Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of men with AIDS who chose to follow a macrobiotic regimen as an alternative form of therapy was studied for the possible influence of psychological factors on their clinical progression. In this group, men with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) had an estimated survival time of 60% at 3 years. Moreover, there was a tendency for lymphocyte number to increase during the first 3 years following diagnosis with KS. A subset of eight of these men with KS and one man with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) agreed to fill out a battery of psychological questionnaires. The results suggest low levels of fatigue, negative affect, and confusion, but high levels of vigor in this subgroup. Additionally, there was significant positive associations of CD4 positive lymphocyte numbers with trait curiosity and hardiness scores and significant negative associations with anxiety and depression. Mitogen responsiveness followed a similar pattern, but only a positive association with curiosity reached significance. Caution has to be used in interpreting such data, especially in view of the size of the sample and the complexity of the cohort. Nonetheless, these findings clearly suggest the need for prospective studies on the influence of psychological factors on the progression of AIDS.
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PMID:Psychological and immunological associations in men with AIDS pursuing a macrobiotic regimen as an alternative therapy: a pilot study. 279 Feb 32

In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) the pulmonary opportunistic infections are due to the depression of cellular immunity and they are found in more than 50% of patients. Most frequently the infection is due to Pneumocystis carinii, Cytomegalovirus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. Non-opportunistic infections in AIDS are mostly due to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Legionella pneumophila. In Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS the lungs may be involved into pulmonary manifestations of the syndrome. In this paper the diagnostics of pulmonary disturbances in AIDS is briefly evaluated together with the therapy of most frequent pulmonary infections.
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PMID:[Pulmonary manifestations in patients with AIDS]. 279 62

This paper describes a method of psychosocial counseling that was used with HIV-infected patients in Lusaka, Zambia between February to August 1987 which aims to enable HIV patients to avoid behaviors that would damage their own health, minimize further HIV transmission, and prolong period of asymptomatic infection and life expectancy. The study population was composed of 130 patients (either asymptomatic, with AIDS-related complex or AIDS). The protocol included providing patients with factual information about HIV infection, understanding the concept of their illness, teaching the need to change sexual behavior, reduce alcohol intake, prevent stress, and adjust to family changes. Although all the patients stated that they had heard about AIDS, more than 90% and 60%, respectively, do not have any knowledge regarding the symptoms and mode of transmission. Moreover, promiscuity was found to be associated with excessive alcohol consumption, which was reduced because of illness. Reactions to HIV diagnosis during the second counseling session include denial, anger or fear, bargaining and depression, and acceptance and resignation. In conclusion, counseling helps HIV patients to behave in ways that could delay progression of the disease and reduce transmission. It could also help them cope better with their situation.
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PMID:Psychosocial counselling of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Lusaka, Zambia. 221 27

A 4-year-old FeLV-positive cat with a 1-year history of intermittent diarrhea and subsequent anorexia, depression, and weight loss had enteric cryptosporidiosis at necropsy. Cryptosporidium sp is an important cause of gastroenteritis and diarrhea in various species, including human beings with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A major determinant of the severity of the disease caused by Cryptosporidium sp is the immunologic status of the affected animal. Cryptosporidiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of protracted diarrhea in FeLV-positive cats. Because cryptosporidiosis now is recognized as a zoonosis, cats with this disease should be considered a potential source of human infection.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in a feline leukemia virus-positive cat. 282 11

This is a review of the current knowledge of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) associated with immune depression observed in cats. It will focus on the clinical and experimental observations associated with feline retroviral infection and presence in vivo and in vitro. We will briefly describe retroviral-associated acquired immune deficiency syndrome associated with FeLV infection in the cat and specific cellular pathology associated with FeLV latency. In addition, we will focus on the action of FeLV-p15E in vitro and describe possible mechanisms of the FeLV-associated immunosuppression observed both in vivo and in vitro. Lastly, we will evaluate the current status of immunoprevention of FeLV. We will not attempt an in-depth analysis of the current literature; our focus is to review current findings as they relate to feline AIDS and immunotherapy.
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PMID:Feline leukemia virus: current status of the feline induced immune depression and immunoprevention. 282 30

We have recently shown that phosphorothioate (PS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) analogs, unlike their normal congeners, exhibit significant anti-HIV activity (Matsukura et al., (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 7706-7710). We now report the syntheses, melting temperatures (Tm), and nuclease susceptibilities of a series of phosphorothioate ODN analogs. These include all-PS duplexes, duplexes with one normal chain and the other chain either all-PS, or end-capped with several PS groups at both 3' and 5' ends. The DNase susceptibilities of the S-ODNs are much less than the normal phosphodiesters, but by contrast duplexes of poly-rA with S-dT40 are much more susceptible to RNase H digestion. The Tm's for AT base pairs of S-ODNs are significantly depressed relative to normals, while GC base pairs show much less Tm depression. The Tm's of S-dT oligomers with poly-rA are reduced relative to the duplexes with normal dA oligomers. These results have significance for the biological properties of these analogs as anti-message inhibitors of gene expression, and provide a rational basis for the S-dC/G sequences as potential effective anti-AIDS agents.
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PMID:Physicochemical properties of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. 283 90

