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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of a questionnaire in a population study in the county of Nordland, Norway, the prevalence of palpitations and its associations to some lifestyle factors, depression and self-rated health were analysed. All the 10,497 residents aged 40 to 42 years were invited to participate, 82% attended, 87% of the attenders returned a questionnaire by mail, and 6436 subjects were included in this report. The prevalence of palpitations was 15% in men and 25% in women. Palpitations were significantly associated with coffee consumption, smoking, alcohol intoxication, physical inactivity, depression and poor self-rated health in the univariate analyses. In a logistic regression analysis, the relations between palpitations and lifestyle were weakened. Significant predictors for palpitations were depression and poor self-rated health in both sexes, in addition to heavy coffee drinking and physical inactivity in men and alcohol intoxication in women. In conclusion, palpitations were more firmly linked to depression and self-evaluated health than to lifestyle.
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PMID:Palpitations and lifestyle: impact of depression and self-rated health. The Nordland Health Study. 881 4

Self-inflicted burns are a regular source of admissions to burns units world wide. This study examines the characteristics and outcomes of those who deliberately burn themselves. The medical records of all patients admitted to the Royal Brisbane Hospital Burns Unit and identified as having suffered a self-inflicted burn between 1990 and 1995 were reviewed. The records of patients who doused themselves with flammable liquid between 1984 and 1995 were examined as a separate group. Of 1072 admissions there were 44 cases (4.1 per cent) of deliberately self-inflicted burns. Average age was 30 yr with an average total burn surface area (TBSA) of 30 per cent (range 1-98 per cent). Schizophrenia, depression and personality disorder were diagnosed in 71 per cent. Alcohol intoxication was common in the rest. Suicide attempters were almost all male and the majority (60 per cent) were diagnosed with a major psychiatric illness. Self-mutilators suffered much less serious burns and none died. Self-inflicted burns accounted for 24 per cent of burns admitted to the intensive care unit. Self-immolation with flammable liquid resulted in severe burns with a 45 per cent mortality. A number of differences was demonstrated between those patients who had attempted suicide and those who had deliberately burnt themselves without suicidal attempt. Self-immolators constitute a considerable proportion of major burns admitted to this unit.
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PMID:Self-inflicted burns. 942 36

A three year old girl presented in a deeply comatose state. She had drunk ethanol four hours previously and her blood ethanol concentration on arrival was 79.8 mmol/litre (3.69 g/litre). Because of her young age, high blood ethanol concentration, time since ingestion, and severe neurological depression on presentation, nasogastric aspiration of the stomach contents was performed and 4.2 g of ethanol were removed. She made an uneventful recovery.
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PMID:Gastric evacuation for acute ethanol intoxication in a three year old. 947 25

Two hundred and sixty-three alcohol using college students completed a questionnaire on their levels of alcohol use, problems with alcohol use, reasons for drinking, perceptions of control over drinking, impulsivity, venturesomeness, irrational beliefs, neuroticism, expectations of alcohol effects, depression, social norms, religious affiliation and intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. Analyses of variance revealed that students with no religious affiliation reported significantly higher levels of drinking frequency and quantity, getting drunk, celebratory reasons for drinking and perceived drinking norms than those of either Catholic or Protestant religious affiliation, while no significant differences across groups were found for alcohol use problems. Protestants reported significantly higher levels of perceived drinking control than Catholics. Intrinsic religiosity, reflecting one's ego involvement with the tenets of one's religion, appeared to play a more important positive role over drinking behavior for Protestants than for Catholics.
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PMID:Effect of religion and religiosity on alcohol use in a college student sample. 954 44

Condom promotion remains the primary method of HIV prevention for sexually active couples. Measurement of condom use--essential for the evaluation of AIDS prevention programs--is impeded, however, by factors such as self-report bias, participation bias, test-retest reliability problems, social desirability responses, and memory error. Standardized methodology in studies where condom use is the dependent variable would allow for more accurate calculation of effect size and enable application of meta-analytical tools needed to avoid Type II errors. Recommended, to improve measurement of condom use, are the following: 1) separate measurement of condom use for receptive and insertive partners; 2) consideration of the multiple contingencies that exist for a participant to adopt long-term condom use for HIV prevention; 3) recognition that the person must be able to negotiate within the confines of competing threats to survival (e.g., violent reprisals); 4) use of intent to conceive a child as a covariate; 5) requirement that the person is motivated by the threat of HIV rather than by pregnancy prevention or prevention of the spread of an existing STD; 6) determination of the participation of the sex partners in the decision to use condoms for HIV prevention; 7) account for temporal factors such as depression or alcohol intoxication; 8) measurement of condom use data in the form of ratio rather than interval data; 9) quantification of acts of unprotected sex rather than proportion of condom use; and 10) where possible, use of a within-subject design for evaluation of the treatment effect.
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PMID:Condom use as a dependent variable: measurement issues relevant to HIV prevention programs. 988 89

