Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Chronic Illness Problem Inventory (CIPI) was used to assess level of psychosocial functioning in 89 patients with sickle cell disease. The results indicated that sickle cell patients have significant psychosocial distress in the areas of employment and finances, sleeping and eating, and performance of normal daily activities. Fear and anxiety regarding body deterioration, and lack of assertiveness in social relationships were also found. These findings suggest that depression may be a common problem among sickle cell patients. Treatment alternatives that address these areas are reviewed.
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PMID:Assessment of psychosocial functioning of patients with sickle cell disease. 337 80

Zinc deficiency is associated with depression of a number of immune responses. To assess the relationship of zinc and natural killer activity, we studied natural killer activity in adults with sickle cell disease and in two normal volunteers rendered zinc deficient by dietary restriction. Natural killer activity was significantly lower in patients with sickle cell disease and zinc deficiency (5.1 +/- 2.9 lytic units per 10(6) cells) than in controls (11.7 +/- 5.0 lytic units per 10(6) cells). In the two volunteers, natural killer activity declined during zinc restriction and returned to near initial levels with zinc repletion. These results suggest that zinc deficiency is associated with a lowering of natural killer activity.
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PMID:Decreased natural killer cell activity in patients with zinc deficiency with sickle cell disease. 396 62

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been studied by the xenon-133 (133Xe) inhalation method in 16 children with suspected sickle cell cerebrovascular disease. Abnormalities consisting of decreases in total, hemispheral, or regional CBF were found in 17 of 26 studies. Eleven studies performed immediately after stroke, transient ischemic attack, or depression of state of alertness showed abnormalities. In addition to confirming regional cerebrovascular insufficiency in children with stroke due to major cerebral artery occlusion, the method detected diffuse decrease in CBF in children with stupor, coma, and seizures who had normal angiographic findings. In contrast, six of seven studies obtained after exchange transfusion or during maintenance on hypertransfusion therapy showed normal findings. The difference between results in patients with acute neurologic disturbances and those receiving transfusion therapy was statistically significant (P less than .005). The data indicate that the 133Xe method reliably demonstrates cerebrovascular impairment in sickle cell disease. They also suggest that CBF changes in patients with sickle cell disease can be reversed by exchange transfusion and by hypertransfusion therapy. The 133Xe CBF method may be useful for following up children with sickle cell disease who are at high risk for recurrent stroke.
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PMID:Cerebral blood flow in sickle cell cerebrovascular disease. 671 16

Samples of bone marrow from 33 Ghanaian children with homozygous sickle cell anaemia who presented with profound anaemia (haemoglobin less than 5 g/dl) were studied. The principal finding was depression of erythropoiesis (aplastic crisis) in 14 children and erythroid hyperplasia in 17. A splenic sequestration crisis was clinically diagnosed in the remaining two children. Stainable iron was absent in the marrow of 14 children and reduced in another five. Megaloblastic changes compatible with folate deficiency were present in 8 children. It is suggested that iron and folate deficiencies may complicate sickle cell anaemia in children living in geographical areas where nutritional deficiencies are prevalent.
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PMID:Bone marrow in sickle cell anaemia at time of anaemic crisis. 674 77

Very few reports of depression occurring with sickle cell anemia have been documented. We have reported three cases of depression in patients with sickle cell anemia that were referred over a relatively brief period, and that were successfully treated with antidepressant medication and family therapy. We examined possible mechanisms of depression, and concluded that depression may accompany sickle cell anemia more commonly than previously suspected.
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PMID:Depression and sickle cell anemia. 724 64

The risk of adjustment problems increases when a child has a serious life-threatening illness. This article estimates the frequency of adjustment problems across multiple domains for children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Parents provided information on the social, emotional, academic, and family adjustment of 327 children with SCA who were being treated at a comprehensive sickle cell clinic serving a predominantly poor and urban population. More than 25 percent of these children had emotional adjustment problems in the form of internalizing symptoms such as anxiety and depression. In addition, at least one child in five had problems related to social functioning and academic performance. These impairments were related significantly to the frequency of serious pain episodes but not to absolute family income. No significant differences in the data were found based on family income. The data also showed that the disruptive effects of the illness were related to gender and age.
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PMID:Estimating rates of psychosocial problems in urban and poor children with sickle cell anemia. 804 44

