Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of the long-acting calcium channel blocking agent, nisoldipine, on silent myocardial ischaemia due to occult atherosclerotic coronary arterial disease has been evaluated in 12 asymptomatic patients (seven diabetics and five claudicants), none of whom had any history suggestive of ischaemic chest pain or previous myocardial infarction. All patients had normal resting electrocardiograms but positive exercise testing using 16-lead electrocardiographic mapping of the chest wall. They also had silent episodes of ST-segment depression during 24-hour ambulatory (Holter) monitoring. The study was of double-blind, cross-over design with four weeks randomised nisoldipine 10 mg twice daily versus placebo twice daily. Both the exercise test and Holter monitoring were carried out before entry to the trial and at the end of each randomised active and placebo phase. Plasma fibrinogen was also estimated at entry to the trial and at the end of each randomised phase. There were significant reductions in the magnitude (P less than 0.001) and duration (P less than 0.001) of depression of the ST segment on exercise testing and in the number of episodes (P less than 0.01), magnitude (P less than 0.001) and duration (P less than 0.02) of ST-segment depression on Holter monitoring at the end of the nisoldipine phase as compared to the randomised placebo phase. A significant reduction in plasma fibrinogen was also noted at the end of the nisoldipine phase (P less than 0.001). This study demonstrates the efficacy and usefulness of nisoldipine in treating myocardial ischaemia due to occult coronary arterial disease in asymptomatic subjects presenting with diabetes mellitus or intermittent claudication. Its use was associated with reduction in plasma fibrinogen.
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PMID:Improvement of silent myocardial ischaemia and reduction of plasma fibrinogen during nisoldipine therapy in occult coronary arterial disease. 207 Dec 52

In depression of the function of the anticoagulating system after splenectomy in rats the blood serum heparin level diminishes, the fibrinogen concentration increases, the total and nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity decreases, and the activity of some heparin complexes (adrenaline-heparin and serotonin-heparin) increases. A low-molecular protein inhibiting nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity was isolated from blood plasma of splenectomized animals, some of its properties were studied. No such protein inhibitor was found in blood plasma of false-operated and intact rats.
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PMID:[Complex compounds of heparin with blood proteins and their natural inhibitors in splenectomy in animals]. 208 78

An ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis was studied for its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and CNS depressant activities. The extract produced a significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma in rats. The studies on spontaneous motor activity in mice and conditioned avoidance responding (CAR) in rats showed a dose-dependent depression of the central nervous system in treated animals. Reduction of yeast-induced hyperthermia in mice confirmed its reputed antipyretic activity. The extract did not produce any significant changes in prothrombin time and fibrinogen level. It also failed to produce any analgesic activity in the hot plate reaction-time test in mice. Phytochemical screening of the aerial parts of the plant showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, volatile oil, sterols and/or triterpenes.
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PMID:Studies on Ruta chalepensis, an ancient medicinal herb still used in traditional medicine. 233 58

Hemostasis was investigated in 2 groups of patients with systemic scleroderma (SSD) with minimal (12 patients) and moderate (9 patients) activity of the process. It has been shown that in SSD, the triggering factor of intravascular blood coagulation is the release of Willebrand's factor, an activator of platelets, from the impaired endothelium. Hyperaggregation and labilization of platelets characterizes the course of SSD irrespective of the disease activity. The main changes in coagulation hemostasis are related to the dramatically accelerated triggered thrombin formation and deficiency of the antithrombin potential. The status of fibrinolysis confirming the thrombogenic situation is marked by a number of features: depression of contact lysis is maximally pronounced in chronic SSD with minimal activity, accumulation of the soluble complexes of fibrin monomer only correlates with the disease activity, and no significant rise of the level of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products has been discovered.
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PMID:[The mechanisms of intravascular blood coagulation in patients with systemic scleroderma]. 239 20

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of experimentally induced sublethal endotoxaemia in equine neonates. Four foals, between two and five days of age, were infused intravenously with 0.5 microgram/kg bodyweight of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin (LPS) over a 5 h period. A four-day-old and a five-day-old foal, similarly infused with sterile isotonic saline, served as controls. Clinical signs were monitored, blood samples obtained for evaluation of selected haematological and biochemical parameters; and haemodynamic parameters were recorded hourly during the infusion, as well as 6 and 24 h post infusion. Depression, anorexia, increased rectal temperature, leucopenia followed by leucocytosis, hypoglycaemia, increased prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (APTT), pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and mild hypoxaemia were consistent findings in the foals receiving endotoxin. There was marked variation over time in the above parameters, during the infusion. Shock was not induced, and the foals appeared to be healthy shortly after the infusion was discontinued. The return to baseline values of body temperature (3 of 4 foals), APTT (1 of 4 foals) and neutrophil count (2 of 4 foals), during endotoxin infusion, suggests induction of early tolerance. The control foals remained alert and the temperature, prothrombin time and fibrinogen remained stable during the study. Hyperglycaemia, transient increased APTT and variations in selected haemodynamic parameters were recorded in the control foals during the infusion.
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PMID:Haemodynamic, pathological, haematological and behavioural changes during endotoxin infusion in equine neonates. 240 54

