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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depression and alcoholism are associated with impaired immune responses. Complement proteins and fragments participate in the induction and modulation of both specific and non-specific immune reactions. This study examined the effect of prolonged ethanol ingestion on complement CH50 levels in two strains of rats, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) and the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), that differ in cholinergic sensitivity and depressive tendencies. Chronic ethanol exposure given as either the source of drinking fluid or as a liquid diet had a significant inhibition on mean CH50 unit responses in both FSL (41-48%) and FRL (23-24%) rats. The difference in group response to ethanol was confirmed by a significant interaction of ethanol treatment versus group in the two-way ANOVA. The FSL rats appear to be more easily affected than FRLs. Genetic differences in the neurotransmitter systems, therefore, may play a role in susceptibility to immunosuppression resulting from ethanol exposure.
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PMID:Ethanol and complement hemolytic activity of selectively bred hypercholinergic rats. 158 Sep 28

Chronic alcoholics are all too often not recognized in general practice. Diagnosis is only possible if the doctor assumes potential alcoholism in all his patients. Because of the tendency of the patient and often his family to deny alcohol dependence, diagnosis is only possible by taking psychiatric, somatic and psychosocial aspects into consideration in addition to an independent history. Questionnaires may be helpful. The severity of the dependence on alcohol is not a predictor of success in therapy. In practice, three types of alcoholics may be distinguished: (1) patients with stable social relationships; (2) patients with stable social relationships and severe anxiety or depression with alcohol abuse as an inadequate self medication; (3) patients who are not able to maintain stable relationships. The latter are unlikely to be successfully treated by a family physician. A careful classification of patients according to these simple criteria may reduce the rate of treatment failures. Therapy by the family physician is initiated with an extensive somatic, psychiatric and psychosocial work-up, and maintained by counseling and care. An important factor is close collaboration between physician and social worker. Disulfiram may be a powerful adjunct to the therapy of the family physician if supervised by a trustee. In our departments we work with alcoholics in a joint consultation service involving an internist and a psychiatrist. Two thirds of the patients who consent to supervised disulfiram remain in the program for a year. 3 months after initiation of the treatment, gamma-glutamyltransferase, ASAT, ALAT and MCV are normalized. A follow-up 5 years after treatment indicated the efficacy of this treatment.
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PMID:[What does the alcoholic patient need from his family physician?]. 158 34

In this second segment of a panel discussion on aging and mental health, panelists focus on the primary care evaluation and management of the patient with dementia, including differential diagnosis of depression. Other topics of discussion include the roles of psychiatric referral and psychotherapy in patient management, suicide prevention, and alcoholism in elderly patients.
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PMID:Aging and mental health: diagnosis of dementia and depression. 159 68

Aspects of the morbidity, growth, and psychopathology were studied in 186 children living in the barrio of La Coma, a marginal urban zone of Valencia. The children were compared with 100 controls randomly selected at the emergency room of the La Fe Children's Hospital. The barrio of La Coma contained around 5000 low income and disadvantaged residents. 46% of the population was under 16 and 20% were gypsies. Parents or grandparents of the 186 subjects and 100 controls were interviewed in 1991. 2 groups of 55 subjects and 100 controls aged 12- 14 were formed for the study of mental health. 2 questionnaire scales measuring children's anxiety levels were used, the "State Trait Anxiety Inventory of Children" and the "Children's Anxiety Scale". The "Children's Depression" questionnaire scale was used to measure symptoms of depression, and a scale test was used to obtain personality profiles. Both groups were similar in age, sex, and birth place. The control group had a significantly higher average duration of residence in the current location, 14.46 years vs. 3.86 years. The subject children were significantly less likely to have health coverage and more likely to live in female-headed households. The average educational level of the subject children's parents was lower, they were less likely to own their homes, and they had significantly fewer consumer goods such as telephones, automobiles, and televisions. None of the control children lived in households affected by drug addiction, prostitution, delinquency, or alcoholism, but 13.2% of subject children had at least one family member with one of these conditions. Control children were significantly more likely to have received prenatal care and to be completely vaccinated. No significant differences were observed in rates of prematurity or low birth weight, initiation of breastfeeding, dental caries in children over 15 months old, incidence of respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, weight, or anxiety. Control children were significantly taller than subject children. Subject children had significantly higher rates of depression and of personality disorders and overall psychological pathology.
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PMID:[Morbidity, physical growth and psychopathology in marginal populations in suburban areas]. 163 46

A total of 33 patients with associated alcoholism and depressive syndrome were examined. Of these, 23 persons were diagnosed to suffer from depressive neurosis, 9 had reactive and 1 endogenous depression. After the reflexotherapy the depressive symptomatology was removed in all the cases excluding endogenous depression. The alcoholism symptomatology disappeared simultaneously. The authors regard reflexotherapy as an adequate modality to be applied to the combined treatment of patients suffering from associated alcoholism and depression.
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PMID:[Reflexotherapy in the treatment of alcoholics with depressive syndrome]. 164 36

