.001) global improvement compared to placebo as assessed by the attending physician. Of the GAD patients stratified according to the four criteria for coexisting depressive symptoms, a substantial percentage (44-64%) of the total patient sample exhibited significant depressive symptoms as part of their anxiety disorder. Patients with GAD and coexisting depressive symptoms of at least moderate intensity exhibited significantly greater improvement with buspirone compared to placebo treatment regardless of the stratification criterion used. They also responded at least as well or better to buspirone therapy as did those with GAD who had less intense depressive symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Use of buspirone in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and coexisting depressive symptoms. A meta-analysis of eight randomized, controlled studies. 145 60

This study investigated sleep EEG during placebo and after cholinergic stimulation with RS 86 in 36 healthy subjects, 34 patients with major depression and 20 patients with anxiety disorders. Cholinergic stimulation with RS 86 led to a decrease of slow wave sleep and REM latency. RS 86 had a more profound impact on REM latency in patients with major depression than in healthy controls and patients with anxiety disorders. Six out of 36 healthy controls, three out of 20 patients with anxiety disorders and 24 of 34 patients with depression displayed sleep onset REM periods after cholinergic stimulation. Also effects on REM density and duration of the first REM period were more pronounced in major depression. Even in those patients with anxiety disorders and a secondary major depression no depression-like sleep abnormalities could be provoked. The results underline the usefulness of the cholinergic REM induction test to differentiate patients with major depression from those with other psychiatric disorders. The results can be interpreted as further evidence for the cholinergic-aminergic imbalance model of depression and for the reciprocal interaction model of nonREM-REM regulation.
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PMID:The sleep structure of patients with anxiety disorders in comparison to that of healthy controls and depressive patients under baseline conditions and after cholinergic stimulation. 146 Jan 68

While it is clear that males and females with eating disorders share more features in common than dissimilarities, males are distinctive in their past histories of obesity, sexual identity concerns, defensive dieting, and dieting in relationship to sports participation. All adolescents with an eating disorder are likely to be guarded in terms of disclosing items affecting their psychological state. Young men may be more so. In light of this fact, diagnosis of these disorders in adolescent male patients still depends on ruling out possible organic etiologies, thoroughly assessing the adolescent's mental status, and looking for underlying psychiatric symptoms. The association between mood disorders, namely depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder as well as other anxiety disorders is as strong in young males with eating disorders as with females. Assessment of developmental and nutritional status is key to the diagnosis and is helpful in monitoring recovery. Standards of monitoring other than weight are important and have been outlined. Lastly, family psychodynamics must be addressed in order to provide the eating-disordered young man with more control as well as more independence in order that he take more personal responsibility for a healthier lifestyle.
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PMID:The adolescent male with an eating disorder. 148 52

Data concerning 331 subjects participating in a longitudinal study on anxiety disorders were collected over the first 6 months of the study. Preliminary analyses of somatic treatment according to diagnoses and study site were conducted. The comorbidity of one anxiety disorder with other DSM-III-R diagnoses and other types of anxiety disorders was extensive. Patients with panic disorder received significantly more treatment with a benzodiazepine than patients without panic disorder. Fewer than five percent of the sample were treated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Comorbid depression increased the likelihood of treatment with a newer non-MAOI (non-monoamine oxidase inhibitor), nontricyclic antidepressant. Results suggest a strong effect of treatment site on the pharmacotherapy offered.
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PMID:Pharmacotherapy observed in a large prospective longitudinal study on anxiety disorders. 151 15

Ten patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and 10 patients with panic disorder (PD) were given the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The 2 groups were not found to be statistically different on any of the sub-scales. Elevated anxiety and depression scores were noted in both groups. Time since onset (TSO) of symptoms was found to be inversely correlated with MMPI scores so that patients with long duration of illness had better scores than those with a short duration of symptoms. These findings are discussed in light of possible factors affecting improvement in chronic anxiety disorders.
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PMID:MMPI profiles of patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: relationship to diagnosis and time since onset. 152 57

The purpose of this investigation is to determine if the high prevalence rates of major depression, panic disorder, and agoraphobia found in tertiary-care studies of irritable bowel syndrome and medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms are also found in the general population. Structured psychiatric interviews on 18,571 subjects from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study were reviewed for prevalence of gastrointestinal distress symptoms and selected psychiatric disorders. Medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms had a high prevalence in the general population (6-25%). When compared with those reporting no gastrointestinal symptoms, subjects who report at least one of these symptoms were significantly more likely to have also experienced lifetime episodes of major depression (7.5% vs 2.9%), panic disorder (2.5% vs 0.7%), or agoraphobia (10.0% vs 3.6%). Subjects with two gastrointestinal symptoms had even higher lifetime rates of depression (13.4%), panic (5.2%), or agoraphobia (17.8%). Lifetime rates of affective and anxiety disorders in the general population are higher in subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms compared with subjects without gastrointestinal symptoms. An even higher prevalence of affective and anxiety disorders is found in patients with medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms in tertiary-care clinics. Future studies are needed in primary-care populations where prevalence rates of psychiatric illness are probably intermediate between those of the general population and tertiary care.
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PMID:Comorbidity of gastrointestinal complaints, depression, and anxiety in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. 153 Nov 68

Twenty depressed patients with major depressive disorder, 20 nondepressed matched control subjects, and 17 patients with anxiety disorders were compared in different measures of social problem solving. Problem solving was assessed with the Means-Ends Problem-Solving Test (Study 1), the solution of personal problems, and a problem-solving questionnaire (Study 2). Results showed that, as predicted, depressed subjects suffered from a deficit in problem solving in all three measures. The majority of these deficits were also displayed by the clinical control group rather than being specific to a diagnosis of depression. However, depressed subjects produced less effective solutions than did normal and clinical control subjects. The results suggest that depressed and anxious patients may have difficulties at different stages of the problem-solving process.
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PMID:Depression and social problem solving. 153 77


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