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Query: UMLS:C0011551 (depersonalization)
 1,117 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report four observations of women who had acute or subacute psychotic crisis and who were stabilized without any manifestation. In order to delay delivery these women received during pre-partum high doses of beta-mimetic drugs (isoxsuprine and salbutamol). Such a prescription seems to have been responsible of acute and transient psychotic symptoms similar to those observed in drug-induced psychosis (derealisation preceeding depersonalization, visual and auditory hallucinations, anxiety). Recently Gluckman has described a similar case to those reported here. But in his case the conditions of coming out were different and there was a lack of psychotic antecedents. Previous works concerning "psychotic-like" effects of beta-blokers rise the question of possible psychodysleptic effects of beta-mimetic drugs.
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PMID:[Psychosensorial manifestations observed in psychotic patients treated with betamimetic drugs]. 1 32

The administration of delta9THC intravenously as a premedicant to oral surgery resulted in acute pronounced elevations in anxiety states, a predominance of dysphoria over euphoria, and varying degrees of psychotic-like paranoiac thought. Neural effects that appeared to promote these effects included distortions of perception with sensory delusions, and heightened sensory receptiveness including antalgesic impressions of surgery; autonomic and visceral arousal greater than control or placebo levels; lack of overt behavioral signals of distress due to depersonalization; and time disintegration leading to fear-inducing misinformation about real surgical events. Introverted subjects who generally were inclined to rely on drug solutions to their problems tended to respond poorly to surgical pain and anxiety with delta9THC. These results, obtained from subjects considered to have levels of presurgical apprehension that were average or below average, suggest that the environment in which high doses of cannabinols are experienced is a potent factor in determining the quality of the emotional response. A surgical environment containing even the mild stress of outpatient oral surgery appears to have the potential to precipitate undesirable emotional responses among cannabinol-intoxicated patients. There is continued high-level social use of cannabinols inour society, with an estimate of 40% to 55% among the college-age group seen frequently by oral surgeons. Results of this study suggest that clinicians should be prepared to detect the subtle signs of marijuana intoxication to protect their patients from further psychophysiologic complications during surgery.
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PMID:Emotional response to intravenous delta9tetrahydrocannabinol during oral surgery. 106 33

Through reference to his letters and fiction, this paper attempts to demonstrate how Conrad made use of depersonalization in order to cope with the childhood loss of his parents and to avoid, whenever possible, psychotic regression. Genetic and dynamic aspects of depersonalization are noted along with the relationship between dream and depersonalization.
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PMID:The significance of depersonalization in the life and writings of Joseph Conrad. 110 23

The psychopathological basis of schizophrenia is psychic alienation which is understood as a complex of interrelated syndromes of psychosensory pathology, phobic obsessions, forcible states, depersonalization, psychic automatism and halluconatory-delusional disorders. Manifestations of psychic alienation in the premorbid period, in the initial stage and in the psychotic stage are considered, as well as the genesis and significance of psychic alienation.
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PMID:[Psychic alienation, a main link in the formation of the psychopathology of schizophrenia]. 117 94

The effects of LSD are characterized by a number of disturbances of perception and experience, which can be observed in the fields of visual, spatial and temporal perception and of affectivity. We also see disturbances of experience, which can otherwise be observed only in psychoses, for example reduction or change of cognitive functions, but also depersonalization and euphoria. In atypical courses of intoxication ("horror-trips") anxiety and excitement are predominant. Atypical courses of intoxication may be interrupted by "talk down" and additional application of tranquilizers. In a certain number of LSD-users in our clinic we saw psychoses. We classify them into flash-backs, exogenic (toxic) psychoses and so-called "endoform psychoses". The latter implies three possible constellations: accidental coincidence of LSD-use and psychosis; pre-existing psychosis with symptomatic use of LSD as an attempt of self-treatment; finally the onset of a psychosis may be triggered by the use of the halluzinogen. From the symptomatological cross-section they cannot reliably be distinguished from real schizophrenia. An independent nosological unit "LSD-psychosis" does not seem to exist.
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PMID:[Problems of toxic psychosis as illustrated on the example of the so-called LSD psychosis]. 119 15

