Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the 11-yr. period of 1976 to 1986 leukemia or lymphoma treatment at the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki was electively discontinued for the children in 90 different families. Of the 53 (59%) patients (mean age 6.4 yr. at diagnosis and 12.8 yr. at completion of questionnaires) who agreed to participate in the present study, 48 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and five nonHodgkin lymphoma. Patients' and parents' impressions of the patients' psychological reactions during patients' prior chemotherapy were evaluated on parental and self-ratings. Also, knowledge of and presumed causes of the malignancy were studied. Patients' reactions of aggression, depression, eating disorders, hypersensitivity, phobic anxiety, death anxiety, and night terror were examined using factor analysis. Aggression, in the form of irritation and anger, was displayed more often by girls than by boys. Patients of families suffering from stress were prone to exhibit aggression in the form of mood changes, irritation, and anger. Patients with disease-related knowledge, as opposed to those less well informed, were less depressed. Discrepancies between parents' and patients' thoughts about the origin of the malignancy were noted.
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PMID:Aggression: the dominant psychological response in children with malignant disease. 192 14

The asymmetry of tritiated imipramine (IMI) binding sites (which are associated with serotonergic mechanisms) were investigated in the orbital frontal cortex in 6 women and men who died of natural causes, and who did not have a history of mental disorders. There was significant interhemispheric asymmetry in both sexes, higher Bmax on the right side compared with the left. The Bmax values of IMI binding in the right orbital cortex in women were significantly higher than in men. Our preliminary findings--gender difference of serotonergic mechanisms in some area of the human brain--are in accordance with the observed gender differences in a variety of serotonin-regulated behaviors (sexual behavior, aggression and impulse control), and serotonergic mental disorders (eating disorders, suicidal behavior, anxiety disorders and depression).
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PMID:Serotonergic interhemispheric asymmetry: gender difference in the orbital cortex. 192 59

Posttubal ligation syndrome consists of various menstrual disorders including premenstrual syndrome (PMS). 78 patients aged 30-49 years, who were previously diagnosed with PMS and seeking treatment and who had a parity of 1-6, were studied. 25 women aged 26-49 comprised the tubal sterilization (TS) group with TS, and 11 tubal cauterizations. 43 females aged 20-47 made up the nonsterilized groups. Serum estradiol assay indicated intraassay and interassay coefficient variation of 4 and 8.1%. Serum progesterone assay showed intraassay and interassay coefficient variation of 5.8 and 10%. The total testosterone assay calibration range was 15-110 ng/dl with intraassay and interassay coefficient variation of 5.2 and 92%. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) plasma levels were determined with radioimmunoassay utilizing a double antibody. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 2.7-7.9% and 2.6-9.4%, respectively. Total levothyroxine assay yielded a calibration range of 1-24 mcg/dl. The PMS symptoms were not significantly different between the sterilized and nonsterilized groups, not did the levels of hormones differ during the luteal and follicular phases except for a significantly lower follicular estradiol level in the TS group (50.4 +or- 24.1 pg/ml) as opposed to the nonsterilized group (81.7 +or- 69.1 pg/ml). Luteal levels of estradiol in the whole sample were positively associated with luteal depression, aggression, and physical symptoms. This was limited to depression in the nonsterilized group. Most researchers concluded that PMS was not linked to TS, although some found a 36 and 93% higher incidence after TS which was attributed to the damage to vascular supplies by TS. This controversy could be solved by a prospective study with evaluation before and after TS. The present data did not indicate a connection between TS and PMS or hormonal changes linked with TS in PMS patients.
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PMID:Prevalence and severity of premenstrual changes after tubal sterilization. 194 95

It has become apparent that the excessive dieting engaged in by many girls when they reach puberty frequently serves as an impetus for the later development of eating disorders. While the existence of bulimia nervosa has been well documented in late-adolescent girls, only minimal research has been devoted to delineating the personality characteristics that distinguish bulimics from normal adolescents. The present study utilized the Rorschach to contrast 12 DSM-III-R diagnosed adolescent bulimics with 12 female adolescent controls. Exner's (1986) Comprehensive System was used for scoring the protocols. Statistically significant group differences were detected on both the overall Depression and the Schizophrenia Indices, as well as on several subcomponents of each. Additionally, bulimics averaged a greater number of aggression responses. The data suggested that the adolescent bulimics were more depressed, self-punitive, and negativistic than their peers, and that they had more disordered thoughts, inaccurate perceptions, and impaired judgment. The cognitive disturbances were not limited to the areas of food and weight. The results are alarming for this young population, particularly since the severity of symptoms certainly will increase over time if left untreated. Recommendations are made for early symptom identification and intervention.
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PMID:Rorschach evaluation of adolescent bulimics. 196 51

Diabetes mellitus and bilateral optic atrophy are the defining characteristics of the autosomal recessive Wolfram syndrome. Diabetes insipidus, neurogenic bladder, deafness, and other neurological manifestations are frequent. A review was made of the medical records of 68 Wolfram syndrome patients, aged between 8 and 43 years, identified by casefinding throughout the USA. 41 of the patients (60%) had episodes of severe depression, psychosis, or organic brain syndrome, as well as impulsive verbal and physical aggression. These symptoms were very severe in 17 patients (25%), of whom 12 required admission to a psychiatric hospital and 11 attempted suicide. We conclude that the Wolfram syndrome gene predisposes homozygotes to psychiatric illness.
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PMID:Psychiatric findings in Wolfram syndrome homozygotes. 197 60

