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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Childhood peer rejection, aggression, withdrawal, and perceived competence were compared as predictors of self-reported behavior problems. Peer sociometric status (Coie, Dodge, and Coppotelli, 1982), teacher ratings of behavior problems (Lorion, Cowen, & Caldwell, 1975), and perceived competence ratings (Harter, 1982) were obtained for 613 second- through fourth-grade children. Two years later, these students completed a modified version of the Youth Self-Report from (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1987). Rejected children and neglected girls were more likely to have a self-reported nonspecific negative outcome than others. Neglected girls were at heightened risk for depression. A varied set of predictors obtained from different informants emerged for each sex for each of the specific self-reported outcomes of depression, unpopularity, delinquency, aggression, and self-destructive/identity problems. Results are discussed in terms of future directions for longitudinal research on the consequences of poor peer relationships in childhood.
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PMID:Childhood peer rejection, aggression, withdrawal, and perceived competence as predictors of self-reported behavior problems in preadolescence. 175 11

Research in biobehavioral oncology has been focused on stress as one dispositional factor in the multifactorial origin and in the clinical progression of malignant disease. New insights into the transduction of environmental influences to the immune system and to other body systems by the brain and neurotransmitters have increased the salience of this approach. Behavioral medicine in the area of cardiovascular disease has been successful due to the introduction of a "Type A" or coronary prone behavior pattern in large epidemiologic studies. This pattern is marked by both psychologic and physiologic hyperresponsiveness. Type A persons appear to be hostile, easily angered, competitive and hard-driving. More recently, behavioral oncologists have similarly attempted at conceptualizing a "Type C" or biopsychosocial cancer risk pattern, as they have noted the denial and suppression of emotions, in particular anger. Other features of this pattern are "pathological niceness", avoidance of conflicts, exaggerated social desirability, harmonizing behavior, over-compliance, over-patience, as well as high rationality and a rigid control of emotional expression ("anti-emotionality"). This pattern, usually concealed behind a facade of pleasantness, appears to be effective as long as environmental and psychological homeostasis is maintained, but collapses in the course of time under the impact of accumulated strains and stressors, especially those evoking feelings of depression and reactions of helplessness and hopelessness. As a prominent feature of this particular coping style, excessive denial, avoidance, suppression and repression of emotions and own basic needs appears to weaken the organism's natural resistance to carcinogenic influences. This may mean that the excessive use of denial and suppression/repression has important psychophysiologic effects linked to tumor biology and host-defense. Recent studies reveal that psychosocial stressors which are met by inadequate and repressive coping styles are associated with changes in immunocompetence, including both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Relationships between different immune parameters (natural killer cell activity, lymphocytes, serotonin uptake, mean platelet volume) and mood states, psychological coping styles and personality variables are outlined. Recent findings indicate also that in certain malignancies (eg. breast cancer) the clinical course of the disease is influenced by psychosocial factors and coping style, as well as that the risk of cancer recurrence and metastasis is influenced by the type and duration of a given stressor. Individuals with a more favorable outcome have higher fighting spirit, a greater potential for aggression and lesser suppressive tendencies. Psychological intervention in cancer patients in its different forms and within the frame of the over-all treatment has now become a matter of scientific discussion and research.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Stress, cancer and immunity. New developments in biopsychosocial and psychoneuroimmunologic research. 178 8

It has been reported that gonadal steroids modulate brain and behavioral sex differentiation during development. Prenatal maternal restraint also alters development by affecting gonadal steroid levels in the fetus. Prenatal maternal restraint of animals decreases sex differences for sexual behavior, locomotion, aggression, etc. In recent work on animal models, we reported that, like humans, laboratory rats show sex differences in depression. From the present study, performed on Sprague-Dawley rats, we conclude that: 1) there are sex differences for depression in two different animal models (swimming-induced immobility and natatory tests); 2) there are also sex differences in open-field behavior; 3) prenatal maternal restraint decreases sex differences for depression but does not affect sex differences in open-field behavior; 4) prenatal maternal restraint affects female but not male behavior in the two depression tests used. These results suggest that: 1) sex differences reported in animal models of depression are under the control of gonadal steroids during prenatal brain development; 2) stress during early phases of development increases the risk for depression in adulthood.
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PMID:Effects of maternal stress during pregnancy on forced swimming test behavior of the offspring. 180 Oct 3

Georges Gilles de la Tourette first drew attention to the psychopathology of the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) in 1889 when he commented on the anxieties and phobias of his patients. In this paper he acknowledged the contribution of Guinon, who in 1886 had noted that "tiquers" nearly always had associated psychiatric disorders characterised by multiple phobias, arithmomania and agoraphobia. Since that time many types of psychopathology have been documented in association with GTS, including depression, anxiety, phobic disorder, hostility and aggression. However, the exact association between these disorders and GTS remains unclear. What is becoming increasingly evident is that there is a clear and strong association between obsessional thoughts and behaviours and GTS, and this is seen both in patients with GTS and in their family members. There have now been at least twenty investigations which have reported on this association, which is evident in clinic patients, epidemiological studies and family/pedigree populations. There have also been convincing arguments for the association being genetic.
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PMID:The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessional disorder. 180 36

