Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, 16 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection developed the disease. All belonged to populations at risk for AIDS (15 were intravenous drug abusers). Five patients fulfilled the criteria for full-blown AIDS, and two more fulfilled them after diagnosis of leishmaniasis. All presented with the classic manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis, but leishmania serology was negative in 15 patients (93%). Leishmania donovani amastigotes were identified in the bone marrow in all cases. Most patients responded initially to treatment with pentavalent antimonial drugs, but seven (43%) followed a chronic course, with multiple relapses in five, despite alternative treatments. Visceral leishmaniasis occurred in patients with different levels of depression of the CD4 to CD8 lymphocyte ratio. Mortality was 37% (six patients) and was independent of the chronic-relapsing course of the disease. In no case was leishmaniasis the primary cause of death. Our data establish that visceral leishmaniasis is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients, and we suggest that in endemic areas it should be considered an indicator disease for the diagnosis of AIDS.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) as an opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in Spain. 210 72

Since the first case of AIDS in the United Kingdom was described in 1981 (1), there have been up to October 1988, 1794 AIDS cases reported, of whom 965 are dead and 8794 individuals known to be Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive (2). In fact the actual number of seropositive individuals is likely to be far greater than this figure. A recent study of an HIV seropositive cohort suggests that the majority of individuals infected with HIV will eventually develop AIDS (3). Most of the cases in the U.K. have occurred in homo- or bisexual men, and the pattern of disease in the U.K. closely follows that of the epidemic in the United States. The association between AIDS and infection with HIV was demonstrated in 1983-4 (4,5) and HIV induced damage to the immune system with profound depression of cell mediated immunity is responsible for many of the manifestations of this extraordinary new disease (6). As the lung is the most frequently affected organ in AIDS (7), and as case numbers are likely to increase in the U.K., if the epidemic trend continues, Respiratory Physicians in the U.K. will be increasingly involved in the management of these patients. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the diagnostic problems encountered in AIDS patients with lung disease.
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PMID:Diagnostic problems in AIDS and the lung. 268 52

A Caucasian male contracted acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) following a blood transfusion during heart surgery. Four years later he developed dizziness, dysequilibrium, and emotional disturbances. Neurotologic evaluation implicated central vestibular and auditory dysfunction. Electronystagmographic findings showed ataxic pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus, with a total loss of caloric excitability. The auditory brain stem response indicated delayed absolute and interpeak latencies, and the synthetic sentence identification test yielded abnormally reduced scores bilaterally. Psychological tests suggested organic brain disease with severe anxiety and depression. At autopsy, the AIDS retrovirus was found in mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells in the cortical and subcortical gray matter, cerebral and cerebellar white matter, and throughout the brain stem. Pathologic changes were consistent with the patient's neurotologic profile.
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PMID:Neurotologic findings of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 272 32

Mandatory testing for AIDS is controversial. Such screening has been suggested for prisoners, immigrants, prostitutes, military personnel, and persons contemplating marriage or pregnancy. Quarantining and even tatooing have also been recommended for persons with AIDS. The advent of mass testing raises the issues of (1) proper allocation of scarce AIDS resources; (2) the need for confidentiality of examination reports; (3) the value of this assessment without the existence of a definitive treatment; (4) the possibility of both false positive and false negative results; and (5) the provision of counseling for people with positive testing. Other concerns involve public health needs versus individual rights, and the confidentiality of the doctor-patient relationship. Past epidemics serve as paradigms for the role of mandatory screening and quarantine in a public health crisis. As testing for AIDS is expanded, anticipate that adverse reactions such as panic, depression, grief, compulsive behavior, and suicide attempts will increase. The physician must provide counsel on such matters as "safe sex" practices, avoidance of needle sharing, and early warning signs of AIDS and ARC.
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PMID:What about mandatory AIDS testing? 272 20

This article reports the case of a 28 year-old female presenting to a psychiatric inpatient unit with depression and a history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although medical assessment was negative for AIDS, psychiatric evaluation and psychological testing were consistent with a presentation of factitious disorder. This case illustrates the need to be on the alert for individuals admitted to psychiatric units who report they have AIDS or its related conditions.
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PMID:Factitious AIDS in a psychiatric inpatient. 273 76

