Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study aimed at the standardization of symptom evaluation of patients with depression was carried out as the first step in an extensive collaborative study on affective disorders between centers in Nagasaki, Shanghai and Seoul. This study was initiated in order to clarify the factors affecting the low reported prevalence rates of depressive disorders in Asia. No significant difference in evaluation of psychiatric symptoms was observed between the 3 centers. Nevertheless, the diagnoses given by ICD-9 showed very interesting differences. For any given case, Nagasaki tended to make a diagnosis of an affective psychosis depression, while Shanghai made a diagnosis of neurotic disorder. No significant tendency was observed in the Seoul center. These findings are discussed in terms of their importance for future international collaborative studies.
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PMID:Comparative study of affective disorders in three Asian countries. I. Differences in diagnostic classification. 322 28

Clinico-catamnestic investigation was performed in 100 patients with endogenous affective psychosis with phasic depression. Two variants of the unipolar depression were identified characteristically differing in major clinical and pathogenic parameters. This fact allowed regarding unipolar depression as a distinct pathogenic entity. A series of its clinical traits (premanifest period features, clinical type and course of the manifest depression) can be used for prognosing further development of the disease.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of unipolar depressive psychosis]. 323 60

Hemodialysis and kidney transplantation are often accompanied by psychological problems that can affect the medical course of the illness. The most frequent problems include depression, noncompliance with diet and medication, and sexual dysfunction. Approximately one-fourth of dialysis patients are depressed at any one time, and 2.7 percent of transplant patients experience affective psychosis. In addition, about 1 percent of the dialysis patients will commit suicide. Following transplantation body image problems may occur, primarily arising from the introjection of the new organ and from the disfiguring side effects of steroid medication. The author summarizes the pertinent psychiatric literature and treatment modalities available.
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PMID:Psychiatric issues in renal dialysis and transplantation. 635 Jan 50

A man with resistant lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and affective psychosis was successfully treated with carbamazepine. Carbamazepine may be appropriate for concurrently treating lithium-induced renal dysfunction and manic-depression in patients whose prognosis may be jeopardized by lithium discontinuation.
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PMID:Treatment of resistant lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and schizoaffective psychosis with carbamazepine. 640 36

Different diagnostic groups were compared in order to find out how constant individual patterns of illness remained over different hospital admissions. First, each of the syndrome scales in the Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale and the Clinical Self-Rating Scales was examined to see how stable the patients' scores remained over two different admissions. Low correlations between scores on the two admissions were seen in the scales for mania and depression, reflecting changes in the clinical symptom patterns of patients with affective disorders. Many other scales, however, were fairly stable and were more closely connected with the given diagnosis. Secondly, each patient's pattern of illness on the first admission was compared with his or her pattern on the second admission. It was observed that patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizo-affective psychosis tended to have less stable patterns of illness.
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PMID:Changes in patterns of mental illness over different hospital admissions. 672 5

The pharmacological properties and the equivocal antipsychotic effects of diazepam reported in the literature suggested the use of high doses of this drug on schizophrenic patients to re-evaluate its usefulness. Treatment of 15 schizophrenic patients with doses of up to 400 mg/day showed a specific effect on hallucinations and certain forms of delusion. One group (nine patients with paranoid-hallucinatory and one with schizo-affective psychosis) showed a significant reduction in psychopathology as documented in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Global Clinical Impressions (GCI), whereas five other patients (all of the schizo-affective type with symptoms of depression, euphoria, and/or psychotic anxiety) did not respond and had to be withdrawn from the study. Under the treatment an absence of sedative effects and a development of the feeling of well-being and euphoria were noticed. In three patients with doses of over 260 mg/day a marked loss of inhibitions in sexual and social behaviour was observed. It is concluded that high doses of diazepam may be useful in certain types of schizophrenia.
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PMID:High dose diazepam in schizophrenia. 677 28

