Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty seven patients of various types of leprosy were skin tested with PPD, Dharmendra lepromin, DNCB, Coccidiodin, histamine and croton oil. Twenty five age matched normal controls were also included in the study. All types of leprosy patients reacted in smaller numbers and with decreased response to all antigens and irritants as compared to normal controls. Depression of response being minimum in tuberculoid and maximum in lepromatous group. None of the patients or controls reacted to coccidiodin. Details are given.
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PMID:Cutaneous responses to antigens and irritants in patients of leprosy. 720 36

Status of non-specific cell mediated immunity in 49 leprosy patients classified according to Ridley & Jopling scale and 16 non leprous controls was studied using epicutaneous sensitization with DNCB and quantitatively grading the degree of sensitization with DNCB and quantitatively grading the degree of sensitization and Mx. test with 1 TU PPD. The effect of dapsone administration on CMI responses was also observed. There was no gross depression of CMI responses as made out by epicutaneous sensitization to DNCB but quantitative grading of responses revealed a subtle depression of CMI responses progressively increasing from II to LL end of spectrum. Mx. testing with 1 Tu PPD did not appear to be a good parameter to study the CMI status. Dapsone administration did not alter the CMI responses.
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PMID:Quantitative DNCB epicutaneous sensitization in leprosy patients and controls. 721 63

Comprehensive immune function by integrated score was assessed in 158 operable, 55 inoperable, and 52 metastatic breast cancer patients relative to 107 healthy controls. The score was derived from in vivo response to PPD and DNCB and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by PPD and PHA. Proportion of E-RFC was significantly lower in patients than in controls but was not found to correlate directly with the above functional criteria. Fifty-one percent of the patients with early, operable tumors were shown to be at least partially immunosuppressed by integrated score achievement vs. 11% of controls. This proportion rises to 68% of inoperable and 89% of metastatic patients. Quantitative analysis by graded response revealed an additional, significant degree of immune impairment in the respective patient groups by all testing parameters. Depression of immune function in operable patients was not related to age nor influenced by surgery. Immunocompetence of patients with mammary dysplasia did not differ from controls. Increasing size of primary tumor (T) was not found to be matched by progressive degree of immunosuppression, excepting that associated with large T4 tumors. Patients with lymph node involvement (N+) were not significantly immunologically inferior to those without (N0) where the larger operable T2-3) tumors are concerned. In the smallest, T1 tumors, nodal involvement (N+) is accompanied by remarkable immunosuppression relative to T1N0 cases. This finding suggests a pre-existing immune defect inherent in T1N+ patients. It supports the hypothesis that the immunosuppression associated with early breast cancer is primary, patient related. Secondary tumor-induced depression of immune response characterizes advanced and metastatic human breast cancer.
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PMID:Immunocompetence, immunosuppression, and human breast cancer. II. Further evidence of initial immune impairment by integrated assessment effect of nodal involvement (N) and of primary tumor size (T). 737 Sep 52

The two fragments of HIV-1 gp120 molecule were synthesized to study their interaction with human monocytes. Previous observations indicated that recombinant gp120 fragment (aa residues 410-511) encompassing CD4 binding region (rp120cd) induced tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production in monocytes, while a similar fragment (rp120) not containing the CD4 binding sequence (aa 446-511) was inactive. This paper shows that rp120cd depressed monocyte ability to present antigen (PPD) to autologous T lymphocytes while rp120 was noninhibitory. The rp120cd interacted with monocytes but not T lymphocytes. Anti-TNF receptor type A antibody (utr-1) prevented the depression of antigen presentation caused by rp120cd, which suggested a role for TNF and its receptor. The depression of antigen presentation was seen only when monocytes were treated with rp120cd before, but not after, pulse with antigen. Parallel changes were observed in PPD-induced IL-6 production. Thus, induction of TNF by gp120 may be associated with impairment of antigen-presenting capacity of monocytes seen in AIDS patients.
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PMID:Modulation of antigen-presenting capacity of human monocytes by HIV-1 GP120 molecule fragments. 807 Aug 47

Functional interrelations between immune and fibrinolytic systems were studied in 107 patients with disseminated tuberculosis patients. The findings showed a depression in plasminogen activator activity associated with high yield of fibrin degradation products. Lymphocyte blast transformation with PHA decreased, whereas that with PPD increased. Concentrations of IgA and IgG rose in a small drop of IgM in peripheral blood. The above changes were more pronounced in marked clinical symptoms. The results may give rise to further developments in pathogenetic mechanisms of pulmonary tuberculosis and new approaches to its treatment.
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PMID:[Immune reactivity and fibrinolysis in patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis]. 832 38

1. The effects of histamine on excitatory synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus region of rat hippocampal slices were examined using extracellular and whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques. The GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin (50 microM) was present in the bath in all experiments. 2. Histamine (0.7-70 microM) reversibly depressed field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) or excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) recorded intracellularly by up to 30%. The presynaptic fibre volley and EPSC reversal potential were unaffected by histamine, as were responses following pressure ejection of the glutamate receptor agonist S-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (S-AMPA) into the slice. 3. Histamine (7 microM) depressed equally the AMPA and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) components of the dual-component EPSC, recorded at -40 mV. 4. In addition to depressing synaptic transmission, histamine also reduced the magnitude of paired-pulse depression (PPD; 40 ms interpulse interval) of the medial perforant path EPSC. 5. Histamine depressed medial perforant path EPSCs more strongly than lateral perforant path EPSCs. Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF; 40 ms interpulse interval) in the lateral perforant path was enhanced by histamine. 6. The effects of histamine on synaptic transmission and PPD were mimicked by the selective H3 receptor agonist R-alpha-methylhistamine (0.1-10 microM) but not by the selective H2 receptor agonist dimaprit (10 microM). Similarly, the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide (10 microM) blocked the effect of histamine whereas the H1 antagonist mepyramine (1 microM) and the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (50 microM) were ineffective. 7. Histamine actions on synaptic transmission and PPD were not occluded by application of the metabotropic glutamate agonist L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (AP4). 8. The results indicate that histamine depresses synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus by binding to histamine H3 receptors located on perforant path terminals. The mechanism by which histamine depresses transmission is independent of that used by class III metabotropic glutamate receptors.
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PMID:Histamine H3 receptor-mediated depression of synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus of the rat in vitro. 891 Feb 6

