Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011551 (depersonalization)
 1,117 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To specify the clinical picture, criteria for differential diagnosis and for medicolegal estimation of transitory psychogenic psychoses, 26 servicemen admitted irresponsible in respect to the actions committed in a state of psychosis were examined. Responsible servicemen who committed crimes in a state of physiological affect (n-26) or at the moment of acute situational personality reactions (n-26) were examined as reference groups. It has been established that transitory psychogenic psychoses occurred in servicemen with a definite personality and mental disposition (inhibited pathocharacteristic features and phenomena of residual organic brain injury) in a chronic (from 3 to 12 months) psychotraumatizing situation of permanent ill treatment and humiliation, causing long sleep deprivation. 3 stages were distinguished in the development of psychosis: stage I (preneurotic) was partial mental disadaptation; stage II (neurotic) involved further development of the phenomena of partial disadaptation and was characterized by well-defined asthenoneurotic and depressive dysphoric syndromes and not infrequently by syndromes of autistic aggressive fantasies; stage III was complete mental disadaptation marked only by transitory psychoses. The latter stage was short-lived (commonly lasting several hours), characterized by psychotic depth and by unmarked phenomena of agitated depression and pathological interpretations. Psychogenic psychosis that occurred in the presence of the above symptoms manifested, as a rule, by a depressive raptus with severe psychomotor excitation, vital melancholy, fragmentary hyperquantivalent depressive delirium, and phenomena of deep depersonalization and derealization.
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PMID:[Transient psychogenic psychoses in servicemen]. 133 64

As many as 180 children aged 4 to 14 years with depression and pain were examined. According to psychopathology senesthopathic pains, pains with vital depersonalization, hallucinatory pains, and pains marked by elements of delirious perception, and undifferentiated pains were distinguished. The authors review some typological varieties of depression and pain: somatoalgic crises associated with somatized depression and pains associated with depression and depersonalization, somatoalgic crises in depression associated with pseudoneurological disorders, somatoalgic crises in the structure of nocturnal fears in the presence of anxious depression, somatoalgic crises in the presence of short-term well-defined episodes of psychomotor excitation or stupor with fear, distress, dysphoria, hallucinations, senesthohypochondriac conditions in the presence of anxiety, somatoalgia in the structure of the depressive and delirious syndrome. Discuss problems of the disease entities, pathogenesis and therapy.
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PMID:[Pain syndrome in children with depression]. 217 25

Transient amnesias, fugues, twilight states, automatisms, depersonalization, and furors or explosive disorders can occur in association with, or be caused by, various medications or substance-induced organic brain states. Agents capable of precipitating dissociative-like states include alcohol, barbiturates and similarly acting hypnotics, benzodiazepines, scopolamine, clioquinol, beta-adrenergic blockers, marijuana and certain psychedelic drugs, general anesthetics, and others. The presentations of substance-induced dissociative states may resemble those of functional dissociative disorders, or organic and psychogenic dissociative factors may coexist and be intertwined or indistinguishable. Organic dissociative states are distinct from intoxication, amnestic disorder, frank delirium, or other organic mental disorders as specified in DSM-III and DSM-III-R, yet these diagnostic manuals have no inclusive category or coherent nosological approach to dissociative states not strictly psychogenic in etiology. Substance-induced and other organic dissociative disorders can have clinical, medicolegal, and neuropsychological significance. They provide a unique opportunity for the study of mind-brain relationships and should be included in psychiatric nosology.
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PMID:Substance-induced dissociative disorders and psychiatric nosology. 265 80

The effects of THIP, a GABA agonist, were examined in patients with anxiety disorders. Eight patients were prescribed THIP (5-20 mg) to be taken three times a day for 2 weeks in a single-blind study, with placebo conditions preceding and following the active drug period. Anxiety ratings significantly decreased on several measures during active drug treatment and increased again with placebo administration. However, the anxiolytic effects of THIP appeared to be weak and occurred at, or close to dose levels which induced sedation and undesirable side effects. As with other GABA agonists and GABA-mimetic drugs, side effects included giddiness, depersonalization, poor concentration, and transitory delirious states, suggesting that excessive stimulation of the GABAergic system may disrupt normal brain functioning.
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PMID:Effects of THIP on chronic anxiety. 641 2

