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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of 191 women admitted to the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital for depression over a 45-year period and selected on the basis of alcoholism or antisocial personality, vs. depression, in a parent, 105 probands fit into the depression spectrum group (parental alcoholism or antisocial personality) and 86 into the pure depression group (parental depression). Few differences were found between the presenting clinical pictures (including precipitating factors) of the two groups; but depression spectrum patients and pure depressive patients showed study differences in the areas of personal problems and personality as well as course of illness. The depression spectrum patients were significantly less likely to have loss of interest in usual activities as a symptom at index admission. They were significantly more likely to have had a history of sexual problems, to have been divorced or separated before, to have been described as irritable, and to report having previously been depressed. They are nonetheless significantly more likely to recover completely and have no relapse of depression. The pure depression group were significantly more likely to have depressed sisters, and suicide was much more frequent in their ill parents. Thus, important personality and course differences separate depressive spectrum disease from pure depressive disease;
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PMID:Depression spectrum disease versus pure depressive disease. Clinical, personality, and course differences. 56 91

Possibilities, difficulties and results of statistic investigations on the relation between schizophrenia, depression, neurosis and alcoholism are reported: The schizophrenic patients showed an excess of single childs and children of large sibship. In depressive patients the eldest are overrepresented. In neurotics single and eldest children are more numerous than in the general population. In alcoholic males tha last born und specially the youngest children are overrepresented. But nearly al of the relations found here have been contested by some other authors. The results are different because of the different methods. The reasons are explained in the second part of this study. The methodical differences consist in variable diagnosis, inadmissible selection, investigation without direct interviews, different statistical methods, summation of heterogenous samples and nonrepresentative controls. Methodical consequences for further investigations are discussed.
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PMID:[Family constellation in mental disorder. results and methods of statistical investigations of family size, birth order and sib position (author's transl)]. 58 69

Primary sleep disorders include narcolepsy, the Pickwickian syndrome, sleep apnea in infants and other rare conditions. Secondary sleep disorders occur in depression, alcoholism, endocrinopathies, heart failure and pregnancy. Medical symptomatology often increases during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, when physiologic activity is high. Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, requires careful work-up, attempts at environmental manipulation and judicious short-term pharmacotherapy. Pharmacologic manipulation of sleep is beset with complications. A basic understanding of properties and side effects of the sleep-inducing drugs is needed in order to select the optimal agent.
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PMID:Sleep disorders and insomnia. 62 43

A questionnaire regarding medication preferences for major categories of psychiatric disorders was sent to 1,059 psychiatric drug investigators in 53 countries. 264 questionnaires were returned, of which 165 were appropriate for this survey. A total of 87 different psychotropic drugs were selected. Chlorpromazine was the medication most frequently cited in the treatment of schizophrenia. Amitriptyline and imipramine together accounted for the vast majority of medication chosen for all varieties of depression. In the treatment of mania, chlorpromazine was chosen by almost one-third of our sample, lithium by only one-fifth. Chlordiazepoxide and diazepam were equally preferred in the treatment of alcoholism. Most psychiatrists preferred not to use any psychotropic medications consistently in treating patients with organic brain syndromes. The implications of this study are discussed and compared uith similar studies in more limited geographical regions and in children.
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PMID:Use of psychotropics in the world. 62 3

Isolates do not differ from other elderly people in respect of their medical illnesses. They do differ in their ability to cope. When well, they cope better than do non-isolates. However, when incapacitated by sickness, they require supportive help services more often and if these are lacking, are more likely to be admitted to a nursing home. Loneliness, alcohol dependence and depression are more often problems of the isolate.
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PMID:The elderly isolate. 63 80

