Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mortality and morbidity of women who terminated their pregnancy before the 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v Wade are compared with post-Roe v Wade mortality and morbidity. Mortality data before 1973 are from the National Center for Health Statistics; data from 1973 through 1985 are from the Centers for Disease Control and The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Trends in serious abortion-related complications between 1970 and 1990 are based on data from the Joint Program for the Study of Abortion and from the National Abortion Federation. Deaths from illegally induced abortion declined between 1940 and 1972 in part because of the introduction of antibiotics to manage sepsis and the widespread use of effective contraceptives. Deaths from legal abortion declined fivefold between 1973 and 1985 (from 3.3 deaths to 0.4 death per 100,000 procedures), reflecting increased physician education and skills, improvements in medical technology, and, notably, the earlier termination of pregnancy. The risk of death from legal abortion is higher among minority women and women over the age of 35 years, and increases with gestational age. Legal-abortion mortality between 1979 and 1985 was 0.6 death per 100,000 procedures, more than 10 times lower than the 9.1 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births between 1979 and 1986. Serious complications from legal abortion are rare. Most women who have a single abortion with vacuum aspiration experience few if any subsequent problems getting pregnant or having healthy children. Less is known about the effects of multiple abortions on future fecundity. Adverse emotional reactions to abortion are rare; most women experience relief and reduced depression and distress.
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PMID:Induced termination of pregnancy before and after Roe v Wade. Trends in the mortality and morbidity of women. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. 847 94

This study was carried out to assess whether psychiatric morbidity after a miscarriage is higher than that associated with early pregnancy. A total of 60 consecutive women admitted to a Swansea hospital with a miscarriage were compared with 62 consecutive women who attended an antenatal clinic at the same hospital, using the 28-item general health questionnaire and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. These were completed both at initial contact and six weeks later. Women who had had a miscarriage were found to be significantly more anxious and scored higher on the subscale for severe depression than the pregnant women, both at initial assessment and six weeks later. At the six week assessment more somatic symptoms were also experienced by the group who had had a miscarriage. This study highlights the psychological disturbance associated with miscarriage. The primary health care team and hospital staff need to take this into consideration when organizing follow up for women who have had a miscarriage.
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PMID:Psychological sequelae of miscarriage: a controlled study using the general health questionnaire and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. 149 42

Psychological or psychiatric disturbances occur in association with therapeutic abortions but they seem to be marked, severe, or persistent in only a minority (approximately 10%) of women. These consist mostly of caseness depression and anxiety. Psychoses are very uncommon, being reported in only 0.003% of cases - most of whom have a history of previous psychiatric illness. Certain groups are especially at risk from adverse psychological sequelae; these include those with a past psychiatric history, younger women, those with poor social support, the multiparous, and those belonging to sociocultural groups antagonistic to abortion. This is not to overlook the fact that, adopting a crisis-resolution framework, subsequent termination of an unwanted pregnancy is itself 'therapeutic'. A better understanding of the nature of the risk factors would enable clinicians to identify vulnerable women for whom some form of psychological intervention might be beneficial.
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PMID:The psychological complications of therapeutic abortion. 139 26

A series of 199 medically indigent women who applied for therapeutic abortion at Bellview Hospital in New York City from December 1968-April 1970 is discussed by a psychiatric staff member who evaluated the patients as part of their application. At that time, abortion candidates were required to have 2 psychiatrists state that pregnancy was a risk to their life. They ranged from 14-41 years old; 30% were Black, 23% Hispanic; 62% were never-married, 20% were married. 56% had been pregnant before, 8% had prior induced abortions. 15% had infants or twins 1 year old. 22% were on public assistant, 42% had low-paying jobs, 20% were students. 75% successfully obtained hospital abortions. Of the remaining 49, 6 had spontaneous or clandestine abortions, 6 obtained induced abortion illegally, 9 decided to carry their pregnancy to term included 4 who attempted self abortion and 4 who attempted suicide during the pregnancy. 57% showed objective evidence of serious psychiatric disturbance, not including depression, anxiety, or threatened suicide. The 10 who were not recommended for abortion for lack of psychiatric grounds included a mother of a mentally retarded and a brain-damaged child and 5 other children, and a retarded woman abandoned by her husband. The 5 minors who were not approved for lack of parental consent included an 18-year old whose father had attempted to strangle her and whose mother abused her. 3 of these minors obtained abortions illegally. During the application process, which normally took 2 weeks, or after approval, 23 were lost to follow-up. Those lost during the process included 4 with severe psychiatric diagnoses, and 4 who attempted self-abortion. In the group there were 33% who had attempted abortion, 5% whose pregnancy was a result of rape, 11 who abused their children, 7 who did not have custody of their children, and 79 whose relationship with the father was marked by lack of support, abuse, marital conflict, or the partner was dead, ill, or dying. The prevalence of poverty, family pathology, severe stress, and psychopathology was presented in detail. It is likely that the ability to care for children of the index pregnancy in the women for whom abortion was refused was impaired. The author believes that the psychosocial pathology in this population has increased, and that newly enacted restrictions on abortion would be even more stressful for today's indigent women.
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PMID:Medically indigent women seeking abortion prior to legalization: New York City, 1969-1970. 162 16

