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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sober self-, drunk self-, and ideal self-depictions of 144 female alcoholic outpatients were obtained by means of the Q-technique. Subjects' drunk self-depictions were found to be very different from their sober self-depictions. Contrary to conventional presumptions, the composite effect of these drunkenness-associated changes was to increase the already appreciable discrepancy that existed between subjects' sober self- and ideal self-depictions. Of six interpretable dimensions of sober self-dissatisfaction obtained from the present data--(1) Subjective Distress, (2) Arrogance, (3) Impracticality, (4) Negative Self-Regard, (5) Lack of Interpersonal Forthcomingness, and (6) Anomic Depression--subjects' drunk self-depictions evidenced an increase in self-dissatisfaction on all but the first.
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PMID:Drunkenness-associated changes in the self-depictions of female alcoholics. 718 79

A total of 500 consecutive psychiatric referrals from the Accident and Emergency (A&D) Department of the National University Hospital of Singapore were studied with regard to their demographic characteristics, diagnoses, presenting problems and management. There were 314 females (62.8%) and 186 males (37.2%), and the mean age of subjects was 35.5 years. The three main diagnoses were anxiety disorders (25.6%), depression (19.4%) and schizophrenia (17.6%). About 41% were admitted, of whom two-fifths were initially admitted to the medical ward because of drug overdose or alcohol intoxication. A further 34% were treated as out-patients, and 21% were discharged.
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PMID:Psychiatric referrals from an accident and emergency department in Singapore. 758 6

To assess the short-term effect of retirement on mental health and health behaviors of members of a health maintenance organization aged 60-66, questionnaires were completed in 1985 and 1987 by employed members planning to retire during the study period and those not planning to retire. Mental health and health behaviors of members who actually retired (n = 320) were compared with those members who did not retire (n = 275). Using logistic regression controlling for age, gender, marital status, and education, we found that retired members were more likely to have lower stress levels and to engage in regular exercise more often as compared to those who did not retire during the study period. Retired women were more likely to report no alcohol problems as compared to nonretired women. There were no differences between the groups on self-reported mental health status, coping, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, and frequency of drunkenness. These findings underscore the importance of assessing positive benefits associated with retirement and call for further evaluation of whether these benefits persist over time.
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PMID:The effect of retirement on mental health and health behaviors: the Kaiser Permanente Retirement Study. 775 31

Two cases of alcoholic coma are presented where extensor responses to noxious stimuli are demonstrated. Decerebrate posturing normally indicates severe structural or functional depression of midbrain function but can be caused by depressant drugs. Blood alcohol measurements are a vital test in the comatose patient as the clinical picture may be caused, or temporarily significantly worsened, by severe alcohol intoxication. The preservation of pupillary light reflexes in the presence of deep coma with decerebrate posturing should alert the clinician to a possible metabolic cause for the coma, including alcohol. Nevertheless, a diagnosis of alcoholic coma should not be made unless the blood alcohol concentration is grossly elevated and other causes of coma have been excluded by careful physical examination, blood glucose and electrolyte measurement, skull radiography and, in the absence of a rapid improvement, computerized tomography.
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PMID:Decerebrate posturing in alcoholic coma. 780 94

Limited research has examined the relationship between financial strain and alcohol use and abuse. Building on affect regulation theory and recent research in the stress and alcohol literatures, this study developed and tested a model relating financial strain, social resources, personal resources, depression, and drinking to cope to alcohol use and abuse. Data were obtained from a random sample of 1,424 adults who indicated that they had drunk alcohol in the previous year. We tested and then revised our model using structural equation modeling analysis. Results supported the affect regulation model of financial strain and alcohol use and abuse. Generally, depression mediated the relationship between financial strain and drinking to cope, and drinking to cope mediated the relationship between depression and alcohol use and abuse. In addition, both gender and race moderated six of the relationships in our revised model.
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PMID:Relationship of financial strain and psychosocial resources to alcohol use and abuse: the mediating role of negative affect and drinking motives. 784 27

