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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The developing embryo/fetus bears antigens which are foreign to the mother and it could be expected that immune rejection of the conceptus would occur. One of the reasons why the fetus is not rejected is because a depression of the maternal immune response takes place during pregnancy. Serum from pregnant animals of several species has been shown to contain a factor, early pregnancy factor (EPF), which is immunosuppressive. EPF has been detected as early as six hours after mating and its detection could aid diagnosis of early pregnancy in all species.
Vet Rec 1980 Mar 22
PMID:The immunological approach to pregnancy diagnosis: a review. 696 39

Strains of E. coli B/r were exposed to UV radiation and assayed for reversion mutation, using a standard selection medium. If more irradiated bacteria were assayed per petri dish, a proportional increase in the number of indicated reversion mutants was found only up to a limiting plating density. Beyond a density of about 10(8) viable bacteria per petri dish, the number of indicated revertants per viable bacteria assayed (the mutation frequency) decreased as the plating density was increased. The crowding depression of mutagenesis was more severe for de novo and converted suppressor mutations, the mutation frequency being reduced 100-fold at a plating density of about 6 x 10(9) viable bacteria per plate. The effect on backmutation was 10 times less. Crowding depression of mutagenesis occurred in excision-proficient and -deficient strains, with identical effects in the 2 strains on de novo and converted suppressor mutation, but different effects on backmutations. There were no accompanying effects on viability. Irreversible loss of potential mutants during crowded growth was indicated in wash-off experiments. The kinetics suggested a half-life of approximately 1 h. Kinetics for accumulation by the bacteria of the limiting metabolite (tyrosine) on the assay plate indicated a short period of time for protein synthesis, but direct examination of the proteins synthesized during early growth on a crowded plate demonstrated successful induction of recA protein. The results suggested a possible disruption in the rec/lex respondency system somewhere between induction of recA protein and the various end points, including mutational repair, in cells plated close to one another.
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PMID:Crowding depression of UV-mutagenesis in E. coli. 701 80

The growth rate, feed consumption and carcase composition of nine untreated wether lambs (controls) were compared with those of lambs in which a chronic pneumonia had been experimentally induced. Six pneumonic lambs (group 1) were killed with the controls on day 109 and eight (group 2) lambs were killed when they had a similar mean liveweight to the controls (42 kg) on day 172. The mean liveweight gain of infected animals to day 108 was 59 per cent, the mean feed intake 69 per cent and the mean carcase weight of group 1 was 73.5 per cent that of the controls. Group 2 lambs required 25 per cent more feed and nine weeks longer than the controls to reach similar live and carcase weights. This depression of appetite and growth rate was most marked in the first 35 days after inoculation, but growth rates of infected lambs continued to be lower than those of the controls throughout the experiment. At slaughter, all infected lambs had consolidated lesions of pneumonia and a significant correlation was noted between the extent of lung lesions and total liveweight gain in individual lambs. Carcases of group 1 lambs had a proportionately low fat, high lean meat and bone content, indicative of immature development and consistent with a lowered feed intake. Carcases of group 2 lambs showed a similar trend but differences from the controls were not significant.
Vet Rec 1982 Feb 20
PMID:Effects of experimental chronic pneumonia on bodyweight, feed intake and carcase composition of lambs. 707 13

Attempts were made to collect ova from superovulated cows by surgically fixing indwelling silastic balloon catheters in the uterine lumen. No ova were collected from the four catheterised cows and it was shown that ovarian activity was depressed. In this group, only 16 ovulations occurred compared with six control cows in which a total of 121 ovulations were recorded and 84 ova were collected. Also the ovaries of the catheterised cows had six large cysts, whereas no cysts were recorded in the control cows. The catheters flushed perfectly and bacteriological cultures of the flushing and uteri showed that no infections had occurred. The cows tolerated the catheters extremely well. There was no depression in appetite nor was any abnormal behaviour recorded. However, the severe depression of ovulation and the formation of ovarian cystic follicles prevents the technique from having any practical application as a means of collecting ova.
Vet Rec 1982 Feb 27
PMID:Unsuccessful attempts to collect ova by surgical fixation of uterine catheters in superovulated cows. 707 20

The superficial and deep tendons of the human temporalis muscle and their fasciae were examined for specific attachments. It was found that as they pass inferiorly along the ramus of the mandible, a structure consisting of tendon and fascia (herein referred to as the fascial-tendinous complex of FTC) is projected anteromedially and inferiorly. The FTC is a unifying structure in the oral-buccal area, serving as a common point of attachment for three muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid) as well as the buccinator, superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC), and the mylohyoid muscles, and their corresponding fasciae. The FTC creates a defined fascial space containing loose connective tissue, the buccal nerve, and corresponding blood vessels between the posterior buccal region and the anterior ramus and posterior body of the mandible. The FTC has two components: (1) a medial part which merges into the posterior buccal region in the area of the pterygomandibular depression and (2) a lateral part which continues inferiorly to the posterior area of the body of the mandible. A distinct slip of the medial pterygoid muscle was found to attach to the FTC which caused the lingual nerve to be sandwiched between this slip and the main bulk of the medial pterygoid as it inserts into the mandible. The pterygomandibular raphe, as previously described, was not found. Because of the FTC, the buccinator and SPC do not have simple hamulus-raphe-mylohyoid line attachments. The exact relationship of the buccinator and SPC is dependent upon the extent of the FTC. The larger the FTC, the greater are the muscle attachments and vice versa. In large FTCs a separate muscle (Hamular-FTC muscle) was found attaching from the hamulus to the FTC. The pterygomandibular fold was found not to coincide with the "raphe." The concavity of the pterygomandibular depression upon depression of the mandible was found to be the result of the FTC.
Anat Rec 1982 Apr
PMID:Further evaluation of the superficial and deep tendons of the human temporalis muscle. 707 95