This study compared male and female alcoholics in terms of family history of alcoholism, Antisocial Personality (ASP), and depression on the course, consequences, and 1-year treatment outcome. The sample included 266 subjects (197 men and 69 women) who were hospitalized for treatment of alcoholism from three facilities in the greater Hartford area. Female alcoholics reported higher rates of alcoholism among their fathers than men across all diagnostic categories. Both male and female alcoholics who were diagnosed as having ASP reported higher alcoholism among their fathers than those with depression or no other diagnoses. Male alcoholics reported a longer duration of alcohol abuse and a higher number of lifetime alcohol-related problems than women. Subjects with ASP reported more childhood behavior problems, higher levels of alcohol consumption, and more affective and physical disturbances in the month prior to hospitalization whereas no gender differences were found on those variables. ASP alcoholics reported poorer 1-year treatment outcomes than non-ASP alcoholics. Males who were diagnosed as having depression tended to relapse, although the diagnosis of depression tended to modify the rate of relapse among women. The rate of depression was higher among women than men at the 1-year follow-up.
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PMID:Gender comparison of antisocial personality disorder and depression in alcoholism. 166 27

We review research literature on psychotic (delusional) depression, including demographic, illness pattern, clinical, biological marker and treatment issues. Secondly, we report a study of a consecutive sample of 137 patients meeting criteria for DSM-III melancholia, RDC definite endogenous depression and our "clinical" criteria for endogenous depression, of whom there were 35 "psychotic depressives" (PDs). The PDs were contrasted with the remaining 76 depressives (EDs) and with an age and sex-matched subset (MEDs). The PDs were distinctly older than the EDs at assessment and at initial onset of any affective disorder. Compared to the MEDs, they tended to have longer illnesses, were more likely to be hospitalised (and to have longer stays), to receive (in the past and for the current episode) combination antipsychotic/antidepressant medication and/or ECT, and to have a poorer course over the following year. They were no more likely to have a bipolar pattern, a family history of depressive disorder, schizophrenia or alcoholism, or vegetative depressive features. Developmental psychosocial stressors and antecedent life event stressors were not over-represented. Most of the PDs had delusions, one-fifth reported hallucinations and psychomotor disturbance was marked. Other differential clinical findings were sustained mood disturbance, constipation, and the absence of a diurnal variation in mood and energy.
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PMID:Psychotic depression: a review and clinical experience. 167 37

The aim of the present study was to see if female alcoholics had low platelet MAO activity and whether there was a correlation between low MAO activity in female alcoholics and specific clinical characteristics often observed in type II male alcoholics. In earlier studies, male alcoholics have been subdivided into type I and type II alcoholics. Type II alcoholics were characterized by early onset, a high frequency of depression and alcoholism in first degree relatives, a high frequency of drug abuse and social complications, sensation seeking behavior, extraversion, impulsive sensation seeking psychopathy, and low platelet MAO activity. In the present series it was demonstrated that the female alcoholics had significantly lower platelet MAO activities than the female healthy volunteers. The subgroup of female alcoholics with low platelet MAO activity, however, did not differ from female alcoholics with normal platelet MAO activity in the same way as male alcoholics with low platelet MAO activity have been shown to differ from male alcoholics with normal platelet activity. They did not have early onset, higher frequency of depression or alcoholism in their first degree relatives, nor more social complications than the female alcoholics with normal platelet MAO activity. Furthermore, they did not differ from the female alcoholics with normal platelet MAO activity in any personality trait covered by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP).
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of female alcoholics with low platelet monoamine oxidase activity. 169 77

Basal and maximum gastrin levels were measured in 81 patients with various stages of chronic alcoholism and different periods of alcohol intake, in 23 patients with chronic gastritis of nonalcohol etiology, and in 12 normal subjects. The findings permit a conclusion on the depressive effect of alcohol on the function of gastrin-producing G-cells, this resulting in lowered levels of both basal and maximal gastrin. A direct correlation between the degree of alcohol depression of gastric gastrin production and the length of alcohol consumption was revealed.
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PMID:[The gastrin-producing function of the stomach in patients with chronic alcoholism]. 170 50

The levels of hormones and some bioactive substances were measured in women of a reproductive age, suffering from alcoholism, with different stages and duration of this condition. Studies of the serotonin-reactive, cholinergic, and cholino-reactive systems have shown a discordant activity of the neuromediator systems: reduced activity of the serotonin-reactive and elevated tone of the cholinergic systems. The findings evidence that chronic alcohol poisoning is associated with activation of the hypothalamohypophyseal system followed by depression of this activity with the progress of alcoholism. Alcoholism involves disordered functioning of the ovaries, thyroid, and adrenals; these disorders may augment due to direct toxic effect of alcohol and its metabolites on the endocrine glands. All this eventuates in menstrual dysfunction and infertility.
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PMID:[Hormonal changes and biologically active substances in alcoholic women in the reproductive age]. 172 14


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