Theorists have attempted to account for the relationship between alcohol intoxication and a wide range of aggressive behaviors by ascribing alcohol-related aggression to the disinhibiting effects of alcohol and to its disruptive effects on cognitive processes. Allocation of attention and situational threat have been thought to mediate alcohol-related aggression. In the present study, 72 male social drinkers received either alcohol, a placebo, or a nonalcoholic beverage and were exposed to either threatening or nonthreatening personal information. Measuring levels and duration of aggressive responses on a Taylor-Buss aggression machine, intoxicated subjects were found to be generally more aggressive under threatening than under nonthreatening information conditions. Intoxicated subjects also reported relatively large increases in anger, depression, and tension following the aggression task, which appeared to be affected by the type of information received. These findings concur with and refine previous models suggesting that alcohol focuses the drinker's attention to salient cues in threatening circumstances, thus increasing the likelihood of aggressive behavior.
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PMID:Alcohol and aggression: effects of personal threat on human aggression and affective arousal. 794 72

The analyses reported here draw on recent work on gender and deviance to derive hypotheses concerning sex differences in drinking behavior, reactions of significant others to male and female intoxication, and the psychological consequences of drinking experiences. The hypotheses are evaluated in structural equation models with recent national data on drinking behavior and consequences. Consistent with the gendered deviance perspective, the results suggest that sex differences in style as well as frequency of intoxication mitigate the adverse consequences of female drinking commonly presumed on the basis of biological vulnerability or societal disapproval of female drunkenness. Compared to males, females become intoxicated less frequently and are less likely to abandon personal control while drinking (as indicated by aggression, blackouts, and rapid ingestion). As expected, these sex differences in drinking behavior are smaller among adolescents than among adults. Partly as a result of this different drinking style, significant others are no more likely to criticize girls or women for their drinking than they are to criticize boys or men. Two hypotheses concerning the greater psychological vulnerability of females to depression as a result of drinking or criticism of drinking by significant others are supported among youths but not among adults.
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PMID:Gender, styles of deviance, and drinking problems. 803 48

Psychiatric emergencies in the elderly form a small percent of all elderly patients treated in emergency departments. However, accurately diagnosing and understanding behavioral emergencies in the elderly is difficult. Emergency behavioral syndromes in the elderly include confusion, agitation, psychosis, and behavioral regression. Causes of these syndromes in the elderly include delirium, dementia, medication side effects, physical illnesses, depression, and alcohol intoxication/dependency. Emergency physicians should consider each of these diagnostic possibilities when evaluating elderly behavioral emergencies to properly diagnose and treat elderly patients.
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PMID:Diagnosing psychiatric emergencies in the elderly. 817 53

Isopropyl alcohol continues to be a frequent toxicologic exposure. However, no cases involving the newborn period have been described. A 14-day-old male infant presented to the emergency department (ED) with the mother's chief complaint that "He is not himself." Physical examination observed the infant to be lethargic and hypotonic. Laboratory evaluation revealed a positive urine drug screen for isopropanol and acetone. Elevated serum levels (in mg/dl) of isopropanol/acetone at 2:45, 4:15, 11:10, and 29:53 hours postpresentation were 101/136, 81/149, 20/155, and 5/72, respectively. Overall, this patient did remarkably well with minimal supportive care and was noted to have a normal neurologic examination within 10 hours of presentation despite rising serum acetone levels. This case brings into question the hypothesis that acetone, a metabolite of isopropanol, prolongs central nervous system depression in acute isopropyl alcohol intoxication. The importance of urine drug screens in children who present to the ED with unusual neurologic examinations is appreciated.
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PMID:Two-week-old infant with isopropanol intoxication. 834 86

Analysis of medical and sociopsychological factors in 231 burn victims was provided during 4-year randomized study. Groups of burn-prone (working class males, alcohol abusers, burned drunk, violating safety measures, with concomitant somatic and brain disorders and maladjustment) and non-prone individuals were elucidated. Shifts in Spielberger's state and trait anxiety scores depend on the damage of their somatic and nervous "underground". Beck's depression and trait anxiety high scores in all subgroups were found.
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PMID:[The clinico-epidemiological characteristics of burn trauma]. 865 47


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