The properties of pre- and postsynaptic GABAB receptors were investigated with intracellular recordings from rat neocortical neurons in vitro. An antagonist of the GABAB receptor (CGP 35348) and ions or drugs interfering with GABAB receptor-mediated K+ conductance (Ba2+, QX 314) were employed to delineate possible differences. CGP 35348 reduced the conductance of the late inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSPB) in a dose-dependent manner. Neither the early GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSPA), nor resting membrane potential or direct excitability, were consistently affected by CGP 35348. Bath application of 100 mumol/l Ba2+ decreased IPSPB conductance to about 40% and increased IPSPA conductance to 130% of control. The depression of a second IPSP by a pair of stimuli (paired pulse depression, or PPD) was used as an index for presynaptic GABAB receptor activation. Neither CGP 35348 nor Ba2+ exerted significant effects on the PPD at intervals of 400 msec. The dependence of PPD on the latency of the interval of the stimulus pair was investigated after intracellular applicatio of QX 314 had virtually abolished the IPSPB. Decreasing the stimulus interval from 500 msec to 100 msec revealed a stronger depression of the second IPSPA. Application of CGP 35348 alleviated PPD for stimulus intervals below 300 msec. The data indicate a distinct pharmacological difference between pre- and postsynaptic GABAB receptors. Moreover, we suggest that two temporally distinct presynaptic GABAB receptor effects contribute to PPD: a short-lasting effect, sensitive to CGP 35348, and a long-lasting effect, insensitive to CGP 35348. The latter is insensitive to Ba2+, implying that this component is not associated with a K+ conductance mechanism.
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PMID:Presynaptic and postsynaptic GABAB receptors of neocortical neurons of the rat in vitro: differences in pharmacology and ionic mechanisms. 898 49

Previous data have clearly suggested that the posterior pituitary (PP), consisting of neural lobe (NL) and intermediate lobe (IL), has a role in the control of anterior pituitary PRL secretion. However, basic aspects of this regulatory mechanism like (1), the role of an intact hypothalamic innervation of the PP as well as (2) the site of production of previously found PRL releasing substance(s) have not yet been characterized. Denervation of the PP (PPD) is an effective method for having a selective lesion of the innervation of PP, indeed, PPD results in a disappearance of neurosecretory materials from NL and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity from IL, leaving blood supply of all three lobes intact. Blood samples were taken from freely moving sham an PP-denervated lactating rats before and after 4-h separation from their pups and during the suckling stimulus. PPD blocks separation-induced depletion but only attenuates suckling induced release of PRL. Furthermore, it doubles plasma level of alpha-MSH during the entire sampling period, which has been used as a marker for in vivo secretory activity of IL cells. Lack of the separation-induced depression in plasma PRL of PPD animals can be partially restored by normalizing the diabetes insipidus with treatment of a vasopressin analogue, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (dDAVP). In contrast, dDAVP, neither alone nor in combination with oxytocin (OXY), can change PPD-induced elevation of plasma alpha-MSH as well as attenuation of PRL response induced by suckling. It is concluded that: (1) contribution of the THDA system parallel to the confirmed role in the regulation of alpha-MSH seems to be crucial for the depletion of plasma PRL induced by separation but not for the elevation due to suckling stimulus, (2) intact hypothalamic innervations of both NL and IL, regulating water intake and the secretion of alpha-MSH, respectively, are necessary for normal secretory responses of AL during lactation, (3) as well as for the presence of PRF activity in PP, (4) which does not solely responsible for suckling-induced PRL release. Therefore, an interplay between several substances produced by NIL of the pituitary gland must have been responsible for the intact regulation of PRL secretion during lactation.
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PMID:Effect of posterior pituitary denervation (PPD) on prolactin (PRL) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) secretion of lactating rats. 922 42

Pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by depression of purified protein derivative-stimulated (PPD-stimulated) blastogenesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as decreased production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Circulating T cells and monocytes (MNs) are nonspecifically activated in situ. PPD directly stimulates the primed MNs from patients with tuberculosis (TB) to overproduce a panoply of cytokines including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and IL-10, which serve to depress PPD-stimulated blastogenesis and cytokine expression. Cross-modulation by these immunosuppressive MN products is superimposed on a primary T cell abnormality that persists for at least 12 months after the diagnosis of TB and involves apoptotic mechanisms.
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PMID:Regulation of the human immune response during tuberculosis. 939 Jun 34

PPD occurs in 10% to 20% of postpartum women. Maternal depression can affect a child's development significantly. Pediatricians can screen for maternal psychiatric illness with little effort; of all the health care professionals, they may be in the best position to do so. Pediatricians can help affected mothers obtain appropriate treatment and help mobilize social resources. This simple process can minimize morbidity to pediatric patients.
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PMID:Postpartum psychiatric illness: the role of the pediatrician. 955 63


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