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 1,117 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe the effectiveness of a stress management workshop designed for physicians. Of the 64 medicine, pediatrics, and medicine-pediatrics residents who agreed to participate in the workshop, the 43 who could be freed from clinical responsibilities constituted the intervention group; the 21 residents who could not be freed from clinical responsibilities were asked to be the nonintervention group. The ESSI Stress Systems Instrument and Maslach Burnout Inventory were administered to control subjects and workshop participants 2 weeks before and 6 weeks after the workshop. The half-day workshops taught management of the stresses of medical practice through: (1) learning and practicing interpersonal skills that increase the availability of social support; (2) prioritization of personal, work, and educational demands; (3) techniques to increase stamina and attend to self-care needs; (4) recognition and avoidance of maladaptive responses; and (5) positive outlook skills. Overall, the ESSI Stress Systems Instrument test scores for the workshop participants improved (+1.27), while the nonintervention group's mean scores declined (-0.65). All 21 individual ESSI Stress Systems Instrument scale items improved for the workshop, compared with eight of 21 items for the nonintervention group. The workshop group improved in the Maslach Burnout Inventory emotional exhaustion scale and deteriorated less than the nonintervention group in the depersonalization scale. We conclude that a modest, inexpensive stress management workshop was received positively, and can lead to significant short-term improvement in stress and burnout test scores for medicine and pediatrics residents.
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PMID:A stress management workshop improves residents' coping skills. 195 33

The dimensionality of Maslach's (1982) 3 aspects of job burnout--emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment--was examined among a sample of supervisors and managers in the human services. A series of confirmatory factor analyses supported the 3-factor model, with the first 2 aspects highly correlated. The 3 aspects were found to be differentially related to other variables reflecting aspects of strain, stress coping, and self-efficacy in predictable and meaningful ways. Implications for better understanding the burnout process are discussed.
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PMID:On the meaning of Maslach's three dimensions of burnout. 198 Oct 64

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between role overload, social support, and burnout among nursing educators. Ninety percent (N = 141) of nursing educators from eight campuses of the California State University system completed a four-part questionnaire. Later, in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 nursing educators and five chairpersons. The findings indicated that a demanding job correlated, significantly and positively with almost all aspects of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization of students, and decreased sense of accomplishment). The degree of support from one's chairperson and peers correlated significantly and negatively with almost all aspects of burnout. The findings from the interviews verified these relationships. In the hierarchical regression analyses, a demanding job was the most important predictor of emotional exhaustion. Lack of peer support was the most important predictor of depersonalization towards students. Chairperson support was the most important predictor of a person's sense of accomplishment. Social support did not serve as a buffer against the negative effects of overload on burnout. It was concluded that attempts to alleviate burnout must directly address the extent of overload or the lack of support. Any attempt to mitigate the overload-burnout relationship by merely amplifying the amount of support is not likely to be effective.
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PMID:Role overload, social support, and burnout among nursing educators. 215 71

This study assessed burnout within a large Health Maintenance Organization. Primary care physicians and one psychiatric clinic staff were studied. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to develop frequency data in the areas of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. Among the primary care physicians, moderate emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization were found. Personal achievement was high. Among the psychiatric staff, high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were found. Again, personal achievement was high. The entire professional group, with the one exception, was significantly higher in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement than Maslach's normative sample. Psychiatrists and social workers had significantly higher scores on depersonalization than the primary care physicians or psychologists. High burnout in a Health Maintenance Organization setting suggests that managed health care providers may be more prone to burnout than fee-for-service practitioners. Several suggestions were made for such organizations to help alleviate burnout in their staffs.
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PMID:Burnout among primary care physicians and mental health professionals in a managed health care setting. 260 36

Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur among individuals who do "people work" of some kind. Health care providers, including dentists, are at high risk for burnout because their occupation often requires intense interaction with fearful, demanding patients on a daily basis. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of burnout among Texas dentists using a standardized measurement device, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Dentists attending the 1989 Texas Dental Association Annual Session were surveyed using the MBI. The respondents' results were analyzed and compared to each other as well as to the norms of medicine and to society (human service workers nationwide). Among the Texas sample, male dentists scored significantly higher for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than did female dentists. When compared to the norms of medical workers, Texas dentists scored higher burnout in the depersonalization subscale, but lower burnout for personal accomplishment. The Texas sample again scored lower for burnout in the personal accomplishment subscale when compared to societal norms. At no time did the Texas sample fall into the high range of experienced burnout as defined by the survey instrument. Texas dentists did not appear "burned out" as a group and actually demonstrated an increased sense of personal accomplishment in their profession.
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PMID:Are Texas dentists burned out? 263 47

