Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The personality traits defined by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and sleep data were analyzed in 45 young subjects with poor quality of sleep. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group 1 had no T score greater than or equal to 70, Group 2 had one or more single T scores greater than or equal to 70, and Group 3 had T scores greater than or equal to 70 in one or more specific groups of scales. The first 2 nights of sleep were polygraphically recorded. Subjects in Group 1 were considered to be normal, those in Group 2 were characterized by depression and anxiety, and those in Group 3 had psychopathic personality traits and somatic disorders. Differences in sleep data were noted among groups. The severity of the sleep disorders was related to the degree of the psychological problems.
 ...
PMID:Psychological profile and sleep organization in young subjects with poor quality of sleep. 322 97

The blind test-retest reliability of lifetime prevalence and age of onset of psychiatric diagnoses, based on the SADS-L interview and RDC over a three-to-five year period, was examined in 143 probands and their relatives. Reliability of lifetime prevalence of major depression was excellent; reliability of antisocial personality, panic disorder, drug abuse, GAD, depressive personality, and alcoholism was good; reliability of obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobia was acceptable but lower. The reliability of hyperthymia or cyclothymia was not acceptable. Reliability for major depression did not vary substantially by age or sex of the informant, but recall of major depression was significantly higher in the probands than in their relatives. The test-retest reliability for the age of onset of major depression and panic disorder was excellent, and for phobia, GAD and alcoholism, was acceptable. Both probands and relatives recalled the age of onset of their depression fairly accurately. However, there was a reduction in agreement over time. Recall after 3-4 yr was better than 5-6 yr. There was a tendency for older respondents to systematically increase the age of onset of their depression across the two interviews, although the increase was only a few years. Recall of age of onset did not differ significantly by sex of respondent or whether the respondent was a proband or relative. These findings are discussed in light of several available studies of reliability of lifetime prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses.
 ...
PMID:Lifetime prevalence and age of onset of psychiatric disorders: recall 4 years later. 326 42

Alcoholic men (N = 241) were administered a criterion-referenced, structured, DSM-III compatible, diagnostic interview while hospitalized and again 1 year later as outpatients. This interview independently evaluates the lifetime prevalence of 15 major psychiatric disorders. In addition to alcoholism, the most frequently occurring coexisting disorders were depression, antisocial personality and drug abuse. After 1 year, the number of positive syndromes declined slightly (chi = 2.0 to 1.8). However, the absolute and relative number of additional psychiatric syndromes remained stable over 1 year for the entire sample. Across individuals, the overall rates of agreement for the 15 syndromes ranged from a high of 100% to a low of 85%. Similarly, the agreement for the current and lifetime diagnoses ranged from 86 to 99%. These data indicate that a substantial portion of male alcoholics experience symptoms that are common to other psychiatric disorders. They also suggest that the endorsement of multiple psychiatric symptoms is not due simply to the acute emotional and physical distress that often accompanies a recent hospitalization for alcoholism treatment. Instead, for many male alcoholics, the symptom patterns appear to reflect additional psychiatric disorders that are stable over time and a potential target of treatment.
 ...
PMID:The stability of coexisting psychiatric syndromes in alcoholic men after one year. 277 54

This study investigated relationships among antisocial personality (ASP) disorder, a childhood history of aggressive behavior and violent behavior in a sample of 77 hospitalized alcoholics. Patients classified according to childhood aggression (high, low) and ASP (present, absent) were compared using self-report measures of anger, aggression, depression, well-being and sociability. Items measuring these variables were rated in terms of the patients' typical behavior while drinking and while sober. Alcoholics reported more anger and aggression when drinking than when sober and this effect was greatest among individuals with a history of childhood aggression. ASP accounted for negligible amounts of the variance when the effects of childhood aggression were considered independently. Results indicate that both alcohol consumption and childhood antecedents contribute to the manifestation of violent behavior by alcoholics.
 ...
PMID:Alcoholics, aggression and antisocial personality. 337 34

The relationship between personality traits and late-life depression is not well established. The Personality Disorder Examination (PDE), a recently developed structured interview for diagnosing DSM-III-R* personality disorders, has provided a methodological advance for studies in this area. The PDE was administered to 36 cognitively intact elderly individuals. The sample consisted of 21 patients who had recovered from depression and 15 normal volunteers. Two of the patients met DSM-III-R criteria for personality disorder according to the PDE. The patient group received higher scores on PDE items related to each personality diagnosis (P less than .01) except antisocial personality disorder. These preliminary data suggest that elderly patients with a history of major depression have more lifetime personality dysfunction than normal elderly individuals, although no specific pattern could be identified.
 ...
PMID:Geriatric depression and DSM-III-R personality disorder criteria. 357 87

