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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Initiation ceremonials in traditional Papua New Guinea and North American Indian cultures serve important psychohygienic functions in establishing the youth's final identity and thereby warding off the frustration, anxiety, and depression which are associated with anomie and role confusion. Inititations in Papua New Guinea are presented as a process of social learning in which group consciousness and loyalty are established through revelation of ancestral secrets, testing by ordeals, and ego-stregthening rewards. Structually patterned archetypal collective symbols gain direct access to the young person's unconscious when skillfully transmitted in the initiatory psychodrama of death and rebirth. Medical complications occuring during initiation procedures are rare accidents which have to be weighed against the psychological and social benefits for individual and group. Initiation ceremonials help the young to achieve a sense of sexual and socio-cultural identity from which feelings of emotional security and social belonging are derived.
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PMID:Initiation in Papua New Guinea: psychohygienic and ethnopsychiatric aspects. 29 Dec 35

Previous work on the media and suicide has neglected the mood of the audience in its models. The present study tests the thesis from symbolic interaction theory that the degree of media influence is contingent on audience receptivity. Audience receptivity to suicide stories is assumed to be high in the Great Depression given widespread unemployment, a condition thought to promote suicidogenic mood such as anomie. A taxonomy of stories is developed using classic imitation, social learning, and differential identification theories. Analysis of monthly data on suicide and publicized stories finds, however, little supporting evidence. Only stories concerning political leaders were associated with suicide. Stories concerning other categories of victims, such as villains, entertainers, and foreigners, were not associated with suicide. Possibly the potential impact was offset by other factors such as the absence of television to echo for the messages carried by the newspapers and radio and heightened political integration.
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PMID:The effect of the media on suicide: the Great Depression. 162 36

A longitudinal study between 1980 and 1988 of school leavers entering adulthood examined suicidal ideation 4 and 8 years after an initial battery of psychological tests. The report of suicidal ideation during their lives was significantly associated with measures of depression, self-esteem and locus of control 8 years previously. It was also associated with those measures as well as anomie, hopelessness and scores on the General Health Questionnaire 4 years previously. These associations were not as strong for subjects whose suicidal ideation had been present in the most recent 6 months, or for those who acknowledged having attempted suicide. No fewer than 40% of subjects who acknowledged suicidal ideation when examined in 1984 denied ever having had suicidal ideation during their lives when re-examined in 1988. This raises doubts about the validity of such studies. Although these findings provide data that confirm the enduring nature of suicidal ideation and its continuing morbidity, they do not give confidence that any screening of schoolchildren could actually predict those who will attempt suicide. Such studies cannot replace full clinical assessment of individual suicidal subjects.
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PMID:Suicidal ideation: its enduring nature and associated morbidity. 201 8

The author of this paper demonstrates that the sociological concept of anomie has undergone important transformations when applied in psychiatric research. It is argued that these transformations are not fully in concordance with the original theories of anomie as they were set forth by Durkheim and Merton. Two approaches in social and cross-cultural psychiatry are examined in this context. First, the concept of anomia as introduced and applied in the research of Leo Srole is discussed. Second, attention is paid to the concept of anomic depression as it was introduced by Wolfgang Jilek in his research among the Coast Salish Indians.
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PMID:From anomie to anomia and anomic depression: a sociological critique on the use of anomie in psychiatric research. 279 12

A review of the literature has been made on the diagnostic, management and administrative procedures adopted by military psychiatrists during the Vietnam conflict. Initial reports of low rates of psychiatric attrition probably concealed much combat-related psychopathology by labelling these problems as administrative disciplinary infractions. In the later stages of the war, explosive outbreaks of substance, particularly heroin, abuse were noted as well as reports of serious violence directed towards superior officers and Vietnamese civilians. Successful coping styles adopted by the troops against combat stress, culture shock and anomie have also been described as have their stratagems for managing a return to a politically divided community. Studies on returned veterans point to ongoing psychopathology in the areas of post traumatic stress disorder and depression in proportion to the severity of the combat to which they were exposed. Increased rates of violence and alcoholism have yet to be demonstrated. The therapy of veterans with adjustment problems and post-combat psychiatric disorders has also been reviewed.
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PMID:The Vietnam veteran ten years on. 696 Aug 83