The concentrations of plasma ceruloplasmin, plasma fibrinogen, serum haptoglobin and the major cell types in blood together with liveweight changes were monitored during the acute phase response in sheep. Five control sheep, five sheep that underwent sham bronchial obstruction, and five sheep that developed pneumonia after bronchial obstruction were examined. Blood samples were taken and liveweights were recorded from four to six days before until 14 days after the surgical operations (sham and bronchial obstruction). The operations led to an acute phase response in the sheep and the development of pneumonia increased and sustained the response or led to a secondary response. Statistically significant changes observed in the blood of the sheep during the acute phase response included increased concentrations of plasma ceruloplasmin and plasma fibrinogen, depression of erythrocyte numbers and elevation of neutrophil numbers (means on day of maximum change as percentage of pretreatment values; 250 per cent, 400 per cent, 80 per cent and 200 per cent, respectively). Serum haptoglobin showed a pronounced and significant increase in concentration (over 6000 per cent of pretreatment values in some sheep). All three groups of sheep showed significant depression of liveweight after overnight confinement in the surgery but this was sustained for the period of the experiment only in the bronchial obstruction group. The results indicated that measurement of the concentrations of the three plasma proteins may be more useful in the diagnosis of tissue injury and infectious disease than the number of circulating neutrophils in sheep.
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PMID:Acute phase response of sheep: changes in the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and the major blood cell types associated with pulmonary damage. 246 10

A heterogeneous group of surgery patients at septic risk was studied through monitoring of acute phase proteins (APP). Plasma levels of 8 acute phase proteins (C-reactive, alpha-1 antitrypsin, fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, prealbumin, alpha-2 macroglobulin) were measured in the pre- and postoperative period of septic surgery patients suffering from disease processes in various sites and with different aetiopathogenesis. The experiment is related to some interesting research proposed by authors in the Shock Physiopathology Study Centre of the Catholic University of Rome and their results. The constant finding of increased values of PCR, fibrin, cerul, alpha-1 Tryp in the septic risk surgery patient and their normalisation following treatment is particularly significant. In these same cases, a depression or, depending on circumstances, normal findings of Transf, alpha-2 Macro, Albu and Prealbu were observed. The results point to the practical utility an high reliability of APP changes as markers of septic risk.
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PMID:[Acute phase proteins as markers of septic risk in surgical patients]. 248 55

Treatment of mice with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and the two LPS-induced monokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), caused a depression of liver cytochrome P-450 and related drug-metabolizing enzymes, as well as other acute-phase changes including increase in plasma fibrinogen levels and hypoferremia. However, only IL-1, not TNF or LPS, depressed cytochrome P-450 in cultured hepatocytes, suggesting that the effect of TNF in vivo might be mediated by a second mediator. TNF- or LPS-stimulated monocytes released a factor capable of depressing cytochrome P-450 in cultured hepatocytes. This factor was inhibited by anti-IL-1 antiserum, and its synthesis, like that of IL-1, was inhibited by dexamethasone (DEX). Pretreatment of mice with DEX protected against the depression of liver cytochrome P-450 by LPS or TNF but not by IL-1, suggesting that IL-1 directly depresses cytochrome P-450 and that DEX acts by inhibiting IL-1 synthesis in vivo induced by LPS or TNF. However, DEX did not inhibit two other effects of LPS and TNF in vivo: increase of plasma fibrinogen levels and decrease of plasma iron, suggesting that these might not be mediated by IL-1. Therefore, the effect of DEX in vivo, although supporting the hypothesis that depression of liver cytochrome P-450 by LPS and TNF is mediated by IL-1, indicates the existence of IL-1-independent pathways in the acute-phase response.
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PMID:Dexamethasone modulation of in vivo effects of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-1 on liver cytochrome P-450, plasma fibrinogen, and serum iron. 278 6

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the precursor fatty acid of three series of prostaglandins, has been reported to have an antiatherothrombotic potential. We gave highly purified EPA in a soft capsule (90% ethylester form of EPA; EPA-E) to 6 healthy male volunteers for 4 weeks. After the administration of 900 mg/day of EPA-E for two weeks or longer, a significant reduction in plasma beta thromboglobulin level was observed, and after 4 weeks' administration, significantly blunted pressor responsiveness to infused angiotensin II was observed. These changes were not observed 4 weeks after EPA-E had been discontinued. After 4 weeks' ingestion of EPA-E, the platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate or collagen, plasma recalcification time, prothrombin time, plasma antithrombin III, fibrinogen or plasmin concentrations, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, total phospholipid, nonesterified fatty acid or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were unchanged. From the data presented it can be said that EPA-E causes a mild depression of vascular contractility and of platelet aggregability in vivo and exerts a beneficial influence on several cardiovascular factors.
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PMID:Effects of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid on plasma beta thromboglobulin level and vascular reactivity to angiotensin II. 282 70

Administration of heparin (2 un) into rats with depression of the anticoagulation system before treatment of the animals with alpha-thrombin (8 NIH un) inhibited the enzyme interaction with blood fibrinogen, which was manifested as a distinct decrease in content of soluble fibrin in blood as compared with its concentration evaluated after the treatment with thrombin. Heparin inhibited the reaction of thrombin with specific receptors in vascular walls. The effector response of the anticoagulation system, which is specific for interaction of free alpha-thrombin with the cell wall receptors, was not observed if thrombin was administered intravenously together with heparin. The patterns of the anticoagulation system were not altered after administration of the equimolar complex of DIP (diisopropyl phosphoryl)-alpha-thrombin and heparin, although free DIP-alpha-thrombin activated distinctly the anticoagulation system. The data obtained suggest that heparin, which inhibits partially the recognition site in thrombin molecule, impaired also the enzyme ability to bind to the specific receptors of vascular walls and therefore it impaired the distinct response of the anticoagulation system.
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PMID:[Heparin-induced impairment of thrombin interaction with fibrinogen and receptors of the anti-coagulation system]. 301 36


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