Analysis of available radiographs of the skeletal system in 50 patients suffering from sickle cell anaemia in the Assir Region (South Western height and valley) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia taken over a three year period showed a wide spectrum of bone changes. Both infarctions and medullary hyperplasia were common, producing the usual previously reported changes. Spinal changes, mostly osteoporosis and vertebral end plate depression were more prominent in the younger age group. Avascular necrosis of femoral head was common and occurred earlier than in previous reports in the literature. Humeral head and radial head necrosis were also recorded. The overall findings agree with recent reports from both the Eastern and Western regions of the Kingdom that bone changes in SCA are common and could be more severe than in other countries. Complications such as osteomyelitis and fractures were not common.
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PMID:Bone changes in sickle cell anaemia. 826 42

After the development of monophasic combined oral contraceptives (COCs), containing a fixed dose of estrogen and progestogen, biphasic and triphasic COCs were introduced in the 1980s; in these the dose of ethinyl estradiol and progestogen changes during the pill cycle. In the so-called every day pills, the 21 pills of active steroid combination are followed by 7 inactive pills containing starch, iron, or bran. Method failures of OCs are among the lowest ranging from 0.2-1/100 woman-years. User failures can be as high as 6.2/100 women-years. The individual difference in peak plasma levels of estrogens in women taking identical OCs can be 10-fold. Conditions that affect the bioavailability of contraceptive steroids are: 1) drug interaction (vitamin C, drugs that induce liver enzymes, and antibiotics); 2) vomiting; 3) vegetarianism; 4) missing pills; and 5) malabsorption. Metabolic effects of COCs pertain to carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, hemostasis, and vitamins. Prescribing of COCs involves counseling clients about contraindications to COCs, starting routines, and the pill-free interval, as well as follow-up and monitoring, the problem of missing pills, and selection criteria for OC use. Medical conditions in which COC use requires special consideration are sickle cell disease, trophoblastic disease, HIV disease, gallstones, epilepsy, valvular heart disease, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and surgery. Side effects of COCs may include depression, nausea, vomiting, headaches, urinary tract infection, and lower genital tract infections. 6 months after stopping the OC 1% of users become amenorrheic. Many of the common causes of amenorrhea, such as weight loss amenorrhea and polycystic ovarian disease, may be treated with the COC until the couple desires to have a baby. The new progestogens desogestrel, norgestimate, and gestodene are highly selective compared to first and second generation progestogens.
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PMID:Combined oral contraceptives: acceptability and effective use. 832 4

These findings support the hypothesis that a frontal-subcortical abnormality is necessary to produce symptoms of depression (e.g., mood-related signs, behavioral disturbances, neurovegetative signs) in dementia. Behavioral disturbances (e.g., disinhibition, agitation, social withdrawal) were more likely to occur in FLTD than in AD or SCD.
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PMID:Symptoms of depression in Alzheimer's disease, frontal lobe-type dementia, and subcortical dementia. 859 40

The phagocytosis of erythrocytes may contribute to the increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections in patients with burn injury, sickle cell anemia, and malaria. The phagocytosis of immunoglobulin G-coated erythrocytes (EIgG) is followed by a transient depression of several macrophage functions including phagocytosis, respiratory burst capacity, and killing of bacteria. The present study suggests the possibility that after erythrophagocytosis hemoglobin-derived iron conspires with reactive oxygen products of the macrophage respiratory burst to cause oxidant damage to the phagocyte. Challenge of elicited peritoneal macrophages with EIgG phagocytosis was followed by an increase in lipid peroxidation as assessed by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Doses of EIgG associated with increased TBARS also caused a depression of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production. Time course experiments demonstrated that the increase in TBARS coincided with the depression of macrophage function. There was no increase in TBARS following the phagocytosis of IgG-coated erythrocyte ghosts, suggesting that hemoglobin iron is involved in the generation of TBARS. The phagocytosis of erythrocyte ghosts did not depress macrophage function. Since complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis does not stimulate the respiratory burst, the role of the respiratory burst in causing lipid peroxidation was assessed using the phagocytosis of complement-coated erythrocytes. Phagocytic challenge with complement-coated erythrocytes caused neither an increase in TBARS nor a depression of macrophage function. However, there was an increase in TBARS when the respiratory burst was stimulated with PMA following complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis of erythrocytes. These results suggest that hemoglobin iron and phagocyte-generated oxidants collaborate to cause the depression of macrophage function following EIgG phagocytosis.
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PMID:Macrophage dysfunction following the phagocytosis of IgG-coated erythrocytes: production of lipid peroxidation products. 860 13


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