In a 6-week clinical trial 4 dose regimens of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), a thymidine analogue with potent anti-viral activity against HTLV-III in vitro, were examined in 19 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC). AZT was given intravenously for 2 weeks, then orally for 4 weeks at twice the intravenous dose. AZT was well absorbed from the gut and crossed the blood-brain barrier. Therapeutic levels were maintained with 5 mg given intravenously or 10 mg given orally every 4 h. Treatment was not limited by side-effects, the commonest of which were headaches and depression of white-cell counts. 15 of the 19 patients had increases in their numbers of circulating helper-inducer T lymphocytes (p less than 0.001) during therapy, 6 who were anergic at entry showed positive delayed type hypersensitivity skin test reactions during treatment, 2 had clearance of chronic fungal nailbed infections without specific anti-fungal therapy, 6 had other evidence of clinical improvement, and the group as a whole had a weight gain of 2.2 kg. Also, with the highest dose regimen cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for HTLV III became negative.
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PMID:Administration of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, an inhibitor of HTLV-III/LAV replication, to patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. 286 2

A large percentage of patients with blood transfusion related AIDS received their transfusion during cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. We hypothesized that the procedure of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery might be associated with severe immune dysregulation and hence predispose this group in particular to the acquisition of blood transfusion transmitted AIDS. T-cell subset enumeration and their ratio (T4/T8) and T-cell function (local GVH reaction) were serially studied before, during, and 1 and 6 days after surgery in 15 patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring CPB, in 10 patients undergoing cancer resections (CA), and 11 patients without cancer undergoing elective, non-cardiac general surgical procedures (GEN). Compared to the preoperative values, a significant decline (p less than 0.002) in T4/T8 ratios occurred during CPB (1.63 +/- 0.80 vs 2.55 +/- 0.95), during CA (1.26 +/- 0.71 vs 1.81 +/- 0.72), and during GEN procedures (1.18 +/- 0.59 vs 1.64 +/- 0.68). T4, T8, and T4/T8 ratios returned to preoperative values in both the CA and GEN groups by the first postoperative day; in contrast, T4/T8 ratios remained significantly depressed (p less than 0.05) in CPB patients on the first and also on the sixth postoperative days when compared to preoperative values. This sustained depression in T4/T8 ratios is attributable to a significant increase in the proportion of T8 (suppressor cell) subset in the CPB patients which persisted through the sixth postoperative day. In contrast, in CA and GEN, the proportion of T8 subset returned to the preoperative level by the sixth postoperative day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Protracted severe immune dysregulation induced by cardiopulmonary bypass: a predisposing etiologic factor in blood transfusion-related AIDS? 288 27

Mononuclear leukocytes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative and -seropositive homosexual men lysed HIV-infected U937 cells to a significantly greater degree than uninfected U937 cells. Depletion of cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies and complement indicated that the effector cells were primarily of the CD16+ phenotype. Acid-stable alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) production induced by the HIV-infected cells correlated with, although was not an absolute requisite for, preferential lysis of the infected targets. The activity of these CD16+, natural killer (NK) cells decreased in relation to the duration of HIV infection and the presence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pretreatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-seronegative subjects, but not HIV-seropositive men, with IFN-alpha or recombinant interleukin-2 enhanced lysis of both uninfected and HIV-infected U937 cells. These results suggest that IFN-alpha-associated, NK-like mechanisms are active in the cytotoxic response against HIV-infected cells and that HIV infection results in an early and progressive depression of such responses. Prospective investigations may be useful in determining the role of this NK cell response in the natural history and pathogenesis of HIV infection and the efficacy of therapeutic modalities.
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PMID:Association of alpha interferon production with natural killer cell lysis of U937 cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 291 35

Psychiatric symptoms among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be functional reactions to contracting a fatal and stigmatizing disease or may be secondary to malignancies and opportunistic infections in the central nervous system (CNS). More recent evidence indicates that HTLV-III, the virus that causes AIDS, directly infects the CNS and may cause psychiatric symptoms before signs of immunodeficiency, cognitive impairment, or neurological abnormalities emerge. AIDS-related organic mental syndromes may mimic functional disorders such as chronic mild depression and acute psychosis. Both of these common presentations are illustrated with detailed case reports, and diagnostic and management guidelines are provided.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric manifestations of AIDS-spectrum disorders. 300 46


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