A complete search of the literature concerning Lyme borreliosis as it relates to horses and cattle was done. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunological response to the disease, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. A review of clinical cases in horses and cattle is presented. Clinical signs of Lyme borreliosis in horses include: chronic weight loss, sporadic lameness, laminitis, low grade fever, swollen joints, muscle tenderness, and anterior uveitis. In addition to those clinical signs, neurological signs such as depression, behavioral changes, dysphagia, head tilt and encephalitis can be seen in chronic cases. Borreliosis occurs in cattle, usually as a herd problem. In acute Lyme borreliosis, cattle often will show a fever, stiffness, swollen joints, and decreased milk production. Chronic weight loss, laminitis and abortion are also possible outcomes of borreliosis in cattle. Diagnosis of clinical Lyme borreliosis is difficult and depends upon recognition of clinical signs, a history of possible exposure, and identification of the spirochete in the affected animal. Since the spirochete is very difficult to culture, confirmation of B. burgdorferi infection often relies on serologic testing. Subclinical seropositive animals do occur, thus confusing the diagnosis. An approach to treatment of cattle and horses with Lyme borreliosis is outlined.
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PMID:Lyme borreliosis in cattle and horses: a review of the literature. 164 76

This study, the first systematic investigation of the psychiatric impact of miscarriage, tests whether miscarriage markedly increases depressive symptoms in the 6 months after loss. We interviewed 382 miscarrying women entering the study at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, or 6 months after loss and, for comparison, 283 pregnant women and 318 community women not recently pregnant. Among women interviewed 2 weeks after miscarriage the proportion highly symptomatic on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale was 3.4 times that of pregnant women (95% confidence limits 2.0 and 5.0) and 4.3 times that of community women (95% confidence limits 3.0 and 5.8). Among women first interviewed 6 weeks and 6 months after miscarriage the proportion highly symptomatic was three times that of the community women. Women reinterviewed at 6 weeks and 6 months did not have elevated symptom levels, a result attributed to the unintended therapeutic and test effects of study interviews. Interviews were fully structured, readily administered by telephone by nonmedical personnel. The possibility that such interviews afford miscarrying women substantial psychologic benefits merits future investigation.
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PMID:Depressive symptoms in women in the six months after miscarriage. 845 71

The Soviet research on infant mortality indicated that short birth intervals (less than 1.5 years) and high birth orders seemed to pose a high mortality risk to children in the 1st year of life; the risk of premature birth was almost twice as high. Some data also showed that in a region of Uzbekistan 35.5% of urban and up to 56.7% of rural child mortality under 1 was in families with many children. 16-25% of women in rural areas of the Central Asian republics give birth twice a year, i.e., the intergenetical interval is less than 1 year. Pregnancy and birth complications occur in 66% of multiparous women in Uzbekistan. In 20.7% of young Turkmen women pregnancy occurs during the 1st 3 months after the death of a child during the perinatal period. Induced abortion sometimes leads to irreversible infertility and to benign and malignant diseases of the breast and the reproductive system. Premature birth is 1.7-2.5 times more likely among women whose 1st pregnancy ended in abortion or who have had 3 or more induced abortions. In 1989 the number of abortions/1000 women of reproductive age was 99.8. Every 5th abortion that occurred in primigravidas 17 was outside of hospitals. In Central Russia, Estonia, and Georgia women under 35 want about 2 children. In Central Asia and Kazakhstan 6-7 children/family is the rule. 15-45% of pregnancies were unplanned in these republics. 27% of multiparous mothers in Kazakhstan use contraceptives. In young Turkmen families contraceptive prevalence was 29.8%. In Russia 69.5% of married women aged 25-35 are in need of contraceptives. 24-27% of girls aged 15-19 in Moscow had sexual experience, and 41.9% among college students. The average age of starting sex was 16.4 years among female students. Abortions occur in 15-21% in the 15-19 age group. Complications after abortion occur in 59.4% of teenagers including depression in 9.1% of them.
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PMID:[Family planning and maternal and child care in present-day society]. 178 71

