Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011551 (depersonalization)
 1,117 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The theoretical distinction between psychopathology based on intrapsychic conflict and psychopathology rooted in a developmental arrest is applied to an analysis of death anxiety, hypochondriasis and depersonalization. The defensive functions of these states are contrasted with instances in which they are symptomatic of interferences with the consolidation of a structurally cohesive and temporally stable self representation. Clinical material is presented to demonstrate that, in their arrested developmental aspects, death anxiety, hypochondriasis and depersonalization are closely related to one another along a continuum of narcissistic decompensation and signal varying degrees or stages of self-fragmentation.
 ...
PMID:Defensive and arrested developmental aspects of death anxiety, hypochondriasis and depersonalization. 55 58

In a questionnaire survey, a list of 64 psychiatric diagnostic labels was presented to 20 randomly selected Japanese psychiatrists affiliated to a university department of psychiatry. For each label, they were asked (2) whether they used it in everyday practice, (b) whether they rarely used it but would do so if faced with such a case, or (c) whether they had never and would never use it. It was found that these Japanese psychiatrists used a relatively small number of diagnostic categories; in their classificatory system, functional mental disorders would be dichotomized into psychoses and neuroses with the former further divided into schizophrenic, atypical and manic-depressive psychoses, and the latter divided into seven subcategories, i.e., anxiety neurosis, hysteria, depressive neurosis, phobia, obsessive compulsive neurosis, depersonalization neurosis and hypochondriasis.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric diagnosis in Japan. 1. A study on diagnostic labels used by practitioners. 260 22

This presentation about lack of communication on contraception between staff and patients in an outpatient mental hospital consists of 7 parts: 1) an exposition of the authors' hypothesis; 2) the subject matter and method of this study, i.e., analysis of recorded staff interviews; 3) a description of the transcripts on a textual level; 4) an inventory of staff opinions classified by the key words: "contraception, abortion, mental patient, relatives, psychiatrist and responsibility;" 5) an "analysis of structures" implied by these themes; 6) "incarnations of contraception," i.e., 12 typical histories of mental patients given or denied contraception or abortion; and 7) a conclusion. The hypothesis is that contraception speaks precisely to therapists in the repetitive relationship implied constantly by the psychotic course, in terms of desire, identity, bodily organization and structure of speech. This study is based on 10 recorded conversations between a female intern and individual hospital staff members, prompted by a newspaper article about a young psychotic given oral contraceptives without her knowledge. The transcripts revealed denial of the issue, depersonalization, projection and delegation of responsibility to others. When grouped into the 6 key words, the opinions uncovered a vast somatic field, confusion couched in metonymic figures of speech, such as using the term "woman" for "mental patient," moral, genital and sexual connotations. Mental patients were depersonalized; parental roles were confused in speaking of contraception for the patients; physicians were considered judges; responsibility was denied for the patients and avoided generally. The authors' structural analysis took the form of a diagram with responsibility in the center, always preceded or followed by contraception and abortion, and by the triangle psychiatrist-relatives-patient (or mother, young person or woman). Maternity or relationships were always excluded. The 12 anecdotes included hysteria, schizophrenia, hypochondria, obsession, drug abuse, latent homosexuality, repeated pregnancies, self-induced abortions, sterilization, abortion, pills, injections and castration without the patients' consent, or with their ambivalince toward these procedures. Thus, contraception resulted in structural reversals in both patients and staff, involving the fundamental access to genitality for patients and defensive constructions by staff, which is not surprising in a cultural milieu which confuses sexuality and procreation.
 ...
PMID:[The problem of contraception in young psychotics treated in a day care hospital]. 444 86

Eighty-six patients suffering from nonpsychotic unipolar major depressive disorder, according to Research Diagnostic Criteria, were rated on a modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS). All completed the self-rating Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Distal colon motility (dcm) studies, performed in all the patients, differentiated two types: low intestinal tone (low-IT) = 40 subjects, and high intestinal tone (high-IT) = 46 subjects. Low-IT depressed patients showed a statistically significant preponderance in the HRS items 'retardation', 'somatization', 'fatigability', 'hypochondriasis' and 'obsessional symptoms'. The high-IT depressed patients, on the other hand, showed preponderance in the items 'guilt', 'suicide', 'insomnia', 'agitation', 'anxiety psychic', 'loss of insight', 'depersonalization' and 'paranoid symptoms'. A positive correlation (r) was found between HRS- and BDI-mean total scores. In addition, a positive correlation (r) was found between HRS scores and distal colon tone in high-IT patients, although the same was not true for low-IT patients. Our results suggest the existence of two subtypes of depressive syndromes, distinguishable on the basis of distal colon motility profiles.
 ...
PMID:Distal colon motility and clinical parameters in depression. 622 40

Using split sample discriminant function analysis on a series of 63 consecutive depressed outpatients, the authors identified several items on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale that were associated with dexamethasone resistance (late and middle insomnia, retardation, somatic and psychic anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms), and several items that were associated with dexamethasone suppression (genital symptoms, somatic-general symptoms, hypochondriasis, early insomnia, and depersonalization). The accuracy of the classification function was 100% for the index split sample, 84% for the overall sample, and 72% for the other split sample. The implications of these findings are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Depressive symptoms associated with dexamethasone resistance. 658 25

