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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pain which persists long after spinal cord injury can become the most disabling sequela for the survivor. In extreme cases, it may lead to chemical dependency, severe depression and even suicide. Following definition and description of deafferentation pain, the risks and benefits of current pharmacologic, surgical and other therapies are presented. Part I (in this issue) presents theoretical aspects and Part II (in Vol. 9 No. 3) will present management aspects of deafferentation pain. This two-part review is intended to facilitate informed decision-making by both consumers and caregivers.
SCI Nurs 1992 Jun
PMID:Deafferentation pain after spinal cord injury. Part I. theoretical aspects. 162 77

Depression was studied in adults with myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD). The subject groups consisted of 27 MMD patients, an able-bodied control group of 27 adults (CON), a nonprogressively disabled control group of 17 adult paraplegics (SCI), and a progressively disabled neuromuscular disease control group of 11 adults with limb-girdle syndrome (LGS). The study utilized a test battery consisting of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Institute of Personality and Ability (IPAT) Depression test, the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), and the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). The MMD group scored significantly higher on the MMPI Depression scale, the IPAT Depression Test, and the SPS Hopelessness subscale, than the CON or SCI groups. Conversely, the MMD group showed lower levels of positive mental health than these two groups on the MMPI Ego Strength and CPI Well-Being scale scores. The MMD group did not differ significantly from the LGS group in any of the five measures. A definite tendency toward depression was evident among MMD patients. A similar tendency was noted in the small LGS group. The progressive and disabling nature of the disease appears to be the major reason for depression in MMD patients. Our data do not support the concept that depression is an intrinsic characteristic of MMD.
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PMID:Depression in myotonic muscular dystrophy. 380 Jun 15

Theoretical approaches to the understanding of psychological adjustment in spinal cord injury have recently experienced a re-examination which seriously questions the traditional "stage theory" of adjustment. Despite limited empirical validation at best, the stage theory has not only enjoyed an unchallenged popularity amongst rehabilitation professionals but often has been imposed upon new SCI patients as a necessary criterion for hospital discharge. Experienced professionals have also been shown to exaggerate the distress of their SCI patients and these misperceptions tend to progressively worsen with length of clinical experience. The present study replicated and extended this tendency amongst research personnel and their SCI subjects. Staff members tended to over-estimate depression, anxiety, and social discomfort while under-estimating the optimism of their SCI subjects. Recommendations are made for the use of a questionnaire to measure their distress. Also, suggestions are made regarding the potential clinical utility of assessing the contrasting perceptions of distress by SCI patients and significant people in their rehabilitation and social environments.
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PMID:Contrasting perceptions of distress by research personnel and their spinal cord injured subjects. 382 24

The catecholamine response of injured tissue after severe spinal cord injury (SPI) remains a puzzling controversy. This study was undertaken in an attempt to resolve that controversy. The influence of the biochemical assay method, the magnitude of injury, and the spinal cord region injured on catecholamine levels was determined in the cat spinal cord. It was found that the concentration of norepinephrine (NE) in the traumatized spinal cord is dependent on both the magnitude and the region of injury. The relatively large tissue samples necessitated by the older, less sensitive assay methodology show little or no change in NE levels after a 500-g/cm injury in the cat. When regional samples are analyzed with more sensitive methods, a net depression in the NE level of local tissue is observed. The results of earlier studies from this laboratory indicating an increase in tissue NE after trauma were apparently artifactual, presumably due to the nonselective nature of the biochemical assay used at that time. Dopamine levels were not elevated after SCI, and previous reports from other laboratories indicating an increase in dopamine levels were probably also errant due to methodology-related problems.
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PMID:Catecholamine alterations attending spinal cord injury: a reanalysis. 739 23