According to data of the Italian Association for Demographic Education, from 1978 to 1991 a total of 16,000 sterilizations were carried out in patients with an average age of 36 years. There was an increasing frequency of anxiety, depression, and lack of satisfaction with sexual life, and deterioration of marital life as the consequence of the operations. Psychological improvement has been reported in only a few cases. Hysterectomy, mastectomy, abortion, and sterilization produce profound psychological effects in women. The ideal candidate for such intervention should be fully aware of the choice and be well informed about the reproductive system, and aged over 30 with at least 2 children in a stable marital relationship. A 1973 review of 80 different studies carried out in 12 different countries reported that 82% of women benefited from the operation. In a study of 180 patients in Glasgow, Scotland, psychosexual disorders were found, in only 3.6%. In a 1975 report, postoperative psychiatric disturbances in sexual life were recorded in 2% of 98 women. Another study of 94 women who were sterilized did not find any medical or psychological problems but did find patients who were completely satisfied 2 years later. In a study of 50 patients who underwent surgical sterilization by the Pomeroy technique during cesarean section, sexual behavior in the women, measured as desire, frequency of intercourse, and satisfaction, was unchanged in 47, while in 3 there were only modest variations in libido and frequency of intercourse. On the basis of these reports in the majority of cases the outcome of sterilization was favorable when assessing various gynecological problems over time. On the other hand, when the candidate is a young woman the information has to be particularly detailed and scrupulous with respect to risks and the probable irreversibility of sterilization.
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PMID:[Psychosexual implications of female sterilization]. 181 75

The importance of psychosocial consequences of spontaneous abortion is increasingly pointed out. Different studies showed grief responses in about 50-80% of the women and consequences on occupation, martial relation and family life. The most observed long-term consequences are chronical depressive disorders. Unresolved grief in connection with pregnancy loss is to be considered an important risk factor. Immunological studies demonstrated a reduction of T-lymphocyte function in grief and depression as a probable cause of a higher disease risk. Further study is required for more precise definitions of long-term effects. Moreover psychosocial help and counseling for the couples after the pregnancy loss could help to prevent serious chronical disorders.
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PMID:[Health and psychosocial effects of miscarriage]. 186 33

To assess the existence of a post-abortion syndrome, a questionnaire was mailed to 554 Midwestern US women in training programs to become psychologists, nurses, or physicians. Of the 338 (61%) who responded, 63 indicated a past history of abortion and provided detailed information on their post-abortion adjustment. The abortions were performed between 1963-86; 1978 was the median year. The average age at the time of abortion was 21.3 years, while the mean age of respondents at the time of the survey was 30 years. Most (72%) reported irregular or no contraceptive use before the pregnancy that was aborted. The main reasons for choosing abortion were: too young or not ready for a child (22%), potential interference with educational and career goals (19%), and financial problems in raising a child (14%). 75% received no pre-abortion counseling, although 16% subsequently entered therapy to deal with abortion-related issues. 86% still believed their abortion was a wise choice. The emotional sequelae of abortion reported by these health professionals correspond with those found in other studies: some mild distress, including guilt, depression, and anxiety, in the 3 months following the abortion followed by relief and a return to baseline mood. Also consistent with the literature was the finding of a significant association between adequate preparation for the procedure and confidence in the abortion decision and long-term adjustment. An unexpected finding was more favorable long-term adjustment in women whose sexual partners either opposed or were not informed about the abortion decision. Finally, women who recalled pressure to abort experienced more short-term symptoms and were, at the time of the survey, less supportive of abortion rights than women who were not pressured.
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PMID:Post-abortion adjustment of health care professionals in training. 200 83


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