An electromyographic investigation of the lateral pterygoid muscles was undertaken to determine their activity relative to isolated and functional movements of the mandible. Daerally in the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. Surface electrodes were placed bilaterally on the skin over the temporalis and masseter muscles. Our data strongly suggest that separate roles for the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid cannot be supported electromyographically. In addition, the lateral pterygoid is active in protrusive movements, including an incisor clench, and not active in retrusion or a molar clench. Both lateral pterygoid muscles initiate depression of the mandible and the contralateral muscle initiates a lateral transversion. The ipsilateral activity present is not sufficient to be an active stabilizer of the temporomandibular joint. In the chewing cycle, the lateral pterygoids are bilaterally active, both in alternation with and overlapping the elevating musculature. The sequence of the lateral pterygoid activity in the chewing cycle is led by the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid muscle.
Anat Rec 1980
PMID:An electromyographic study of the human lateral pterygoid muscles. 739 33

During the summer of 1992 renal failure was diagnosed in 232 grazing cattle in 85 herds on the west coast of Norway. The salient clinical signs were depression, anorexia and melaena or fresh blood in the faeces; diarrhoea was also commonly observed. The serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, magnesium and phosphorus, and the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were above normal and the serum calcium concentration was below normal. Post mortem examinations consistently revealed renal tubular necrosis. In some cases there was liver necrosis and also erosions at the base of the tongue, in the oesophagus and in the jejunum and colon. The toxicity was probably caused by the plant Narthecium ossifragum (bog asphodel).
Vet Rec 1995 Sep 09
PMID:Nephrotoxicity of Narthecium ossifragum in cattle in Norway. 750 63

Equine viral arteritis was diagnosed for the first time in the United Kingdom in 1993. The outbreak began on a non-thoroughbred stud in south Nottinghamshire and spread to five other premises through chilled semen used for artificial insemination and from acutely and subclinically infected mares returning home. The outbreak was contained on these six premises by means of voluntary movement restrictions. The most commonly observed clinical signs were typical: pyrexia with depression, and conjunctivitis with periorbital oedema; nasal discharge, and oedema of the distal limbs, prepuce and mammary glands were less common. The first mare to be covered by a recently imported stallion was the first animal to be affected. The mare was resident and no new mares had arrived on the stud during the previous five months. About 100 animals became infected during the outbreak, including three indigenous stallions. Equine arteritis virus was isolated from semen and heparinised blood samples and seroconversions were demonstrated by using the equine arteritis virus neutralisation test. Although the outbreak was contained, the free movement of animals within the European Union increases the possibility of infected stallions being introduced into the UK.
Vet Rec 1995 Apr 15
PMID:First recorded outbreak of equine viral arteritis in the United Kingdom. 760 17

Cholesterinic granulomas have been previously reported as an incidental post mortem in horses. Three adult horses with diencephalic dysfunction due to cholesterinic granulomas are described. All the horses exhibited profound depression, somnolence and reluctance to move. One horse experienced generalised seizures. Cerebrosinal fluid was xanthochromic with an elevated total protein in two of the cases evaluated. The large cholesterinic granulomas caused expansion of the lateral ventricle and secondary hydrocephalus due to the build up of cerebrospinal fluid behind the mass. Cholesterinic granulomas are believed to result from choroid plexus congestion and haemorrhage.
Vet Rec 1994 Sep 03
PMID:Neurological manifestation of cholesterinic granulomas in three horses. 781 10

Bacterial meningoencephalitis most commonly affected lambs two to four weeks old (median three weeks, range three days to six months) with clinical signs of episcleral congestion, lack of suck reflex, weakness, altered gait and depression extending to stupor, but hyperaesthesia to auditory and tactile stimuli. Opisthotonos was observed during the agonal stages of the disease. Analysis of lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid revealed a highly significant increase in protein concentration (P < 0.01) with a neutrophilic pleocytosis, but bacteriological culture yielded organisms in only a few cases. A response was achieved with high doses of dexamethasone and chloramphenicol in only one of 20 cases. Polyarthritis and liver abscesses in a number of lambs provided evidence of a previous bacteraemic or septicaemic episode but no definite source of the central nervous system infection was identified. In common with other infectious bacterial conditions which are prevalent during the early life of sheep, control measures should ensure an adequate transfer of passive antibody, repeated treatments of the navel, and hygienic conditions in the lambing and rearing environments.
Vet Rec 1994 Aug 13
PMID:A field study of ovine bacterial meningoencephalitis. 798 44


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