Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

TRH-induced thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) responses were investigated together with a dexamethasone suppression test in female psychiatric inpatients with major melancholic depression (n = 21), schizophrenic disorder (n = 20), alcohol dependence (n = 11), and adjustment disorder with predominantly depressed mood (n = 13), as well as in 15 healthy women. Abnormal responses for all four endocrine variables were noted most frequently in melancholia; however, a significant number of the non-depressed patients also had abnormal hormonal responses in the individual test. The association of two or three abnormalities proved to be quite specific for the melancholic group. There were no statistically significant differences in TRH-induced TSH responses among the patient subgroups. Non-suppression of cortisol after dexamethasone was associated with blunted TSH-responses only in melancholia. There was a tendency for non-suppressor schizophrenics to show more abnormal GH-responses to TRH administration.
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PMID:Associations among dexamethasone non-suppression and TRH-induced hormonal responses: increased specificity for melancholia? 309 67

Contrasting the classification systems ICD-9 and DSM-III-R, a comparison of diagnoses for unipolar depressive disorders is presented from a sample of 168 psychiatric outpatients. A relatively clear correspondence existed between ICD-9 endogenous depression and DSM-III-R major depression. Neurotic depression (ICD-9) divided into either dysthymia or major depression in DSM-III-R. A generally greater variety of corresponding ICD-9 diagnoses was observed for DSM-III-R categories, since patients with eating disorders, alcohol or drug dependence, or with neuroses other than depressive type often received an additional specific DSM-III-R diagnosis for depression. For ICD-9 diagnostics, a decreased threshold was found for diagnosing depressive reaction, as compared with the equivalent DSM-III-R diagnosis of adjustment disorder with depressed mood. A new technique is introduced in order to adjust corresponding proportions according to base rate differences.
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PMID:Divergence and convergence of diagnoses for depression between ICD-9 and DSM-III-R. 321 19

There is thought to be a high incidence of depression in intensive care units (ICUs), both as a result of the psychological toll of serious illness and threat to life as well as the physiologic derangements caused by illnesses and treatments. The authors outline a strategy to classify ICU depressions into major depressive illness, adjustment disorders, dysthymic disorder, or organic affective syndrome. Other psychiatric disturbances which may simulate depression are also discussed. A summary of environmental, behavioral, psychotherapeutic, and psychopharmacologic treatments for these disorders and their special application in the ICU setting is presented. The limitations and precautions with antidepressant drugs in this clinical site are reviewed.
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PMID:Depression in intensive care units. 331 77

A model for the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and facial pain in children is presented. Emphasis is placed on systematic assessment of physical, psychologic, and behavioral factors when conservative medical therapy is inadequate for symptom relief. The model represents a multidisciplinary approach to patient care which is described through case presentations. The results of research on the incidence of primary psychopathology in 53 children and 322 adults evaluated during a 3-year period for temporomandibular joint dysfunction and facial pain are also presented. It was found that children were more likely to be psychiatrically impaired (25%) than adults (7%). Children had a variety of psychiatric diagnoses including depression, conversion and adjustment disorders, overanxious behavior, and anorexia nervosa. The benefits of a multidisciplinary approach are discussed in terms of the efficacy of this coordinated treatment effort in ameliorating symptoms.
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PMID:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and facial pain in children: an approach to diagnosis and treatment. 365 76

Fifty-three percent of 133 consecutive young suicides had a principal psychiatric diagnosis of substance abuse. Twenty-four percent had an additional principal diagnosis of atypical depression, atypical psychosis, or adjustment disorder with depression. The relationship of the substance abuse to the additional diagnosis was usually obscure, though this subgroup was similar to the group with only substance abuse on a number of factors. Typically, substance abuse was a chronic condition present for nine years. Multiple substance abuse was the norm in these cases, and marijuana, alcohol, and cocaine were the most frequently abused substances. Substance abusers without other principal diagnoses received psychiatric care less frequently than those with additional principal diagnoses.
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PMID:San Diego Suicide Study. II. Substance abuse in young cases. 375 61

There are five categories of psychiatric disorders in DSM-III that embrace depressive moods: adjustment disorder with depressed mood (group 1), bipolar depression (group 2), major depression (group 3), dysthymic disorder (group 4), and atypical depression (group 5). A large sample of patients seen in a metropolitan university psychiatric referral center, with these categories as primary diagnoses in axis I, constitute the subjects studied (N = 2988). The study includes a comparison of the cross-sectional clinical properties of these patients, including an inventory of psychopathological symptoms, entries in axes II to V (i.e., as described in DSM-III, plus a sixth axis measuring current adjustment) and immediate dispositions rendered by clinicians. This study addresses the descriptive validity of DSM-III diagnostic categories of depression. A clustering of depressions based on a continuum of severity is uncovered as well as unique features of certain subtypes that point to categorical aspects of DSM-III mood disorders. The nature and implication of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Descriptive validity of DSM-III depressions. 376 Aug 47

