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Query: UMLS:C0011551 (depersonalization)
 1,117 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depersonalisation (DP) and derealisation (DR) are subjective experiences of unreality in, respectively, one's sense of self and the outside world. These experiences occur on a continuum from transient episodes that are frequently reported in healthy individuals to a chronic psychiatric disorder that causes considerable distress (depersonalisation disorder: DPD). Despite the relatively high rates of reporting these symptoms, little research has been conducted into psychological treatments for this disorder. We report on an open study where 21 patients with DPD were treated individually with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The therapy involved helping the patients re-interpret their symptoms in a non-threatening way as well as reducing avoidances, safety behaviours and symptom monitoring. Significant improvements in patient-defined measures of DP/DR severity as well as standardised measures of dissociation, depression, anxiety and general functioning were found at post-treatment and six-months follow-up. Moreover, there were significant reductions in clinician ratings on the Present State Examination (Wing, Cooper & Sartorius, 1974), and 29% of participants no longer met criteria for DPD at the end of therapy. These initial results suggest that a CBT approach to DPD may be effective, but further trials with larger sample sizes and more rigorous research methodology are needed to determine the specificity of this approach.
Behav Res Ther 2005 Sep
PMID:Cognitive-behaviour therapy for depersonalisation disorder: an open study. 1600 1

In this report a patient with episodic depersonalization is described. As the depersonalization episodes had been attributed to partial seizures, this patient was treated with antiepileptic medication. However, clinical evaluation with long-term video/EEG revealed no evidence of seizure activity during the depersonalization episodes. On the other hand, further evaluation revealed findings that are frequently associated with focal epilepsy. In addition to episodic depersonalization, this patient had secondary generalized seizures. The relationship between episodic depersonalization, temporal lobe pathology, and epilepsy is discussed against the background of this case.
Epilepsy Behav 2005 Sep
PMID:Episodic depersonalization in focal epilepsy. 1604 78

Although the literature on depersonalization (DP) indicates links between DP and anxiety disorders, there has been no systematic investigation of the association of DP with social anxiety. The present study explores a hypothesized connection between DP and social anxiety by using correlative and regression analyses in a sample of 116 psychotherapy inpatients, 54 outpatients with epilepsy, and 31 nonpatients. Corresponding to our hypothesis, we found a connection of medium to large effect size between DP and social fears exceeding the impact of general psychopathologic symptom severity both for the psychotherapy patients and the nonpatients. The association of social anxiety with DP merits further research. A general consideration of DP in clinical and neurobiological trials on anxiety disorders like social phobia is warranted.
J Nerv Ment Dis 2005 Sep
PMID:Depersonalization and social anxiety. 1613 47

The Conservation of Resources (COR) model of burnout (Hobfoll & Freedy, 1993) suggests that resources are differentially related to burnout dimensions. In this paper, I provide a meta-analysis of the social support and burnout literature, finding that social support, as a resource, did not yield different relationships across the 3 burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment), challenging the COR model. However, when considering the source of the social support (work vs. nonwork) as a moderator, I found that work-related sources of social support, because of their more direct relationship to work demands, were more closely associated with exhaustion than depersonalization or personal accomplishment; the opposite pattern was found with nonwork sources of support. I discuss the implications of this finding in relation to the COR model and suggest future research directions to clarify the relationship between resources and burnout dimensions.
J Appl Psychol 2006 Sep
PMID:Sources of social support and burnout: a meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. 1695 74

By means of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, we examined job burnout among randomly selected nurses working on psychiatric (55 nurses) and medical units (51 nurses) at 2 university hospitals in Isfahan during 2003. Psychiatric nurses experienced a greater degree of emotional exhaustion than the medical nurses (P < 0.05). Significant positive correlation was noted between age, years of experience and frequency of on-calls and emotional exhaustion for the psychiatric nurses. Frequency of on-calls was also significantly associated with a sense of non-accomplishment. Longer duration of service was accompanied by higher degree of emotional depersonalization for the medical nurses.
East Mediterr Health J 2006 Sep
PMID:Job burnout in psychiatric and medical nurses in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1733 7