Self-injurious ideation or behavior appeared de novo or intensified during fluoxetine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in six patients, age 10 to 17 years old, who were among 42 young patients receiving fluoxetine for obsessive-compulsive disorder at a university clinical research center. These symptoms required the hospitalization of four patients. Before receiving fluoxetine, four patients had major risk factors for self-destructive behavior including depression or prior suicidal ideation or self-injury. Three hypotheses concerning the apparent association between fluoxetine and these self-injurious phenomena are discussed: (1) coincidence; (2) disorganization of vulnerable individuals secondary to drug-induced activation; and (3) a specific serotonergic-mediated effect on the regulation of aggression.
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PMID:Emergence of self-destructive phenomena in children and adolescents during fluoxetine treatment. 193 9

Psychogenic influences on the immune system become evident via the nervous system, particularly in its paraspecific part and the parameters there of. On the one hand the sifting and systematization of the investigations carried out so far forces criticism and evaluation of methods, shows on the other hand however a number of important findings and conclusions, which can be deduced from this knowledge. (1) Immunosuppressive effects have to a great extent their roots in psycho-social influences, leading to an overtaxing of the human capacity to adapt; occupational stress, depression, helplessness, loneliness, hopelessness, lack of social support, suppression of emotional disturbance and aggression, psychological vulnerability, etc. (2) A psychogenic stimulation of the immune system is founded in certain personality traits (self-confidence, openness, etc.) and a life-style, which is characterized by security and support in the social sphere, by the ability to handle one's illness positively, by recognizing effective forms of coping with stress, as well as trust and faith in realizing the unlikely and a will to survive based on self-discipline. (3) Forms of hyperalimentation, malnutrition and wrong eating habits result in immunosuppressive effects and, in highly developed industrial countries, have their roots in stress situations, which cannot be coped with (e.g. stress due to separation from partner, stress connected with divorce, occupational stress, loneliness, helplessness, lack of social support, suppression of emotional disturbance and aggression, sleep deprivation, immobilization, etc.) and are therefore founded in variables of life-style and biography.
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PMID:[Psychogenic stimulation of the immune system by nutrition]. 205 87

The present study investigated the effect of hyperbaric exposure on ethanol-induced depression of aggressive behavior measured by resident-intruder confrontations. Adult male CFW mice (residents) were paired with females and housed together for 26 days. Then, resident mice were intubated with either ethanol (2 g/kg) or water (20 ml/kg) and were exposed to 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA) air, 1 ATA helium oxygen (heliox) or 12 ATA heliox using a within-subjects counterbalanced design. Thirty minutes after intubation an intruder was introduced. Ethanol significantly decreased aggressive behaviors (attack latency, attack bites, sideways threats, tail rattles and pursuit) in 1 ATA-treated animals. Pressure completely antagonized the depression of aggression induced by ethanol. Ethanol alone and pressure alone did not significantly affect nonaggressive behaviors. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in blood ethanol concentrations 50 minutes after intubation. These results suggest that ethanol's effects on aggressive behavior result from the same membrane actions leading to loss of righting reflex, depression of locomotor activity, tolerance and dependence.
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PMID:Ethanol-induced depression of aggression in mice antagonized by hyperbaric exposure. 206 1

Olfactory bulbectomy in rats causes neurochemical, behavioral, as well as physiological alterations. These alterations make this surgical procedure a useful animal model for depression. In humans, depression was shown to be accompanied by increases in plasma cortisol, inability to decrease cortisol in the dexamethasone suppression test and increases in plasma alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), an endogenous modulator for the serotonin uptake site. Utilizing a recently developed radial immunodiffusion assay for rat AGP we were able to confirm the increases in plasma AGP in the rat. However, we did not observe increased corticosterone in the rat. We also observed the aggressive behavior of muricide in olfactory bulbectomized rats. These results seem to indicate that olfactory bulbectomy is a good model for depression in the human condition and that AGP may be a putative marker for this condition.
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PMID:Olfactory bulbectomy alters alpha-1 acid glycoprotein levels in rat plasma. 212 13

The present study examined behavior of streptozotocin-diabetic mice in Porsolt's swim test, a putative animal model of depression, in the holeboard test of exploration and locomotor activity, in the plus maze test of anxiety, and in the resident-intruder paradigm of aggression. Two weeks after an IP injection of 200 mg/kg streptozotocin, which caused a 20% weight loss and increased fluid consumption and urination, male NIH Swiss mice were found to show lengthened duration of immobility in the swim test. One week of insulin treatment (0.1 IU/g/day) partially antagonized this change. The locomotor activity scores in the streptozotocin-treated mice were lower in the holeboard but higher in the plus maze than in the controls; therefore, the lengthened immobility was not likely to be due to a general motor impairment. No significant changes in the time spent in social interaction or aggressive behavior were found in the streptozotocin-treated mice. The results indicate that streptozotocin-treated mice show lengthened immobility in the swim test.
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PMID:Behavior of streptozotocin-diabetic mice in tests of exploration, locomotion, anxiety, depression and aggression. 214 92


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