Two hundred and eighty-three chronic pain patients, consecutive admissions to the Comprehensive Pain Center of the University of Miami School of Medicine, received an extensive psychiatric evaluation based upon the American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) criteria and flowsheets. All patients received the following type of diagnoses: DSM-III axis I; DSM-III axis II, and personality type. The distribution of assigned diagnoses for the entire patient sample was reviewed and a statistical comparison between male and female patients was performed with regards to the prevalence of each diagnosis. Anxiety syndromes and depression of various diagnostic types were the most frequently assigned axis I diagnoses with over half the patient sample receiving each of these diagnoses. Males were significantly overrepresented in the axis I diagnoses of intermittent explosive disorders, adjustment disorders with work inhibitions, and alcohol abuse and other drug dependence, while females were significantly overrepresented in disorders of current depression of various diagnostic types and somatization disorders. 58.4% of the patients fulfilled criteria for axis II personality disorder diagnoses. The most frequently personality disorders found in the patient group were dependent (17.4%), passive aggressive (14.9%), and histrionic (11.7%). Males were significantly overrepresented in paranoid and narcissistic disorders while females were overrepresented in histrionic disorder. The most frequent personality types found in the patient group were compulsive (24.5%) and dependent (10.6%). All personality types were similarly distributed between the sexes. The results of the present study were compared to a previous study of DSM-III diagnoses in chronic pain patients and are discussed in terms of the prevalence of DSM-III diagnoses in the general population. Questions are raised as to the applicability of certain DSM-III diagnoses in the chronic pain population.
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PMID:Male and female chronic pain patients categorized by DSM-III psychiatric diagnostic criteria. 376 32

The amount of depressive symptomatology in the medical population is high. Most of the symptomatology is, however, mild and probably represents an adjustment disorder with depression as a result of illness and hospitalization. Routine screening for depression in the hospitalized medically ill patient appears to be useful, given poor physician recognition of not only mild, but severe depressive symptomatology. Affective and cognitive symptoms of depression are the most discriminating for severe depression. Patients with bone and connective tissue disease, gastrointestinal disease, neurological disease, respiratory disease, and cancer appear to be the groups of diseases at greatest risk for serious depression in a tertiary care setting in the United States.
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PMID:Depression in the hospitalized inpatient with various medical illnesses. 378 46

This open study attempts to evaluate the usefulness of objective diagnostic tests in the child and adolescent age group. Fifty-eight children admitted to a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric service were administered the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) or both. Rates of DST non-suppression were significantly elevated in children with major affective disorders (10/12) and in children suffering from adjustment disorders (3/18). Children with major depressions and conduct disorders both showed elevated scores on the CDI (p less than 0.025), and these two groups did not significantly differ from each other on this measure. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
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PMID:The dexamethasone suppression test and the Children's Depression Inventory in psychiatric disorders in children. 381 50

This article has reviewed clinical and demographic features of the primary anxiety disorders and other psychiatric and medical disorders that often are associated with anxiety symptoms, highlighting differential diagnosis. In summary, phobic disorders (exogenous anxiety) are characterized by anxiety reliably elicited by specific environmental stimuli; the stimuli involved determine which type of phobia is diagnosed. In contrast, panic attacks and generalized anxiety (endogenous anxiety) involve symptoms of anxiety not associated only with specific eliciting stimuli. Panic disorder is differentiated from generalized anxiety disorder by the presence of discrete attacks; both disorders usually have some level of persistent anxiety. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by recurrent unwanted but irresistible thoughts and the ritualized repetitive acts resulting from these obsessions, in the absence of preexisting psychosis or depression. Finally, posttraumatic stress disorder involves various anxiety (and other) symptoms as a direct result of an obvious stressor. Depressive symptoms are frequently associated with anxiety. It is sometimes impossible to determine which is the primary disorder. Overlap of syndromes probably also occurs with other primary psychiatric disorders, especially somatoform disorders, adjustment disorder with anxious mood, and several personality disorders. Finally, primary anxiety can be confused with several medical syndromes, especially when the medical disorder has not been recognized. Nevertheless, research with patients with pheochromocytoma suggests that medical causes of anxiety may be qualitatively different from primary anxiety disorders, especially the psychic anxiety component. Attention to the clinical and demographic features listed in Table 4, as well as the use of newly-developed structured diagnostic interviews should usually lead to a correct diagnosis, as illustrated by the following examples. The onset of a fear of public speaking in mid-adolescence suggests an uncomplicated social phobia, whereas the onset in the mid-twenties of several social and other situational anxieties in a person with a previous history of panic attacks would be strongly suggestive of the panic-agoraphobia syndrome. The new onset of generalized anxiety symptoms and depression in a 45-year-old patient who has had a previous significant depression would suggest that this person's anxiety is part of, and secondary to, the affective disorder and not a primary anxiety disorder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The differential diagnosis of anxiety. Psychiatric and medical disorders. 388 37


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