Infectious psychoses were studied clinically in 60 children divided into three age groups: 3-7 years, 7-12 years and 12-17 years. Acute respiratory diseases, influenza, tonsillitis, otitis were the etiologic factors of psychoses. Short-term delirium states characterized by visual and tactile hallucinations prevailed in the first group. Affective-asthenic syndromes prevailed in the second group children. Their psychoses were characterized by both visual and acoustic illusions. Protracted or periodical disorders of the consciousness including psychosensory, senestopathic and depersonalization ones prevailed in the third group.
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PMID:[Age and infectious psychoses in children and adolescents]. 685 89

The therapeutic efficacy, utility and safety of bifemelane hydrochloride were studied in 52 elderly depressive patients. The drug was administered as a tablet containing 50 mg orally three times daily for 8 consecutive weeks. The final global improvement rating and global utility rating were respectively 80.8 and 73.1 percent for all patients. The improvement rates on the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) were more than 60% for depressed mood, guilt, suicide, middle insomnia, delayed insomnia, psychotic anxiety, gastro-intestinal symptom, hypochondriasis, depersonalization and derealization. The rates regarding global symptoms evaluated by the Psychoneurotic rating scale for doctor's use were more than 60% for tension, agitation, irritability and excitement, phobia, depression, hypochondria and nocturnal delirium in psychotic symptoms, and insomnia in addition to palpitation in somatic symptoms. A significant decrease was also observed in the symptoms covered by the Self-rating depression scale of Zung after treatment with this drug. There were no instances of side-effects, nor any abnormalities in laboratory tests, encountered throughout the trial. Therefore, bifemelane hydrochloride is of value for the treatment of geriatric depression.
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PMID:The effects of bifemelane hydrochloride on depressive illness of the elderly. 749 Jan 69

In this article, the authors report two observations of short delusion that occurred after taking Guronsan--a psychostimulant commercialized in France--for a few days, with the intention of maintaining a total deprivation of sleep for three days in both cases. The ensuing clinical picture included a state of depersonalization, a loss of the sense of reality, illusions and even visual hallucinations as well as a delirious feeling of persecution. These disorders altered with the state of vigilance and the patients remembered them clearly. The authors discussed the etiopathogenic role of this psychotrope, as its components--acid ascorbic, glucuronamide and caffein--are not mentioned in literature as causing factors of a psychotic state. Then they compared this psychotrope with other molecules: amphetamines in particular may start a delirium of persecution, but normally they just reveal an underlying psychotic structure, which doesn't seem to be the case here, where the two young adults were only found a little immature. Chloroquine has sometimes been incriminated for disorders similar to those mentioned above, with a difference lying in a greater stability in the duration of these disorders that would persist several days after the end of the treatment. The clinical picture of the two cases was more labile and sedation was complete as soon as the absorption of the psychotrope was interrupted and sleep was restored at the same time. That is why the authors emphasize the importance of the deprivation of sleep as a causing factor of those delusion disorders which have particularly been observed in the case of solitary navigators. The psychiatrist dealing with emergencies shouldn't overlook this clinical and etiological possibility, all the less so as the treatment is simple and the resort to neuroleptics unnecessary.
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PMID:[Delusion and sleep deprivation]. 876 52