We describe a new syndrome with autosomal dominant transmission whose most striking feature is vascular retinopathy. The retinopathy is often associated with migraine, Raynaud's phenomenon and mental changes, mainly forgetfulness, aggression and depression. To define this syndrome we collected medical data on 110 family members. General ophthalmological examination and fluorescein angiography were performed in 61 persons. The retinopathy, as diagnosed in 22 persons, is characterized by central and peripheral microangiopathy, areas of capillary non-perfusion, haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and, in a more advanced stage, occlusion of large retinal vessels, which can induce a neovascular response. A vascular occlusive disorder may be the common aetiological factor of the various manifestation of this syndrome.
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PMID:A new autosomal dominant vascular retinopathy syndrome. 182 Dec 4

We reviewed the records of 42 patients with Wilson's disease participating in a zinc acetate treatment protocol and interviewed 17 of them. Five of the patients studied were asymptomatic. A significant number of symptomatic patients (64.8%) reported psychiatric symptoms at the time of initial presentation. These symptoms were severe enough to warrant psychiatric intervention in almost half of all symptomatic patients before the diagnosis of Wilson's disease was made. Personality changes, particularly irritability and aggression, were most commonly described (45.9%), followed by depression (27%). Cognitive changes, anxiety, psychosis, and catatonia, while less frequent, also occurred. These data underscore the need to include Wilson's disease in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
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PMID:The psychiatric presentations of Wilson's disease. 149 90

This study investigates the possibilities to identify, within a group of acute low-back pain patients, individuals with psychogenic etiology to pain. 26 acute back pain patients and 25 healthy control subjects were tested with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Hysteria: (Hs), Hypochondria (Hy), Depression (D); Cesarek-Marke Personality Scale: Aggression (Agg), Defence of status (Dst), Guilt (Gui); Mood Adjective Check List: (Hedonism, Activity, Calmness = Hed, Act, Clm) and a 'pain questionnaire' including 'pain drawing'. Differences between groups and correlation patterns between test variables indicate that a combination of Hs, Hy, D, Dst, Gui, Hed, Act, Clm as well as predisposition to somatization, Som (a quantification of pain drawing) provides a useful predictive screening instrument.
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PMID:Personality traits in patients with acute low-back pain. A comparison with chronic low-back pain patients. 183 80

108 consecutive and unselected patients presenting with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) due to cerebral aneurysm rupture were treated with a standardized regime. At 12 months after surgery 87 patients, who were available for review, were investigated with questionnaires, physical examination and neuropsychological tests. On the background of a comparatively low physical morbidity rate of 7% and mainly normal test results for concentration abilities, non-verbal memory function, word knowledge, logic and 3-dimensional thought, delay in rehabilitation was evidently caused by psychological problems. These were most manifest in increased anxiety, personality changes in form of depression or aggression, and lack of social contact and were exacerbated by apparently inadequate postoperative care. Therefore a psychologist should be involved during the first 12 months of rehabilitation, clinics should be held more frequently or access via phone to a neurosurgical information centre should be provided. The presented follow-up concept is suitable for assessing rehabilitation but for practical reasons should be shortened.
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PMID:Outcome and rehabilitation after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. 186 75

There is an increasing demand in Canada for improved care of elderly patients with psychiatric disorders. We report one year's experience, with a one year follow-up, of 130 consecutive admissions to the psychogeriatric service at Alberta Hospital, Edmonton. Approximately one-half of the patients came from the community and one-half from long term care institutions; 3 % were admitted via an acute care hospital. The median age was 76 years (range from 43 to 92). Aggression (45%) and wandering (29%) were the most common problems. Dementia was diagnosed in 58% and depression in 19% of patients; 17% had medical problems which precipitated or exacerbated the presenting symptoms. The median length of stay was 92 days (range from one to 365 days); patients admitted from long term care facilities were hospitalized for a longer period of time than those admitted from the community. The mortality rate was 16% in the hospital and five percent at one year follow-up. Approximately one-half of the patients were discharged back to their original residence. These results suggest that even very severely disturbed behaviour can be managed successfully and that a close link between medical diagnostic and treatment services is important. Innovations between these services and long term care facilities may reduce the need for prolonged hospitalization.
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PMID:Outcomes of admission to a psychogeriatric service. 190 79

The appearance of depressive features, as reflected by responses to the Rorschach test, were explored in two groups of children from divorced and nondivorced families (referred to here as divorce and nondivorce children). The relationships between the depression scores and the children's hostility, aggression, and anxiety levels were also studied. The Rorschach Inkblot Test was individually administered to a nonclinical sample of 108 Swedish school children between 10 and 12 years old. The subjects constituted two groups, a divorce group (27 girls, 27 boys) and a nondivorce group (27 girls, 27 boys). Divorce children scored significantly higher on Exner's (1986) Depression Index than their nondivorce peers. Furthermore, divorce children with depressive features in their Rorschach responses were found to have a high level of hostility and aggression (as manifested in their Rorschach protocols), whereas no such associations were found among nondivorce children.
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PMID:Indications of depression and distress in divorce and nondivorce children reflected by the Rorschach test. 192 25


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