From a sample of 1,005 patients admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital in Aarhus for the first time during the period 1950-1959 and diagnosed as suffering from manic-depressive psychosis or endogenous depression (affective psychoses), a subsample of 104 manic-depressive patients with anancastic symptoms in the history was selected. The 104 probands were individually matched with 104 non-anancastic probands with affective psychoses. The study was designed as a follow-up study, and the patients who were still living were seen personally. In the search for factors which could be used to distinguish affective psychoses with anancastic symptoms from affective psychoses without these traits, the incidence of a number of psychopathological features was evaluated based on the case histories and the information given by the patients at the follow-up. There was no difference as far as atypical, schizophrenia-like symptoms were concerned between the anancastic probands and the controls. Manic and hypomanic features were more frequent among the controls, corresponding to a greater number of bipolar psychoses among them. At the same time, the controls showed a significant preponderance of decidedly psychotic symptoms such as disturbances of consciousness, delusions and delusion-like ideas and hallucinations. Furthermore, retardation was more frequent among the controls. There was no difference in the suicidal behaviour of the two groups. Symptoms which were more often met among the anancastic depressives were: anxiety, agitation, diurnal variation of mood and early awakening. Seasonal variation in symptomatology was also more frequent among the anancastic probands. The same held true for depersonalization. The anancastic probands showed a significant preponderance of anancastic premorbid personality features. A positive correlation was found between the number of anancastic personality features and the following symptoms: agitation, anxiety, diurnal fluctuation, seasonal variation, hypochondriacal attitude and depersonalization. On the other hand, objective retardation or flight of ideas showed a significant negative correlation. The pattern of the anancastic symptoms was rather uniform; aggressive obsessions, mostly in the form of suicidal and homicidal obsessions, were present in more than two thirds of the cases. The anancastic depressions were often less severe than non-anancastic depressions in that the latter were more often complicated by decidedly psychotic symptoms. It is possible to interpret the symptomatology of anancastic depressions as a pathoplastic influence of the anancastic personality, but it cannot be excluded that some of the symptoms like anxiety and agitation are linked to the presence of anancastic symptoms as such.
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PMID:The psychopathology of anancastic endogenous depression. 119 73

To specify the clinical picture, criteria for differential diagnosis and for medicolegal estimation of transitory psychogenic psychoses, 26 servicemen admitted irresponsible in respect to the actions committed in a state of psychosis were examined. Responsible servicemen who committed crimes in a state of physiological affect (n-26) or at the moment of acute situational personality reactions (n-26) were examined as reference groups. It has been established that transitory psychogenic psychoses occurred in servicemen with a definite personality and mental disposition (inhibited pathocharacteristic features and phenomena of residual organic brain injury) in a chronic (from 3 to 12 months) psychotraumatizing situation of permanent ill treatment and humiliation, causing long sleep deprivation. 3 stages were distinguished in the development of psychosis: stage I (preneurotic) was partial mental disadaptation; stage II (neurotic) involved further development of the phenomena of partial disadaptation and was characterized by well-defined asthenoneurotic and depressive dysphoric syndromes and not infrequently by syndromes of autistic aggressive fantasies; stage III was complete mental disadaptation marked only by transitory psychoses. The latter stage was short-lived (commonly lasting several hours), characterized by psychotic depth and by unmarked phenomena of agitated depression and pathological interpretations. Psychogenic psychosis that occurred in the presence of the above symptoms manifested, as a rule, by a depressive raptus with severe psychomotor excitation, vital melancholy, fragmentary hyperquantivalent depressive delirium, and phenomena of deep depersonalization and derealization.
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PMID:[Transient psychogenic psychoses in servicemen]. 133 64

Little consensus or systematic research exists regarding the symptoms that constitute depersonalization and its association with affective and perceptual dysfunctions. A scale was constructed to measure depersonalization experiences reported in the literature and four items representing psychotic symptoms. Five factors representing different types of depersonalization emerged: Inauthenticity, Self-Negation, Self-Objectification, Derealization, and Body Detachment. Based on the factors, scales were constructed; these scales have internal consistency ranging from .78 to .84. Each of these factor scales was factorially distinguishable from psychosis and correlated between .48 and .58 with the Jackson and Messick (1972) Feelings of Unreality Scale, suggesting divergent and convergent validity. Inauthenticity, the most frequent and pervasive form of depersonalization experience, was best predicted by a cognitive style featuring intense, critical examination of self and others. In contrast, Self-Objectification was best predicted by thought disorganization and perceptual distortion and was experienced somewhat infrequently by relatively few subjects. All forms of depersonalization were associated with depression, except Inauthenticity.
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PMID:Toward the clarification of the construct of depersonalization and its association with affective and cognitive dysfunctions. 143 64