A cancer diagnosis is universally regarded as a traumatic event. Many equate it with a 'sentence of death'. But an increasing number of cancer patients are being cured. An exploratory study involving intensive interviews with recovered cancer patients indicated that the positive experience of being cured is often mixed with negative elements, including: (1) the withdrawal of the intensified social support which accompanied the diagnosis and early treatment; (2) ambivalence about the discontinuation of treatment; (3) anxiety about recurrence of the disease; (4) adjustment to permanent disabilities resulting from the disease or its treatment; (5) the need to resume life-oriented modes of thought after a successful adjustment to the ideal of death; (6) anger at perceived inadequacies in the handling of treatment; and (7) confusion about feelings of depression when the objective situation has improved. Durkheim's concept of anomie originally referred to a societal condition engendered by either positive or negative change. Srole and others adopted the term 'anomia' to refer to the social-psychological correlate of this condition, i.e. anomie as experienced by the individual. The present research suggests that the concept of anomia, and specifically, the anomia of good fortune, may be useful in studying the rehabilitation of cancer patients.
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PMID:Anomic aspects of recovery from cancer. 710 Oct 6

The importance of depression as a psychopathologic syndrome in the elderly is stressed by the estimate that about 30 percent of persons over the age of 65 may be expected to experience an episode of depression severe enough to interfere with daily functioning. Depression is the chief cause of psychiatric hospitalization among the elderly, and it bears great potential for death through inanition or suicide. Loss of mastery (ability to cope) and the onset of helplessness are frequent dynamic issues in the development of depression or behavioral problems in the elderly. Geriatric stereotypes contribute directly to helplessness by reinforcing such behavior. Stereotypes also minimize the chance of appropriate response outcomes relative to needs. Rolelessness, a partial result of stereotyping, leads to anomie, alienation, and lowered self-esteem. These issues are discussed and points of interaction among them are examined. The relevance to psychotherapy with older persons is outlined.
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PMID:The depressed patient: social antecedents of psychopathologic changes in the elderly. 745 87

English-Canadian high school students (129 boys, 117 girls) participated in a study of the relationship between suicidal ideation and selected personal variables, stress, and social support. Associations were found between suicidal ideation and the variables of gender, self-esteem, locus of control, depression, drug use, stress, perception of health, family status, academic performance, social support, and anomie. Multiple regression analysis identified depression and alcohol use as best individual predictors among these variables. Semi-partial correlation analyses showed that removal of the effect of depression resulted in a loss of initially significant relationships between suicidal ideation and the other variables except for alcohol use, drug use, and health satisfaction.
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PMID:Suicidal ideation in high school students: depression and other correlates. 779 39

Many of today's unemployed are middle managers or midcareer professionals who lost their jobs through no fault of their own. This study examined psychological effects of unemployment on 178 professionals using an adaptation of Kaufman's adjustment to unemployment scale. Analysis indicated two factors, negative affect (which includes anxiety, burden, irritation, resentment, and anomie; alpha = .69) and general affect (self-esteem, depression, and life satisfaction; alpha = .73). Implications for the study of unemployed professionals are discussed.
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PMID:Dimensionality of a scale of adjustment to unemployment. 887 83

Based on 50 in-depth interviews, this article considers how caregivers to a spouse, parent, child, or sibling suffering from depression, manic-depression, or schizophrenia manage their emotions overtime. By considering the turning points in the joint career of caregivers and ill family members, our analysis moves beyond studies that link emotions to particular incidences, momentary encounters, or discreet events. Four interpretive junctures in the caregiver-patient relationship are identified. Before diagnosis, respondents experience emotional anomie. Diagnosis provides a medical frame that provokes feelings of hope, compassion, and sympathy. Realization that mental illness may be a permanent condition ushers in the more negative emotions of anger and resentment. Caregivers' eventual recognition that they cannot control their family member's illness allows them to decrease involvement without guilt. The article concludes with a call for research that understands that emotions in groups, settings, or organizations are linked to their distinctive histories.
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PMID:Mental illness, caregiving, and emotion management. 1072 53


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