Less well-known among the psychiatric disorders, dissociation is one of the most common underlying symptoms of individuals seeking mental health care (Maldonado, 2001). Closely associated with post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation characteristics may include inconsistent consciousness, autobiographical forgetfulness, difficulties in self-regulation, regressions, alternate identities, disorganization in the development of a cohesive sense of self, depersonalization, and derealization (Trickett, Noll, Reiffman & Putnam, 2001). The major constructs and dimensions of the dissociative symptom disorders in adults are introduced. Several of the most prominent psychometric instruments that nurses and other mental health clinicians may use as adjuncts to diagnosis and treatment are described.
Issues Ment Health Nurs 2007 Sep
PMID:Dissociative symptom disorders in advanced nursing practice: background, treatment, and instrumentation to assess symptoms. 1778 77

Studies on HPA axis regulation in burnout revealed heterogeneous results, possibly due to different psychometric and endocrine measurements, heterogeneous samples or small sample sizes. In the present study, the relationship between salivary cortisol during the day (four time points: 0700 h, 1130 h, 1730 h, and 2000 h) and burnout as well as vital exhaustion was investigated in a large sample of 279 nurses. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which includes scales for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. A burnout criterion was assumed to be fulfilled, when any of the MBI scales was above the norm. Subjects with two burnout criterions fulfilled (N=18) were characterized by a higher cortisol release over the day compared to those reporting only one criterion (N=77) or no burnout (N=181) (ANOVA, p=.015). On the other hand, subjects who reported high levels of vital exhaustion did not differ from those who did not report signs of vital exhaustion. These findings provide further evidence for HPA axis dysregulation in burnout.
Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009 Sep
PMID:Elevated diurnal salivary cortisol in nurses is associated with burnout but not with vital exhaustion. 1932 Dec 66

The concept of burnout describes a number of destructive aspects in the health-care system, especially in nursing. A descriptive study was carried out in order to investigate the relationship between burnout and productivity among 200 baccalaureate nurses working in educational hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Burnout and productivity questionnaires were employed and the data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization had significant negative correlations with productivity. Also, a significant positive correlation was found between personal accomplishment and productivity. Efforts to alleviate burnout among nurses should lead to an increased quality of patient care and improved quality of work life; if not, health-care systems will pay the price for nurses' burnout through the quality of services that they offer.
Nurs Health Sci 2009 Sep
PMID:Burnout and productivity among Iranian nurses. 1968 34

Burnout is an important occupational problem for health care workers. We aimed to assess the burnout levels among oncology employees and to evaluate the sociodemographic and occupational factors contributing to burnout levels. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, which is designed to measure the three stages of burnout-emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA), was used. The study sample consisted of 90 participants with a median age of 34 (range 23-56). The mean levels of burnout in EE, DP and PA stages were 23.80 +/- 10.98, 5.21 +/- 4.99, and 36.23 +/- 8.05, respectively, for the entire sample. Among the 90 participants, 42, 20, and 35.6% of the employees had high levels of burnout in the EE, DP, and PA substage, respectively. Sociodemographic and occupational factors associated with higher levels of burnout included age of less than 35, being unmarried, being childless, >40 work hours per week, working on night shifts, and <10 years experience in the medicine/oncology field. Within all oncology clinics, medical oncology employees had the highest levels of burnout. Furthermore, employees who are not pleased with working in oncology field, who would like to change their specialty if they have an opportunity, and whose family and social lives have been negatively affected by their work experienced higher levels of burnout. Burnout syndrome may influence physical and mental health of the employee and affects the quality of health care as well. Therefore, several individual or organizational efforts should be considered for dealing with burnout.
Med Oncol 2010 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of burnout syndrome in oncology employees. 1978 1

Depersonalization disorder (DPD) is characterized by a subjective sense of detachment from one's own being and a sense of unreality. An examination of the psychobiology of depersonalization symptoms may be useful in understanding the cognitive-affective neuroscience of embodiment. DPD may be mediated by neurocircuitry and neurotransmitters involved in the integration of sensory processing and of the body schema, and in the mediation of emotional experience and the identification of feelings. For example, DPD has been found to involve autonomic blunting, deactivation of sub-cortical structures, and disturbances in molecular systems in such circuitry. An evolutionary perspective suggests that attenuation of emotional responses, mediated by deactivation of limbic structures, may sometimes be advantageous in response to inescapable stress.
CNS Spectr 2009 Sep
PMID:Cognitive-affective neuroscience of depersonalization. 1989 Feb 27


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