Interferon alpha is the only available therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B. With interferon alpha 3-15 MU thrice weekly or 5 MU daily during 3-6 months one-third of the patients achieve seroconversion of HBeAg and HBV-DNA together with normalization of aminotransferases and slight improvement of histology. Loss of HBsAg is reported in a minority of responders during treatment, but increases during follow-up. Patients with baseline alanine aminotransferase of at least twice the upper limit of normal and low HBV-DNA concentration achieve the best response rates. HIV-positive patients with low CD4 counts and Asians are poor responders. As side-effects influenza-like symptoms are experienced by almost all patients. Mild leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and decreased hairgrowth are frequently reported. Severe depression, depersonalization and psychosis are reported in a small number of patients but tend to be poorly recognized in some studies. The decision whether dose reduction is indicated seems strongly related to the opinion of the investigator. Although long-term effects on the occurrence of cirrhosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are not available yet, the achieved results are promising.
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PMID:Current status of interferon alpha in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. 143 94

The author investigated neurotic symptoms of borderline patients by reviewing the clinical charts of twenty-six patients of longer than one year treatment period (8 men, 18 women; 23 patients with DSM III-R borderline personality disorder (BPD), 14 with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), (11 BPD-SPD overlaps); age at the first contact: mean = 24.3 y. o., SD = 6.7 y. o.; treatment period: mean = 51 months, SD = 35 months). The diagnoses of the comorbid neurotic disorders were obsessive compulsive disorder: 5 cases (19% (BPD: 22%, SPD: 7%)), somatoform disorder: 5 (19% (BPD: 22%, SPD: 21%)), panic disorder: 4 (15% (BPD: 17%, SPD: 14%)), social phobia: 2 (8% (BPD: 9%, SPD: 7%)), dissociative disorder: 2 (8% (BPD: 9%, SPD: 0%)), and generalized anxiety disorder: 1 (4% (BPD: 4%, SPD: 7%)). The neurotic symptoms identified in the charts of the subjects were as follows; symptoms of social phobia: 11 cases (42% (BPD: 43%, SPD: 43%)) including 6 with anthropophobic symptoms (23% (BPD: 26%, SPD: 36%)), obsessive compulsive symptoms and diffuse and floating anxiety: 9 (35% (BPD: 39%, SPD: 38%)), panic attacks: 8 (31% (BPD: 35%, SPD: 36%)), conversion symptoms: 7 (27% (BPD: 30%, SPD: 21%)), dissociative episodes: 6 (23% (BPD: 26%, SPD: 7%)), depersonalization: 5 (19% (BPD: 22%, SPD: 14%)), multiple apprehensive expectations: 4 (15% (BPD: 17%, SPD: 14%)), derealization: 3 (12% (BPD: 13%, SPD: 14%)), hyperventilation attacks: 3 (12% (BPD: 13%, SPD: 7%)), and somatization: 1 (4% (BPD: 4%, SPD: 7%)). In short, 54% (BPD: 61%, SPD: 43%) of the subjects had comorbid neurotic disorders, and 92% (BPD: 91%, SPD: 93%) reported at least one, and 54% (BPD: 61%, SPD: 50%), more than two kinds of neurotic symptoms, though no specific symptom correlating with BPD or SPD diagnosis was found. These findings suggest that neurotic symptoms and neurotic disorders cannot be ignored as peripheral in the borderline symptomatology. By analyzing in detail the neurotic experiences, the author pointed out as their characteristics, ego syntonicity, deterioration of reality sense and symptomatic polymorphism, ambiguity and multiplicity (panneurosis). In the symptoms the author observed signs of defective personality functioning such as disavowal of reality, low anxiety tolerance, various forms of identity disturbances. The findings counted above, suggest that the borderline neurotic symptoms are more severe in nature than those of neurotics, and could be situated in between neurotic and psychotic levels of symptomatic severity. The results indicate that the neurotic experiences of borderline patients are, as a whole, deeply ingrained in the borderline psychopathology.
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PMID:[Neurotic symptoms of borderline patients: a case review study]. 143 98


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