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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data were collected on the point and lifetime prevalences, 1-year incidence, and comorbidity of depression with other disorders (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [3rd ed., rev.]) in a randomly selected sample (n = 1,710) of high school students at point of entry and at 1-year follow-up (n = 1,508). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children was used to collect diagnostic information; 9.6% met criteria for a current disorder, more than 33% had experienced a disorder over their lifetimes, and 31.7% of the latter had experienced a second disorder. High relapse rates were found for all disorders, especially for unipolar depression (18.4%) and substance use (15.0%). Female subjects had significantly higher rates at all age levels for unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and adjustment disorders; male subjects had higher rates of disruptive behavior disorders.
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PMID:Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III-R disorders in high school students. 843 89

Psychogenic dizziness is defined as recurring or persistent symptoms of balance dysfunction, inconsistent with organic vestibular disease as determined by history, clinical examination and pertinent investigations, and consistent with emotional origin. Of 1,335 patients seen in our dizziness clinic between January 1988 and August 1991, psychogenic dizziness was diagnosed in 180 (13.5%) patients. There were 67 men and 113 women aged from 12 to 77 years (mean age 40.2 years). The characteristics of psychogenic dizziness are: (1) continuous dizziness for long periods of time; (2) younger patients; (3) predominant female; (4) associated symptoms of panic attack, such as headache, breathlessness, nausea, sleep disturbance, paresthesias, anxiety and palpitation; (5) symptoms of aggravation due to stressful life events; (6) normal neurotological bedside examination; (7) hyperventilation reproduced accurately. The electronystagmographic results of 74 patients show normal bithermal caloric responses in 47 patients (63.5%), caloric hyperactivity in 21 patients (28.4%), canal paresis in four patients (5.4%), canal paresis with directional preponderance in two patients (2.7%), large random voluntary eye swings or severe blinking in 35 patients (47.3%), and spontaneous nystagmus (slow phase velocity < 6.5 degrees/s) in four patients (5.4%). There were 31 patients who consulted psychiatrists with diagnoses of anxiety (51.6%), depression (16.1%), insomnia (12.9%), psychosomatic disorder and adjustment disorder. Treatment of patients with psychogenic dizziness must be directed at the underlying anxiety. Psychiatric consultation is necessary.
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PMID:[Psychogenic dizziness]. 848 48

Prior literature suggests that length of stay (LOS) on medical inpatient units is increased by the coexistence of depression and physical illness. The present study examined 532 psychiatric inpatient admissions to determine if physical illness increased LOS for patients grouped by diagnostic categories of psychosis, depression, personality disorder, anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder (not depressed), and other psychiatric disorders. LOS for depressed patients was significantly longer for those with any physical final diagnosis (mean = 20.08 days) than for depressed patients with no physical diagnosis (mean = 11.48 days). LOS was also longer for all patients with physical diagnoses (mean = 19.31 days) than all patients with no physical diagnosis (mean = 13.13 days). No other specific diagnostic group (psychosis, personality disorder, and so forth) showed significant differences in LOS for any associated physical illness vs no physical illness. The study results tend to indicate that physical illness is associated with increased LOS for depressed psychiatric patients but not for other specific diagnostic groups. Depressed patients may 1) mask physical illness by depression-generated physical complaints; 2) prioritize mood symptoms over physical symptoms; and/or 3) may suffer from feelings of hopelessness or be pessimistic that their physical symptoms will be effectively treated and, therefore, not report their physical symptoms.
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PMID:Impact of the interaction of depression and physical illness on a psychiatric unit's length of stay. 852 45

The activities of a consultation-liaison psychiatry service to general medical units in a university affiliated suburban teaching hospital are described, with a report from the MICRO-CARES clinical database on 165 consecutive referrals over a 12 month period. The referral rate was 4.2% of admissions. The data confirm the association of psychiatric referral and prolonged length of hospital stay (mean of 18 days for referred patients, 9 days for non-referred patients). The most common reasons for referral were depression, suicide risk evaluation, organic brain syndrome and suspected psychological component to illness. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were Mood Disorders (55%), Organic Mental Disorders (35%), Adjustment Disorders (19%), Somatoform and other Somatic Disorders (16%) and Personality Disorders (15%). Although 67% of patients received at least one confirmed diagnosis, 39% of all diagnoses remained "differential", or unconfirmed, at discharge. Concordance with drug recommendations was 97% and with non-drug recommendations 95%. Two groups of patients were prominent among the referrals: the young self-poisoning patient, and the older patient living alone. The issues involved in providing a liaison psychiatry service to general medical units with these characteristics are described.
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PMID:Consultation-liaison psychiatry in general medical units. 857 45

We conducted a study to demonstrate the frequency and types of psychiatric/psychological symptoms. A Structured Interview according to the DSM-III-R was conducted which demonstrated that 46 (41.4%) of 111 rehabilitation inpatients met the criteria for some forms of psychiatric disorders: 34 patients for major depression, 10 for adjustment disorder with anxious mood, and 2 for posttraumatic stress disorder. The remaining 65 patients (58.6%) showed normal reactions to their diseases. Average length of hospital stay for patients with major depression was significantly longer than those with no or the other types of psychiatric disease. They were also tested with Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Profile of Mood States (POMS). Three psychological tests were useful in detecting depression or adjustment disorder among rehabilitation patients; however, these tests are not always specific to the type of psychiatric disorders. Patients with higher scores in those three tests should be referred to a psychiatric consultant for detailed examinations and proper treatments, if necessary.
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PMID:Psychiatric evaluation of physical rehabilitation patients. 871 4