Aging is a physiological process that shares many behavioral, biochemical and neuroendocrine phenomena with the pathophysiological situation of unresolved stress, as well as with a pharmacologically induced syndrome resulting from chronic benzodiazepine (BZ) consumption. Behavioral findings include symptoms such as drowsiness, ataxia, fatigue, confusion, weakness, dizziness, vertigo, syncope, reversible dementia, depression, impairment of intellectual, psychomotor and sexual function, agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations, paranoid ideation, panic, delirium, depersonalization, sleepwalking, aggressivity, orthostatic hypotension, and insomnia. Neuroendocrine findings include: central depletion of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine, adrenaline (AD), and serotonin (5-HT); reduction in the ratio of circulating NA/AD as well as platelet 5-HT and increase of AD, plasma free 5-HT and cortisol. These disturbances together with the increased platelet aggregability observed in the three groups are typical of unresolved-stress situations. Immunological findings include significant reduction of peripheral T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8) and the CD4/CD8 ratio, CD16 and gamma-delta cells. On the other hand, the three groups (elderly subjects, subjects faced with unresolved stress, and BZ consumers) show increase of the CD57 lymphocyte subset as well as natural killer cytotoxicity. Alterations of several biological markers have also been found, specifically in the oral glucose tolerance test, the intramuscular clonidine test, and the supine/orthostasis/exercise test. From a clinical point of view, the three groups appear to be more susceptible to the appearance and progression of many acute and chronic diseases (infectious and malignant diseases). As a result, chronic consumption of BZs should be avoided in both the elderly and subjects in unresolved-stress situations.
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PMID:Benzodiazepines: tolerability in elderly patients. 884 97

The question of whether organic conditions, such as complex partial seizures, can cause dissociative symptoms is controversial. Although a diagnostic category for organic dissociation is included in the tenth edition of International Classification of Disease, it has never been identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Its inclusion in the upcoming DSM-IV is currently under debate. This article surveys representative literature regarding the role of organic factors in the causation of dissociative symptoms and considers the differential diagnosis of organic dissociation from current and historic perspectives. Dissociative symptoms and disorders (including amnesia, fugue, depersonalization, multiple personality, automatisms, and certain furors) can be induced by a variety of medications, drugs of abuse, and medical illnesses or conditions affecting cerebral function. Organic dissociation can be distinguished from intoxication, amnestic disorder, and delirium. Psychiatric nosology and our conceptualization of altered mental states and functions would benefit from use of the concept of an organic dissociative syndrome, which has clinical, neurophysiologic, and medicolegal significance. Such a category should be included in DSM-IV.
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PMID:The concept of an organic dissociative syndrome: what is the evidence? 938 42

The authors prospectively assessed symptoms induced by the interruption of antidepressants in 16 patients (11 women and 5 men), aged from 33 to 85 years (mean = 52.4 +/- 16.4), treated with antidepressants since at least two weeks. All patients were free of alcohol abuse or dependence disorder and of other dependence to psychoactive substances. None of them presented medical illness. Diagnosis were made by separate evaluations by two authors and confirmed with a semistructered assessment instrument: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (Lifetime Version). All patients were submitted to a brutal discontinuation of their antidepressant agent. Patients were assessed twice, before the interruption of the antidepressant, and 72 hours later. Effects of antidepressant interruption were assessed by several means. Modification of anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Symptoms of withdrawal were assessed with Cassano and al.'s scale SESSH including an evaluation of anxiety, agitation, irritability, anergy, difficulty on concentrating, depersonalization, sleep and appetite disorders, muscle pains, nausea, tremor, sweating, altered taste, hyperosmia, paresthesias, photophobia, motor incoordination, dizziness, hyperacousia pain, delirium. Fourteen of the 16 patients (87.5%) presented modifications of their somatic or psychic state 3 days after the interruption of the antidepressant treatment. Most frequent symptoms were: increase in anxiety (31%), increase in irritability (25%), sleep disorders (19%), decrease of anergia and fatigue (19%). Mean scores of anxiety and depression were not significantly modified by the withdrawal. Following TCAs interruption (7 patients) most frequent symptoms were sleep disorders; increase in anxiety, nausea. Among patients withdrawn from SSRIs (6 patients), most frequent symptoms were increase in anxiety, increase in irritability, headache. Patients also presented a decrease of nausea, and of anorexia.
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PMID:[Prospective evaluation of antidepressant discontinuation]. 969 14


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