Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011551 (depersonalization)
 1,117 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

According to the ICD 10 only acute psychotic disorders and transitory acute disorders are specified, whereas DSM IV index, in the same class, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffectif disorder and atypical psychosis. State biological markers of these disorders are present during the acute episode and disappear with it. A few studies concerns trait predispositional markers of these acute psychotic disorders. In addition, several studies of acute psychotic states are indexed as a partition of usual schizophrenic disorder, as a simple occurrence of that chronic disease. From the biological point of view, dysfunctions of norepinephrine and dopaminergic metabolisms are reported within these acute schizophrenic disorganisation, especially hyperdopaminergia, causality, consequence or evidence of the state syndrome. Those kinds of data are also reported in mood disorder with delusional symptoms. A hypothetic dysregulation of the balance between oxydation and antioxydation system has been searched in these acute states of schizophrenia. From the electrophysiologic perspective, no abnormalities are found for ocular movement functions during these acute psychotic disorders. Besides the clouding of consciousness of confusional states, neuropsychological abnormalities are reported: attention disorders, lack of inhibition of non relevant informations, abnormalities of working memory. Brain imaging can substantiate a diminution of the caudate nucleus size and a possible increase of D2 receptors number. Also, in these acute psychotic states abnormalities of humoral and cellular immunologic system have been found. Lastly, street drugs can originate confusional states and depersonalization, through their serotoninergic, dopaminergic and anticholinergic properties. Ethical drugs can also create an acute psychosis disorder: individual vulnerability and somatic disease cooccurrence act as risk-factors.
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PMID:[Biological approaches to acute psychoses]. 1059 92

Depersonalisation (DP) and derealisation (DR) are subjective experiences of unreality in, respectively, one's sense of self and the outside world. These experiences occur on a continuum from transient episodes that are frequently reported in healthy individuals under certain situational conditions to a chronic psychiatric disorder that causes considerable distress (depersonalisation disorder, DPD). Despite the relatively high rates of reporting these symptoms, little research has been conducted into psychological treatments for this disorder. We suggest that there is compelling evidence to link DPD with the anxiety disorders, particularly panic. This paper proposes that it is the catastrophic appraisal of the normally transient symptoms of DP/DR that results in the development of a chronic disorder. We suggest that if DP/DR symptoms are misinterpreted as indicative of severe mental illness or brain dysfunction, a vicious cycle of increasing anxiety and consequently increased DP/DR symptoms will result. Moreover, cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms such as specific avoidances, 'safety behaviours' and cognitive biases serve to maintain the disorder by increasing awareness of the symptoms, heightening the perceived threat and preventing disconfirmation of the catastrophic misinterpretations. A coherent model facilitates the development of potentially effective cognitive and behavioural interventions.
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PMID:Depersonalisation disorder: a cognitive-behavioural conceptualisation. 1458 13