The hypothesis that puerperal affective psychosis (PAP) is genetically related to manic-depressive disorder was tested by comparing the morbidity risks for puerperal and non-puerperal affective disorders in the relatives of 17 PAP subjects and 20 parous manic-depressives (PMD) with no history of puerperal illness. The risk for affective disorder (mania, depression or suicide) and puerperal affective disorder was the same in the two groups of relatives and the test hypothesis was accepted, although the sample size was small. The frequencies of HLA-A, B and C locus antigens, nine blood group antigens and 10 red blood cell isoenzymes were not significantly different in the PAP and PMD subjects, showing that in this series genetic markers do not distinguish puerperal from non-puerperal affective psychoses.
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PMID:Genetic factors in puerperal affective psychoses. 695 92

1. Twenty-nine inpatients with a long history of rather severe, affective psychosis were admitted for a 4 weeks treatment with citalopram, a very specific 5-Ht-reuptake inhibitor. 2. Twenty-six patients (15 men and 11 women) completed the study and among these 15 had been depressed for more than 10 years and 19 showed an entry total score of more than 25 points on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (17 items). 3. When treated with a dose of 40-60 mg once daily, approximately one third of the patients showed a marked response and another third a moderate response to treatment. Fifteen of the patients showed a marked or moderate response already within the first two weeks of treatment. 4. Only a few and transient side effects (nausea and increased sweating) were recorded and, in particular, no anticholinergic or cardiovascular side effect were observed. 5. Taking into consideration the severity of illness as well as the long and serious anamneses, these results of treatment with citalopram must be considered most satisfactory.
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PMID:Citalopram--a specific 5-HT-reuptake inhibitor--as an antidepressant drug: a phase II multicentre trail. 695 97

The survey was carried out during 1979 (September-December). The sample covered the whole Federal District and the nineteen counties of the Greater Buenos Aires with a population of 9.908.001 persons; 18.61% in F. D. and 10,24% en G.B.A. refused to answer; 3411 were interviewed. The responses to the Present State Examination (PSE) were used for case-finding. The PSE is a semistructured interview that has been extensively tested with inpatients and outpatients. It has a technique for case-defining: the index of Definition (I.D.). A set of rules were developed to allocate the profile of symptoms present in the PSE (ninth edition) to one of the eight levels of definition. The rules were incorporated in a computer program called Catego. The prevalence of cases, as defined in the study, is 26% (ID 5-8) (30.8% in the feminine population and 20.3% in the masculine). If the threshold level (5) is excluded, the rate is 10,2%. (6,9% among males and 11,9% among females). The diagnosis derived from the Catego Program, fitted descriptively with the International Classification of Diseases (chapter 5) show the 13% of the population with neurotic perturbations, specially of depressive type, 6% with affective psychosis, 4% of schizophrenic psychosis and 1,3% of paranoic states. The major associations of prevalence rates are with sex and socioeconomic level. There is a preponderance of women with high Index of Definition. Future studies must prove the relationships between disorders and sex. We think that the interdependence of being married, children at home below 14 years, having no employment, can explain the high rates in the female population. The highest levels of the Index of Definition are associated with the lowest socioeconomic levels. The analysis of data presented here suggests more detailed studies, specially on the aetiology of depression and on the relationship between women and mental disorders.
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PMID:[Prevalence of mental disorders in the metropolitan area of the Republic of Argentina]. 713 34

26 patients with affective psychoses, 11 with the unipolar and 15 with the bipolar form of the disease, 102 first-degree relatives and healthy controls matched for age and sex were examined for their platelet MAO activity. For evaluation of enzyme activity kinetic parameters as well as activities under saturation conditions were determined. The degree of depression was estimated by two standard self-rating depression scales. Intrafamilial correlation of MAO was found. MAO activities of patients did not differ from controls, and there was no consistent difference in MAO between the relatives and their controls. Neither among patients nor among relatives or controls were there indications for a relationship between MAO and the degree of depression. Reduced MAO activity cannot be regarded as a genetic marker of vulnerability to affective psychosis.
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PMID:Platelet MAO activity in patients with affective psychosis and their first-degree relatives. 725 41


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