We assessed the descriptive validity of DSM-III-R major depression (MDD), dysthymia (DD) and adjustment disorder with depressed mood (ADDM) by comparing the clinical profiles of 176 young male patients. The severity of depression increased progressively across the three diagnostic groups (ADDM < DD < MDD). Symptom presentation did not distinguish clearly between the diagnostic groups, even though somatic symptoms were more frequent among MDD patients. The prevalence of personality disorders was much higher (43%) among DD patients than among MDD (22%) and ADDM (15%) patients. The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts differed in the three diagnostic groups (MDD 27%, DD 17%, ADDM 4%). Assessment of Axis II comorbidity and suicidal behavior can improve the diagnostic distinction between these DSM-III-R depressive illnesses.
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PMID:Symptom profile, Axis II comorbidity and suicidal behaviour in young males with DSM-III-R depressive illnesses. 882 24

Half of all cancer patients have a psychiatric disorder, usually an adjustment disorder with depression. Anxiety about illness, such as cancer, often leads to delay in diagnosis, which has been estimated to reduce prospects of long-term cancer survival by 10% to 20%. Although earlier studies showed that depressed individuals were at higher risk for cancer incidence, later studies have not confirmed this predictive relationship. Nonetheless, effective psychotherapeutic treatment for depression has been found to affect the course of cancer. Psychotherapy for medically ill patients results in reduced anxiety and depression, and often pain reduction. In three randomised studies, psychotherapy resulted in longer survival time for patients with breast cancer (18 months), lymphoma, and malignant melanoma. The physiological mechanisms for these findings have not yet been determined, but four fundamental possibilities for psychotherapeutic effects on physiological change include health maintenance behaviour, health-care utilisation, endocrine environment, and immune function. Thus, effective treatment of depression in cancer patients results in better patient adjustment, reduced symptoms, reduced cost of care, and may influence disease course. The treatment of depression in these patients may be considered a part of medical as well as psychiatric treatment.
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PMID:Cancer and depression. 886 56

This study examined the relationship between psychiatric conditions and narcissism in 78 patients with physical rehabilitation for illnesses such as cerebrovascular disease. The frequency of psychiatric disorders (Major Depression and Adjustment Disorder) was significantly higher for the patient group than for the healthy control group. The patients had significantly higher scores on measures of psychiatric symptoms including depression and lower scores on a narcissistic factor (Self-sufficiency) than the controls. In the patient group, the Self-sufficiency scores were significantly and positively correlated with Vigor scores. In the patient and control groups, although the correlation coefficient was not high and no significant difference was noted, the Self-sufficiency scores were negatively correlated with the Depression scores. These findings suggest that, in patients undergoing physical rehabilitation, poor Self-sufficiency is related to a decrease in vigor as a depressive symptom, perhaps due to the loss of physical functioning.
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PMID:Relationship between narcissistic tendencies and psychiatric conditions in patients undergoing physical rehabilitation. 890 11

The occurrence of a sports-related adjustment disorder can inhibit optimum athletic performance and scholastic achievement and impair the overall functioning of athletes. Physicians and trainers caring for athletic teams must maintain an acute awareness of the athlete's mental and physical well-being to detect subtle signs of a mood or psychological disturbance. The case of the collegiate basketball player discussed here exemplifies the subtle presentation and stages of an adjustment disorder with the predominant manifestation of depression mixed with anxiety and disordered conduct. This player's lack of participation in practice and game play led to a distorted view of his self-worth, which slowly eroded his ability to play basketball, attend classes, and enjoy previously pleasurable activities.
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PMID:Recognition of adjustment disorder in college athletes: a case study. 892 69

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) driven by external sources and capable of sustaining life over weeks to months as a bridge to heart transplantation have been implanted in over 300 patients in the United States. Because of the limited availability of organs for transplantation, the remarkable degree to which LVADs reverse end-organ dysfunction, and patient acceptance, proposals for home LVAD treatment and for use of the LVAD as a permanent treatment for heart failure are being considered. LVAD therapy is associated with characteristic psychiatric and psychosocial problems, however, which must be addressed to optimize results. Among the first 30 LVAD patients treated at our center, psychiatric interventions were frequently required for family stress, major depression, organic mental syndromes, and serious adjustment disorders. Psychiatric problems most often occurred in patients with ongoing medical complications following LVAD implantation, and often significantly impaired rehabilitation. Both depression and organic mental syndromes were frequently associated with preexisting cerebrovascular disease, which was sometimes occult, and with strokes complicating LVAD therapy. Aggressive treatment of depression played a major role in improving functional status. LVADs may decompress heart transplant waiting lists and make it possible to optimize patients' physiological and functional status before transplantation. With increased LVAD use, however, neuropsychiatric factors can be expected to play a large role in determining quality of life and outcome both before and after heart transplantation.
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PMID:Left ventricular assist devices. Psychosocial burden and implications for heart transplant programs. 893 21


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