Relationships between empathy and burnout and possible confounding influences of sex and profession were explored in a sample of 492 male and female nurses, social workers, and teachers. Respondents completed Mehrabian's Emotional Empathy Scale, Stotland's Fantasy-Empathy Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). There were no main effects of profession on empathy or burnout variables. There was, however, an interaction effect of sex and profession on depersonalization, which was accounted for by subjects in social work and teaching. Women had significantly higher empathy scores than men; however, men had higher scores than male normative groups. Age related negatively to depersonalization and emotional exhaustion for women, whereas percentage of work time spent in direct practice correlated with depersonalization for men. The possibility that empathy and burnout might represent opposite poles of the same underlying construct was examined but not found. Instead, emotional empathy was significantly positively correlated with both emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, whereas emotional exhaustion was also positively related to depersonalization. It is hypothesized that high emotional empathy may predispose helping professionals to emotional exhaustion and that emotional exhaustion, if not mediated by personal accomplishment, may lead to the development of depersonalization. This more complex, interactive model of the empathy-burnout relationship needs longitudinal study.
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PMID:Empathy and burnout in male and female helping professionals. 272 23

This study was conducted to establish normative data as well as evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the three subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory when given to a national sample of USA licensed practicing pharmacists. Data were subjected to principal factors analysis with iteration and a varimax rotation to obtain a three-factor solution. Visual analysis and statistical comparison provided empirical support for the presence of the hypothesized (a priori) constructs of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Lack of Personal Accomplishment. Internal consistency of the derived subscales, as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, were comparable with previous data. Pharmacists' subscale scores were significantly lower than those obtained in studies of the helping professions.
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PMID:Maslach Burnout Inventory: factor structures and norms for USA pharmacists. 276 54

This study examined the effect of designated interventions in nursing practice problems on levels of burnout in nurses. A battery of tests measuring burnout, self-esteem, depression, personal accomplishment, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion were given to nurses in experimental and control groups. Pre- and post-test data were gathered for both groups. The treatment included a 2-day conference which was designed as a respite experience to address problems specific to the nursing profession. Results indicate significantly less burnout, less frequency of depersonalization, and significantly greater frequency of personal accomplishment in the scores of the experimental group relative to the control group. This study shows that specific interventions can be used to benefit the emotional well-being of nurses by providing them with a respite opportunity and the skills to manage key stressors in their professional environment.
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PMID:Interventions for nursing practice problems. 276 13

1. Approximately one third of the sample study fit Maslach's burnout profile, with low personal accomplishment, high depersonalization, and high emotional exhaustion. Perceived stress was a significant predictor of the sense of personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion. 2. Both male and female subjects had low to moderate mean scores on the social support scale. Social support as measured in this study was limited to that received from coworkers and supervisors. 3. The results of this study point to a need for intervention in this setting. Specific interventions for decreasing stress and thus decreasing chances for burnout are discussed. 4. The development of a broad employee health care program is an example of a primary prevention intervention to decrease stress in this setting. Such a program would include instruction in methods of stress reduction and stress management, including exercise and relaxation techniques.
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PMID:Occupational burnout among correctional health workers. Perceived levels of stress and social support. 277 84

We conducted a study to measure participating practitioners' burnout levels and to identify coping methods used by these physicians to manage stress. A cross-sectional study was done with a sample of 77 physicians employed in emergency departments in 24 private, public, and university-affiliated teaching hospitals in the greater Los Angeles area. Data revealed that 60% of the physicians reported medium to high emotional exhaustion and 78% medium to high depersonalization, while 84% reported medium to high levels of personal achievement. Physicians who reported high levels of job satisfaction and personal accomplishment use a balanced number of short- and long-term coping methods in dealing with stress. Further studies should be undertaken to facilitate in-depth analysis of the characteristics of those emergency physicians who report low levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization as well as high levels of personal achievement to identify factors that lead to the successful practice of emergency medicine.
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PMID:Management of stress and prevention of burnout in emergency physicians. 278 61


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