A group of 60 patients with spinal cord injury was examined to assess mood disorders during the rehabilitation hospital admission and 6 months of follow-up. During the initial evaluations, 13 patients (22%) had major depression and 5 patients (8%) had minor depression. The development of mood disorders during the hospital admission appeared to be related to heterogeneous etiological factors, including previous psychiatric history and severity of impairment in activities of daily living. During the first 3 months after SCI, about half of the depressions resolved. Nonrecovery from depression may be related to lack of adequate social support.
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PMID:Prospective longitudinal study of depression following spinal cord injury. 795 Mar 45

Self-complexity refers to the degree to which various aspects of self-concept are differentiated from each other. A new measure of self-complexity (the SCI) was administered to 182 adolescents. The SCI correlated positively with chronological age and global self-worth and was negatively related to internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Regression analyses indicated that the SCI was the best predictor of depression when holding global self-worth constant.
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PMID:Self-complexity and its relation to development, symptomatology and self-perception during adolescence. 817 94

Although depression has been widely studied among persons with spinal cord injury, the ubiquitous and unsophisticated use of the term and presumptions about its manifestations in the rehabilitation setting have needlessly encumbered the understanding and treatment of depression. Major themes and issues in the study, measurement, and treatment of depression among persons with spinal cord injury are reviewed. Greater precision is recommended in distinguishing diagnosable depression from displays of negative affect, anxiety, distress, and dysphoria. Correlates of depressive behavior among persons with SCI are surveyed, and guidelines for research and practice in the SCI setting are explicated.
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PMID:Depression following spinal cord injury. 870 78

A brief quality-of-life (QL) questionnaire was derived empirically from a cross-sectional study of 98 SCI-patients (83% men, median age 33.5 years, and median time after injury 2.3 years). A comprehensive general battery of well-established questionnaires (Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Mood Adjective Check List (MACL), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale) was combined with a study-specific set of questions to constitute patients' QL. A stepwise analysis model was used to define key areas and questions to be included in a brief SCI-adapted questionnaire. The central areas that independently mattered for SCI-patients' perception of good QL included mental health (no depressive feelings), physical and psychosocial dysfunction (no, or few and minor, limitations in mobility, body care and movement and social interaction), and SCI-related problems (no or little perceived difficulty with loss of independence due to injury). A 22-item questionnaire is suggested for routine clinical follow-up to assess more accurately when optimal treatment and services have been delivered.
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PMID:Spinal cord injuries: a shortened measure of function and mood. 902 14

This prospective study investigates the frequency of both medical and non-medical complications reported by the population based cohort of SCI survivors reported to the Colorado Spinal Cord Injury Early Notification System (ENS). Persons reported to the ENS between January 1 1986 and December 31 1993, representing the broad spectrum of all severities of spinal cord injury and potential complications, were solicited to participate in comprehensive follow-up interviews at their first, third and fifth year post injury. Hospitalizations of a week or longer were experienced by more than 10% of the participants at each of the three interview years. Similarly, the medical complications of spasticity or pain were reported by more than 25% of the participants, and pressure sores were reported by more than 10% at all three time periods. The chief non-medical complications (conditions) were financial concerns and transportation problems. Although these reported medical and non-medical complications present significant obstacles to be overcome, less than three percent of those surveyed at any of the time periods reported experiencing depression; and only 14% rated their quality of life as being poor.
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PMID:Secondary conditions following spinal cord injury in a population-based sample. 947 Nov 38

Except for anecdotal data, empirical research on the psychological well-being of abused men is scarce. This paper compares the mental health of non-victims with victims of physical and psychological violence among 562 Calgary couples. Physical and psychological violence were assessed by two subscales of the Conflict Tactics Scales and psychological distress was assessed by abbreviated anxiety and depression subscales of the SCI-90, a frequency of symptom measure. Female and male victims of either psychological-only or physical violence reported significantly higher rates of distress than nonvictims. Females exhibited higher depression and anxiety scores than their male counterparts, regardless of whether they were victims or non-victims of either type of violence. Being both a perpetrator and victim of either type of violence is associated with significantly higher levels of psychological distress for both genders. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Couple violence and psychological distress. 952 90


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