The present study was designed, first, to attempt to replicate the previously derived Goldstein and Linden Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory alcoholic personality subtypes, and second, to relate these personality patterns to a multidimensional measure of alcohol usage. Two of the previously obtained profile types were replicated through two independent cluster analytic procedures. These subtypes were defined as psychopathic and neurotic-depressive, respectively. Higher levels of drinking-related impairment were associated with anxiety and depression, while lower levels of impairment were related to psychopathic features among patients hospitalized primarily for alcoholism. However, relatively heterogeneous, distinctive configurations of reported drinking benefits, styles, and consequences were found across the Goldstein-Linden subtypes. Methodological factors potentially contributing to the failure to replicate two of the previously derived subtypes were discussed. The potential therapeutic utility of a multivariate classification of personality functioning and the use of a multidimensional assessment of alcohol usage within alcoholic populations was also discussed.
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PMID:Alcoholic MMPI subtypes. Relationship to drinking styles, benefits, and consequences. 68 15

An extensive survey of two communities in Western Nigeria, one urban and the other rural, was conducted to find out some characteristics of opinion and knowledge about mental illness among the Yoruba. A questionnaire containing descriptions of four different types of mental illness (simple schizophrenia, paranoid schizophrenia, anxiety neurosis/depression, and alcoholism), was administered to 771 respondents, randomly selected. The description of paranoid schizophrenia was more readily recognized as mental illness than the others. Respondents tended to typify persons who fit the other three descriptions in such terms as "shy," "hot-tempered," "queer," "flirt," and "drunkard." Compared with Asian, Australian, and North American studies, lesser proportions of Nigerian respondents viewed the descriptions as symptomatic of psychiatric disorder. The finding that most respondents are still unaware of the range of symptoms and their significance is particularly striking because the catchment area for this study has had a long exposure to modern psychiatric delivery systems. It is suggested that the heightening of awareness of psychiatric symptoms through nationwide mental health education is essential for the full utilization of mental health services.
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PMID:A comparative study of opinion and knowledge about mental illness in different societies. 71 98

Sociological and alcohol use patterns were studied in American Indian, Black, Hispano, and White Anglo groups of alcoholism patients. Sociological variables indicated all groups appeared to be experiencing significant disruption in social and vocational areas, with the American Indian group showing the greatest disruption across the four groups in the socioeconomic areas. The four groups did not differ as to use of alcohol to enhance self, manage anxiety and depression, or as to sustained or periodic use. American Indians and Hispanos have a greater tendency to drink gregariously, to drink more, and to have more disruption in social role functioning. The general trend was that the American Indian group revealed greater social and alcohol symptom disruption than the other three groups, thus supporting a more specialized treatment approach for American Indian alcoholism patients.
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PMID:Alcoholism and ethnicity: a comparative study of alcohol use patterns across ethnic groups. 74 59

A systematic sample of 200 Sudanese individuals (100 males and 100 females) attending 4 health centres (2 urban and 2 rural) were interviewed, using standardized vignettes and a structured questionnaire, to explore their attitudes to mental illness and the mentally ill people. Information obtained from 183 (91.5%) of the respondents was analysed. Serious mental illness, represented by schizophrenia, was recognized as such by 76 per cent of both the urban and rural population and psychiatric treatment was suggested for it by more than half of them. About one-third of the respondents though of depression as just over-worry. The least recognition, as mental illness, was for alcoholism especially in the rural areas. More rural people than urban opted for religious healing as a method of treatment. Religious factors and people's concept of mental illness seem to influence their tolerance of deviant behaviour.
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PMID:Attitudes of Sudanese urban and rural population to mental illness. 74 70

The authors evaluate the clinical and research significance of the diagnosis of secondary depression by comparing 48 cases of primary and 26 cases of secondary depression. The patients with secondary depression have a higher familial prevalence of alcoholism, affective disorder, and drug abuse. The groups differ somewhat on a few sociodemographic, behavioral, and attitudinal variables but are similar in symptomatology, sex ratio, onset and duration of symptoms, treatment received, and response to treatment. These results suggest that the distinction between primary and secondary depression should be retained in research that examines neurochemistry or genetics. Primary and secondary depression appear to be identical from the persepctive of clinical care. Management of these patients should emphasize the diagnosis of depression rather than antecedent diagnoses.
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PMID:Secondary depression: familial, clinical, and research perspectives. 75 30


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