The development stereotype of slowly progressive schizophrenia is determined by a long subclinical course (latent period), a protracted stage of florid psychopathological signs (active period) and an eventual stabilization seen in the late phases of the process. The clinical picture of the active period and the defect structure is characterized by axial symptoms, the typology of which is considered as a basis of the following systematics of slowly progressive schizophrenia: 1) latent schizophrenia; 2) slowly progressive schizophrenia with obsessions; 3) slowly progressive schizophrenia with hysterical symptoms; 4)slowly progressive schizophrenia with depersonalization; 5) hypochondriacal schizophrenia (non-delusional hypochondria); 6) slowly progressive delusional schizophrenia; 7) slowly progressive schizophrenia with a prevalence of affective disturbances; 8) schizophrenia with poor symptoms.
 ...
PMID:[Independence of the slowly progressive form of schizophrenia]. 701 Aug 49

The therapeutic efficacy, utility and safety of bifemelane hydrochloride were studied in 52 elderly depressive patients. The drug was administered as a tablet containing 50 mg orally three times daily for 8 consecutive weeks. The final global improvement rating and global utility rating were respectively 80.8 and 73.1 percent for all patients. The improvement rates on the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) were more than 60% for depressed mood, guilt, suicide, middle insomnia, delayed insomnia, psychotic anxiety, gastro-intestinal symptom, hypochondriasis, depersonalization and derealization. The rates regarding global symptoms evaluated by the Psychoneurotic rating scale for doctor's use were more than 60% for tension, agitation, irritability and excitement, phobia, depression, hypochondria and nocturnal delirium in psychotic symptoms, and insomnia in addition to palpitation in somatic symptoms. A significant decrease was also observed in the symptoms covered by the Self-rating depression scale of Zung after treatment with this drug. There were no instances of side-effects, nor any abnormalities in laboratory tests, encountered throughout the trial. Therefore, bifemelane hydrochloride is of value for the treatment of geriatric depression.
 ...
PMID:The effects of bifemelane hydrochloride on depressive illness of the elderly. 749 Jan 69

Pathogenetic mechanisms of "neuroses" were reconsidered based on a behavioristic framework which includes not only the traditional stimulus-response learning theory but also the concept of conflict proposed by Lewin. Most of the subtypes of "neuroses"--with the exception of panic disorder--were divided into two categories: conditioned fear-related disorders and conflict-related disorders. Phobias have been suggested to be caused by an escape or avoidance behavior motivated by an unconditioned or conditioned fear and obsessive compulsive disorder by an avoidance behavior motivated by a conditioned fear, while such disorders as posttraumatic disorder or hypochondriasis (nosophobia) were considered to be direct manifestations of conditioned fear. Generalized anxiety and depersonalization disorders were suggested to be caused by conflicts, but these conflicts seemed to persist even after the appearance of the symptoms. In contrast, appearances of conversion, somatization, somatoform pain, psychogenic fugue, or psychogenic amnesia were suggested to result in a temporary attenuation of the causative conflicts.
 ...
PMID:A tentative classification of "neuroses" based on behavioristic consideration of the pathogenetic mechanisms. 820 88

In a sample of 131 patients with panic disorder, we explored both the presence of DSM-III-R criteria for hypochondriasis and the occurrence of illness phobia before the onset of panic disorder. To explore further the possible relationship between hypochondriacal features and panic-agoraphobic syndrome, we compared patients both with and without current hypochondriasis and then patients both with and without illness phobia before the onset of panic disorder. Finally, we investigated the relationship between premorbid phobic-anxious traits and hypochondriasis during panic disorder. No differences were found between patients with and without hypochondriasis, either in terms of clinical features or in the course of panic disorder. Patients with illness phobia before the onset of panic disorder reported higher levels of anticipatory anxiety in nonagoraphobic situations and more depersonalization and derealization during panic attacks, and they met our definition of phobic-anxious temperament more frequently than the rest of the sample. This would suggest that illness phobia before the onset of panic disorder may be viewed either as a separate disorder, a prodrome, or a mild, early-onset form of panic disorder without full-blown attacks. Although patients with premorbid illness phobia are more likely to develop hypochondriasis after the onset of panic disorder, approximately 40% of them do not; therefore, illness phobia should not be considered the only factor that influences the development of hypochondriasis during panic disorder.
 ...
PMID:Hypochondriasis and illness phobia in panic-agoraphobic patients. 905 32

Alcoholism, especially the urge to drink and relapse from abstinence, is deeply associated with obsession. And also alcoholics on abstinent 10 years or more are still higher on the obsessive-compulsive symptom dimension more than the depression and interpersonal sensitivity. Obsession was introduced by Kraepelin in 1915 and has been studied extensively since. When a person with obsession becomes exhausted with chronic rumination accompanied suspicion, he or she is driven to impulsive acts like alcoholics, and develops a personality disorder that displays persistent abnormal activities. Impulsive-compulsive spectrum characterizes by dimensions of risk-aversive/risk-seeking and harm-avoidant/harm- minimizing behaviors. Disorders on the compulsive end of the spectrum include obsessive-compulsive disorder, hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder, anorexia nervosa an depersonalization. Mixed compulsive and impulsive disorders include Tourette's disorder, trichotillomania, pathologic gambling, sexual compulsions and alcoholism. Disorders on the impulsive end of the spectrum include borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Using 123I-IMP SPECT, regional cerebral blood flow significantly decreased in alcoholics without Korsakoff sign (WAIS FIQ 90 or over) than alcoholics with Korsakoff signs (WAIS FIQ 89 or under) and control on the frontal lobe and thalamus. Recent model of obsessive-compulsive pathophysiology demonstrating that cortical regions have different effects on the direct and indirect pathways, indicates that the the different effects of serotonergic agents in the cortex alone could result in a change in balance between the direct versus indirect basal ganglia pathway. This article reviews alcoholism and obsession, ego dystonic and ego syntonic, approach-avoidance conflict, a recent biological approach to alcoholics and a spectrum for obsession.
 ...
PMID:[Dependence and obsession]. 1020 21


1