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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence and quality of depression (Geriatric Depression scale), were studied in groups of cognitively impaired patients referred for neuropsychological assessment from a short-term assessment ward (Group A), and from long-term care wards (Group B). Cognitively intact assessment ward patients served as a comparison group (Group C) to control for effects of hospitalization on mood. The prevalence of depression did not differ for the cognitively impaired short-term assessment and long-term care groups. However, cognitively impaired patients in Group A had a higher prevalence of depression than cognitively intact patients in Group C. GDS scores did not correlate with measures of severity of cognitive impairment or of self-care disability in Groups A and B, although elevated GDS scores were significantly correlated with higher Verbal IQ scores in these groups. Analysis of individual GDS items responses suggested that depression in cognitively impaired elderly tends to be characteristic of adjustment disorder rather than Major Depression.
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PMID:Correlates of depression in cognitively impaired hospitalized elderly referred for neuropsychological assessment. 894 56

Recent studies in the literature point out that HIV-infected subjects are affected by depression with a relatively high frequency. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine for the treatment of depression in the context of HIV infection. 15 HIV-infected subjects (10 patients with a major depressive episode and 5 patients with an adjustment disorder with depressed mood, according to the DSM IV diagnostic criteria) were administered paroxetine at a daily dosage of 20 mg. Depressive symptomatology was monitored by means of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) at the time of enrollment and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks later; at the same times adverse effects were recorded. 14 patients completed the study, and all of these recovered from depression; HAM-D mean scores significantly improved from baseline to final assessment, both when all subjects were considered (ANOVA for repeated measurements: p < or = 0.0001) and when only patients with a major depressive episode were included in the statistical analysis (ANOVA for repeated measurements: p < 0.0001). No significant adverse effects were recorded. Because of its efficacy and good tolerability paroxetine seems to be suitable for the treatment of depression in the context of HIV infection.
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PMID:Efficacy of paroxetine for the treatment of depression in the context of HIV infection. 913 27

The purpose of this research was to study the prevalence, type, and psychosocial stressors associated with depression. The subjects were 81 children who came to the outpatient pediatric clinic, Chulalongkorn Hospital. There were 39 boys and 42 girls with the age range of 9.3-15.3 years. The results of the study were as follows. The prevalence of depression was 34.6 per cent. Types of depression were depressive symptoms only, 7.4 per cent; adjustment disorder with depressed mood, 17.3 per cent; dysthymia, 6.2 per cent; and major depression, 3.7 per cent. Females had more severe symptoms than males. Of the depressed group, 60.7 per cent had previous suicidal behavior compared with 20.6 per cent in the non-depressed group (p < 0.001). The rates of all psychosocial stressors were higher in the depressed group. Those with statistical significance were parental psychiatric illness, unstable living condition and history of abuse. Depressed children also experienced twice the number of psychosocial stressors compared with the non-depressed group (p < 0.01). This study shows that depression is prevalent in children with physical illnesses. It is imperative that physicians be aware of this problem especially in children who have many psychosocial stressors.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors for depression in children: an outpatient pediatric sample. 917 74

There are few psychiatric studies of serious self-injury patients admitted to general hospitals. In order to better characterize patients whose overdoses are serious enough to require hospitalization on a toxicology service, we describe 207 consecutively admitted, serious overdose patients (OD), all of whom were psychiatrically evaluated. They were compared with 53 nonoverdose self-injury cases (NO) and 79 medical/surgical patients with suicidal ideation (SI) who were routinely referred for consultation during the same 2-year period. All data were contemporaneously compiled into a computerized database and analyzed. The attempters (OD and NO) were younger than the ideation patients (SI). The OD group was predominantly female (60%) and the NO and SI groups were predominantly male (72%). More OD cases were separated and more SI cases were widowed. Similar to previous reports, prior psychiatric contact was high in all groups. DSM-III-R diagnoses of depression, adjustment disorders, and substance abuse were most common in each group, without group differences. Only borderline personality disorder distinguished the groups, and the OD group had significantly more borderline patients. There were no seasonal differences for admission dates between groups, SI cases had longer hospital lengths of stay and were least likely to require further psychiatric care after discharge from the general hospital. Attempter groups were more similar to each other than the ideation patients. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for Axis I disorders in suicidal general hospital patients, though female borderline patients are particularly associated with the serious overdose method.
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PMID:Serious overdosers admitted to a general hospital: comparison with nonoverdose self-injuries and medically ill patients with suicidal ideation. 921 89