Differential vulnerabilities to acquire specific types of psychiatric disorders exist for males and females. Alcoholism, antisocial personality and completed suicide predominate in males, while depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and attempted suicide are more common in females. In this paper evidence is explored to support developmental linkages between these disorders in adults and disorders in childhood and adolescence. The findings of this review support the assumption that various disorders of children showing sex differences in prevalence rates are precursors of adult disorders with a similar sex ratio. Longitudinal studies of personality development also provide data supporting the idea that sex-related behavioral predispositions originating early in life may contribute to differences in prevalence rates at subsequent points in the life cycle. Biological and social mechanisms that help explain the nature of these vulnerabilities are explored in some detail. The biological mechanisms considered relate to the pre- and postnatal effects of androgens on the brain and hormonal mechanisms associated with sex chromosomal aberrations. The social factors considered include differences in the rearing of male and female infants, and variations in life-style. Research directions to further explore sex differences in psychiatric disorders are suggested. Such studies are important because they may lead to a better understanding of genetic-brain-behavioral relationships. Secular trends in sex-related socialization practices may also explain why changes in the incidence and age of onset of some types of psychiatric disorder are occurring.
 ...
PMID:Sex differences in psychiatric disorders: origins and developmental influences. 360 29

The dual diagnoses of alcoholism and antisocial personality are frequently associated with suicide attempts. A group of 94 alcoholics with antisocial personality were divided on the basis of a previous suicide attempt. A variety of symptoms, including depression, alcohol and drug abuse, conduct disorder, and violence were found more frequently in the suicide attempter group as reported on the structured interview. These emotional problems were additionally found to have an earlier onset. The results were consistent with the concept of secondary sociopathy and indicated that higher psychopathology may be associated with suicide behavior.
 ...
PMID:Suicide attempts in antisocial alcoholics. 365 71

Although clinicians generally agree that patients with antisocial personality disorder should not be treated on general psychiatry units, little is known about the response to hospital treatment of personality disorder patients who have antisocial features or traits. In a study to identify predictors of positive and negative response to hospitalization, charts of all patients discharged from a private hospital with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder or antisocial features over 52 months were reviewed. As a group the 33 patients did not respond well to treatment, and 70 percent left treatment prematurely. Significant predictors of negative response were histories of felony arrest and conviction; a history of repeated lying, aliases, and conning; and an unresolved legal situation at admission. Positive response was related to the presence of anxiety and an axis I diagnosis of depression. The authors believe that antisocial personality disorder is often underdiagnosed and that countertransference can present a significant obstacle to treatment of antisocial patients.
 ...
PMID:Predictors of response of antisocial patients to hospital treatment. 366 13

The relationship between family violence and psychiatric disorders was examined using standardized diagnostic interviews of 1200 randomly selected residents of a large Canadian city. The results showed that higher than expected proportions of those exhibiting violent behavior had a psychiatric diagnosis and the rate of violent behaviors in those with diagnoses (54.4%) significantly (p less than .0001) exceeds the rate in the remainder of the sample (15.5%). Particularly high rates of violence are found in those where alcoholism is combined with antisocial personality disorder and/or recurrent depression (80-93%). Also at high risk for violence are those who have made suicide attempts (over 50%) and those who have been arrested for non-traffic offences (two-thirds). These data suggest that psychiatric disorders have a strong relationship to violent behavior, and are not in agreement with the predominantly sociological explanations of family violence.
 ...
PMID:Family violence and psychiatric disorder. 369 4

Major depression and antisocial personality are two diagnoses often associated with alcoholism. The relationship of these two diagnoses to the course of alcoholism and on the motivation for alcohol use was examined in a sample of 321 persons receiving inpatient treatment for alcoholism. Major depression did not alter the course of alcoholism in either men or women. However, patients with a history of major depression more frequently reported drinking to relieve symptoms related to depression than patients without a history of major depression. Patients with antisocial personality had an earlier onset of alcohol-related problems than patients without antisocial personality. The motivational patterns for drinking did not distinguish patients with antisocial personality from patients without antisocial personality. These findings indicate the etiological logical importance of antisocial personality for the development of alcoholism and highlight the patients' perception of depression as an explanation for their drinking.
 ...
PMID:Effect of major depression and antisocial personality on alcoholism: course and motivational patterns. 372 55


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>