In a survey of 120 sophomore and junior undergraduate college students, we found that those who admitted to cutting class for no reason during the previous month had a lower mean GPA than those who reported no voluntary absences. Cutting class was related to reports of getting drunk, speeding, breaking the law, and visiting home, although reports of speeding, getting drunk, and breaking the law were not related to GPA. The 11 students who reported feeling depressed had a lower GPA than those without depression, while the 18 students who had not visited their families in the previous month had higher GPAs than those who had visited their families. Implications for scale development are discussed.
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PMID:Voluntary class absences and other behaviors in college students: an exploratory analysis. 1102 9

This paper describes 170 cases of acute poisoning in 60 men and 110 women admitted to emergency room from January through November 1999. Ninety-eight percent of acute poisonings were self-inflicted, and 90% occurred at home. Drugs were used in 134 (79%) suicide attempts. Eighty-one acute poisonings were caused by benzodiazepines (48%) and 19 by antidepressants (11%). Alcohol intoxication, alone or combined with the intake of psychoactive drug (28 cases, 16%) predominated in men. Cocaine was the most common narcotic drug, taken by 31 patients (16%). Other acute poisonings involved ecstasy (4 cases), CO (6 cases), and HCl inhalation (2 cases). Previous suicide attempts due to depression were found in 68 patients (40%). Fifty patients (29%) were comatose on admission, 24 were transferred to intensive care, and 3 died. Data such as these can be very useful for handling self-inflicted acute poisonings and for planning long-term health care activities.
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PMID:Cases of acute poisoning admitted to Clinical Hospital Merkur in Zagreb in 1999. 1177 Mar 29

This pilot study examined the relationship between smoking, alcohol intake, depressive symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in head and neck cancer patients. A questionnaire on smoking, alcohol, depressive symptoms and QoL was distributed to head and neck cancer patients (N=81). Over one-third (35%) of the respondents had smoked within the last 6 months, 46% had drunk alcohol within the last 6 months and 44% screened positive for significant depressive symptoms. About one-third (32%) of smokers were interested in smoking cessation services and 37% of patients with depressive symptoms were interested in depression services. However, only 9% of those who drank alcohol expressed interest in alcohol services. Smoking was negatively associated with five scales of the SF-36V including Physical Functioning, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, and Role-Emotional Health. Depressive symptoms were negatively associated with all eight scales on the SF-36V and all four scales of the Head and Neck Quality of Life instrument. Surprisingly, alcohol was not found to be associated with any of the QoL scales. While smoking, alcohol intake and depression may be episodically treated, standardized protocols and aggressive intervention strategies for systematically addressing these highly prevalent disorders are needed in this population.
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PMID:Effect of smoking, alcohol, and depression on the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients. 1206 38

First results of a clinical and catamnestic investigation are reported for the efficiency of a highly structured outpatient therapy with alcohol-dependents. One hundred and two patients were included in the study. Of the patients,60% were male and 40% female. The average age was 45 years (+/-8). The average duration of alcohol dependence amounted to 15 years (+/-9), and the last average quantity of pure alcohol drunk was 193 g. Twenty-seven per cent of the patients had completed inpatient therapies in the past. Treatment retention amounted to n=74 (72.5%), and 18 of the 25 dropped out because of alcohol relapse. On average, relapsed dropouts indicated a longer abuse of alcohol and significantly more pretreatments than completers, and they also reported significantly stronger craving for alcohol (measured with the OCDS). Furthermore, they also achieved significantly higher total scores in the BDI (depression) and STAI (anxiety) scales at the beginning of therapy. At 6/12-month follow-ups, 90%-95% of the patients were successfully located and interviewed. Analyses revealed that 64% of the patients were still abstinent at 6-month follow-up evaluation, and 56% had remained abstinent until 12-month follow-up. Therapeutic implications of these satisfying therapy results are discussed, and the current knowledge on the efficiency of outpatient therapies is presented.
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PMID:[New possibilities in treatment and rehabilitation of alcohol-dependent patients--a catamnestic study on the efficiency of outpatient treatment programmes demonstrated by a model procedure]. 1262 37

Alcohol intoxication is the principal drug addiction in many countries of the world. It affects all age groups, both sexes and almost all social groups. Mortality associated with acute alcohol poisoning on its own is exceptional, but it can be an important factor if it coexists with recreational drugs. It is directly responsible for more than half of traffic accidents. Diagnosis is easy by means of anamnesis and clinical examination, and can be confirmed by determining the level of ethanol in the bloodstream. Supportive care is the best therapy in order to protect the patient from secondary complications. Methanol, or alcohol fuel, is used as a solvent, and can also be found as an adulterant of alcoholic drinks. Poisoning by oral means is the most frequent. Oxidized in the liver through dehydrogenase enzyme alcohol, toxicity is due to its metabolites, formaldehyde and formic acid. The clinical picture basically consists of cephalea, nausea, vomiting, hypotension and depression of the central nervous system. The optic nerve is especially sensitive, with total and irreversible blindness as a possible result. Ethylenglicol is used as a solvent and as an antifreeze; toxicity is due to an accumulation of its metabolites. The clinical picture includes symptoms that are held in common with methylalcohol intoxication. Kidney failure due to tubular necrosis and the deposit of oxalate crystals can occur.
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PMID:[Alcohol intoxication]. 1281 81


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