Implantation of a permanent pacemaker requires a psychological effort on the patient's part for adaptation in the acute term, and chronically, it restricts activities of the patient and may cause some psychiatric disturbances. To investigate psychiatric morbidity and depressive symptomatology of the patients with permanent pacemakers, 84 pacemaker patients were diagnosed using the DSM-III-R criteria and depressive symptoms were determined by modified Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (mHDRS). Sixteen (19.1%) patients had been given a psychiatric diagnosis. The most frequent diagnoses were adjustment disorder (5.9%) and major depressive episode (4.7%). Nine patients (10.7%) were diagnosed as having clinical depression (mHDRS > or = 17). The mean score of mHDRS was 7.57 +/- 7.46, and the severity of depression was significantly higher in females. The most frequent symptoms are difficulties in work and activities (53.6%), psychic anxiety (48.8%), loss of energy (42.9%), and hypochondriasis and insomnia (39.3%). Depressed mood, psychic anxiety, loss of energy, loss of interest, insomnia, and hypochondriasis were significantly more frequent in females. Uneducated patients had a more significant loss of energy than educated patients. Depressed mood, psychic anxiety, and somatic concerns and symptoms were more frequent in patients with permanent pacemakers than in the general population. These symptoms, resembling mixed anxiety-depression disorder, were related to fears of having a permanent pacemaker, since our series were composed of uneducated patients who did not have enough knowledge about the device.
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PMID:Psychiatric morbidity and depressive symptomatology in patients with permanent pacemakers. 922 59

Examines the relation between depression, self-esteem, sex, and age to determine if the previously reported associations between these variables in nonreferred samples remain consistent in a sample of clinically referred patients. Two hundred thirty-six participants between the ages of 6 and 17 years were included. All were consecutive referrals to an outpatient child and adolescent mood disorders program. Eighty-four percent met the criteria for at least 1 depressive disorder from the third and revised edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (major depressive disorder, dysthymia, both, depression NOS, or adjustment disorder with depressive mood). In keeping with previous reports, the data indicate an inverse relation between age and self-esteem and an even stronger inverse relation between depression and self-esteem. However, there was no evidence for a sex difference for self-esteem, alone or interactively with age. The implications of these findings in relation to the importance of self-esteem in depressed youth are discussed.
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PMID:Depression, self-esteem, sex, and age in a child and adolescent clinical sample. 929 86

Depression was examined in 45 patients evaluated within 2 months of diagnosis of MS. At the time of testing, 40% of the MS sample met the diagnostic criteria for major depression, 22% had adjustment disorder with depressed mood and 37% showed no evidence of mood disorder. Personal and family history of depression in patients with MS was also examined and compared with a sample of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) who were matched for age, gender, marital and employment status and current level of depression. Fifty-two per cent of patients with MS reported experiencing a depressive episode before the onset of MS compared with 17% of patients with CLBP (P < 0.001). Sixteen patients with MS (35%) reported family history (parent or sibling) of treatment for depression compared with seven (15%) of patients with CLBP (P < 0.05). MS patients with a history of depression reported more initial symptoms than MS patients without a history of depression. Clinical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
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PMID:Depression before and after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. 934 60

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between suicidal ideation or suicidal attempts and severity of depression, presence of personality disorders, and sociodemographic factors in a population of depressed in-patients. A total of 338 adult depressed psychiatric in-patients were examined and classified according to DSM-III criteria as having major depression with or without melancholic or psychotic features, adjustment disorder with depressed mood or dysthymic disorder. Scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Zung Self-Rating Depression and Anxiety Scales (SDS and SAS) were measured. We found that suicidal ideation was significantly related to severity of depression (according to the HDRS and all self-rating scales), a lower global assessment of functioning the year before hospitalization, and previous psychiatric hospitalizations. The items with the strongest predictive value for suicidal ideation were hopelessness, depressed mood, feelings of guilt, loss of interest and low self-esteem. These symptoms predicted 43% of the variance in suicidal ideation. None of the above predictors of suicidal ideation was related to suicidal attempts. Depressed patients with a personality disorder attempted significantly more suicidal attempts and showed more suicidal ideation than depressed patients without personality disorder. No significant correlations were found between suicidal ideation or suicide attempts and gender, marital status, employment status or psychosocial stressors during the previous 6 months.
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PMID:The prediction of suicidal intent in depressed patients. 935 Sep 53

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a topic of increasing public concern. Several conditions have been described in patients who are afraid that they have acquired AIDS, including depression, somatization disorders, hypochondriasis, adjustment disorders and various psychoses. This paper presents a case study of a young man with persistent fear of having AIDS. In spite of negative HIV test results, the patient still insisted that he suffered from AIDS. The psychiatric diagnosis was major depressive disorder with delusion of having AIDS. The patient was treated with fluoxetine 40 mg qd and sulpiride 400 mg qn. After two weeks on medication, his fear of AIDS subsided and he improved remarkably. The most important intervention in patients with delusion of having AIDS is to identify and treat the underlying psychopathology. The following case is representative of our experience.
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PMID:Major depressive disorder with delusion of having AIDS: a case report. 941 56

Depression and distress have in common hypercortisolism, a high turn-over of cerebral monoamines and a wide clinical variability. Results of a clinical open trial with pivagabine (4-[(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropyl) amino]butanoic acid, CAS 69542-93-4, Tonerg) on 22 young patients affected by dysthymic disorders and on 38 older patients affected by adjustment disorders following different stressors (mourning, retirement and recovery in institutions of assistance) are reported. Oral treatment with 1800 mg pivagabine lasting 30 days showed in both groups a significant improvement of the psychic state with variations from 50 to 80% of the criteria reported in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS) and for anxiety (HARS) and in the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Good tolerance of the drug and the complete absence of serious side effects considerably contributed to the clinical success.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of pivagabine in the treatment of mood and adjustment disorders. 945 Jan 58


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