A brief characterization of 27 neurologic syndromes occurring in 44 AIDS patients during two years is presented. In 4 out of 7, intrathecal Ig synthesis was demonstrated without the CSF cell count and blood brain barrier values being within a normal range. Ig intrathecal formation was also observed in 2 LAS patients without neurological symptoms. Similar changes in CSF findings occur in other subacute encephalitis, particularly in multiple sclerosis. Activation of CSF B-cells or their depression due to impairment of CD8 T-lymphocytes was indicated as the cause of this phenomenon. In the Authors' opinion this explanation is somewhat general. The possibility of an immune response in CNS was clearly demonstrated, but in the CSF neither B-cells nor Ig producing plasma cells are evident. In addition, it should be noted that the reliability of blood brain barrier and Ig intrathecal assessment procedures is doubtful in ADC disease, because of the severe alterations in serum albumin and Ig concentrations seen in these patients.
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PMID:Cerebral spinal fluid IgG production in HIV-positive patients. 274 Jun 4

Four patients with solid genito-urinary tumors and HIV 1 infection have been treated in our institution over the last 2 years, including 2 with seminoma, 1 with renal adenocarcinoma and 1 with renal angiosarcoma. All had severely impaired immunity with a low CD4 level. Three had or developed a true AIDS syndrome according to the WHO and CDC criteria (1988). The remaining patient was seropositive and died less than 3 months following the diagnosis of renal angiosarcoma, he is the first reported case of renal sarcoma in a patient infected with HIV 1. Two patients were homosexuals and the other 2 were drug addicts. Along with other reported cases, our cases may underline the association between depression of immunity due to HIV and onset of solid genito-urinary tumors.
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PMID:[Urogenital tumors and HIV-1 infection]. 274 46

In 23 out of 227 patients with positive serological tests for the human immunodeficiency virus (10%), seen between June 1987 and May 1988, lingual lesions of hairy leukoplakia (HL) were found. HL was present in 16/188 drug abusers (9%) and in 7/19 homosexuals (32%). In 3 cases HL was the only clinical manifestation of disease, in 11 it was associated with other symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex (ARC), and in 9 it was found in patients with a previous or concomitant diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The mean count of CD4 lymphocytes in the 23 patients was 0.22 X 10(9)/l. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the characteristic clinical features. In 3 cases biopsy was carried out, and parakeratosis and vacuolization of the spinous layer cells were found. Remarkably, particles of the herpesvirus group were also found. The lesions oscillated in size or even spontaneously disappeared, at least transiently; however, in the patients treated with zidovudine the improvement appeared to be more significant. The detection of HL discloses a likely infection by the HIV; it is usually associated with other features of ARC and/or severe immune depression, and it requires the institution of antiretroviral treatment.
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PMID:[Hairy leukoplakia: a new disease of the oral mucosa associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus]. 274 11

We have gathered and analyzed data on 50 gay men with AIDS before and after a ten-week structured group intervention aimed at reducing psychological distress and improving coping skills. Among the major findings have been information relating coping strategies to depression and anxiety, information about the support networks of people with AIDS, and the relationships between coping strategies, support networks and psychological mood states. We have also found that structured group interventions comprised of problem solving techniques, health education, relaxation training and emotional support are helpful in reducing anxiety and depression and in teaching people more positive ways of coping with their illness.
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PMID:Structured group intervention model for AIDS patients. 274 28

Using structured interviews and the SCL-90R, study was made of the behaviors of 29 applicants to a residential treatment program for cocaine abuse who had been placed on the program's waiting list for periods ranging from 1 to 6 months. It was hypothesized that applicants waiting treatment for 3 months or less (N = 16) would be more likely to view themselves as treatment candidates and would show behaviors different from those waiting 4-6 months (N = 13). Being on the waiting list a longer period was associated with greater evidence of criminal justice involvement, but with few other differences. Nearly half the total sample (48.3%) reported having significantly reduced drug use in association with their applying for treatment, but most applicants (58.6%) were pessimistic about their long-term capacity to remain free of drug-related difficulty. The pattern of SCL-90R scores for all subjects suggested significant psychiatric symptoms, including depression. Nonetheless, a majority of all applicants (51.7%) reported themselves as having become less interested in entering treatment. Nearly all applicants reported high levels of encouragement for their decision to enter treatment from persons with whom they were living and about half reported encouragement from friends. Of the 23 applicants who were IV drug users, 10 (41.7%) reported knowing someone who had contracted AIDS, 87.0% reported having changed behaviors--chiefly needle sharing--to reduce the risk of infection, and 69.6% reported having obtained HIV testing. The difficulty encountered in locating a random sample of applicants suggests the problem of maintaining a useful waiting list for treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The functioning of individuals on a drug abuse treatment waiting list. 276 83


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