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Fears of a future shortage of experienced social workers in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) field because of burnout prompted this study of 128 hospital social workers who work with AIDS patients. Results show that hospital AIDS social workers had slightly higher rates of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization on the Maslach Burnout Inventory but also felt a substantially higher level of personal accomplishment. Age, autonomy, and belonging to a support group explained 19 percent of the variance in burnout. Hospital administrators are urged to examine their administrative policies concerning these factors and to explore ways to preserve and enhance the most satisfying aspects of the work. Further research is encouraged to explore the relationship between young age and burnout and to better understand the factors that make AIDS work satisfying.
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PMID:Burnout in hospital social workers who work with AIDS patients. 141 9

Psychological stress and work-related burnout in staff working with AIDS and with cancer patients were compared using a self-report method of assessment. Measures included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-M). More than 80% of those staff who were approached responded to the questionnaire, including 70 doctors and nurses working with people with AIDS and 41 doctors and nurses working in oncology. More than a third of staff had substantial levels of psychological morbidity, and about a fifth had significant levels of work-related stress. Factors associated with the presence of high levels of psychological morbidity and with abnormal levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and concerns about personal accomplishment were identified. Staff described the work situations with which they had difficulty dealing and some of the coping strategies they used. The findings confirm that staff working with people with cancer or AIDS experience psychological difficulties of the kind likely to respond to interventions aimed at improving their ability to cope with work-related stresses. The mental health services could play an important role in carrying out research in this field and in providing practical help to deal with staff's difficulties.
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PMID:The psychological impact on staff of caring for people with serious diseases: the case of HIV infection and oncology. 873 23

Burnout, viewed as the exhaustion of physical or emotional strength as a result of prolonged stress or frustration, was added to the mental health lexicon in the 1970s, and has been detected in a wide variety of health care providers. A study of 600 American workers indicated that burnout resulted in lowered production, and increases in absenteeism, health care costs, and personnel turnover. Many employees are vulnerable, particularly as the American job scene changes through industrial downsizing, corporate buyouts and mergers, and lengthened work time. Burnout produces both physical and behavioural changes, in some instances leading to chemical abuse. The health professionals at risk include physicians, nurses, social workers, dentists, care providers in oncology and AIDS-patient care personnel, emergency service staff members, mental health workers, and speech and language pathologists, among others. Early identification of this emotional slippage is needed to prevent the depersonalization of the provider-patient relationship. Prevention and treatment are essentially parallel efforts, including greater job control by the individual worker, group meetings, better up-and-down communication, more recognition of individual worth, job redesign, flexible work hours, full orientation to job requirements, available employee assistance programmes, and adjuvant activity. Burnout is a health care professional's occupational disease which must be recognized early and treated.
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PMID:Burnout as a clinical entity--its importance in health care workers. 980 Apr 22

Burnout in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) care nursing is well described in the literature from a hospital based perspective. No studies into the effects of AIDS care and burnout have been carried out within the community setting. A two-stage, mixed method study was carried out. In Stage one 30 Clinical Nurse Specialists in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS from the North of England completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the AIDS Impact Scale. For Stage two five practitioners were selected randomly for semi-structured interview. Burnout morbidity was significant. Sixty-six per cent of informants scored as moderate or high burnout cases on the emotional Exhaustion and Personal Accomplishment subscales of the MBI. Only three per cent scored as cases on the depersonalization subscale. Links between the close involvement of practitioners with clients, death of clients, isolation, stigma and discrimination and the availability of support and supervision were identified as significant factors in AIDS care within this population that contributed to stress and burnout. Paradoxically, informants found the close relationships with clients, the autonomy of isolation and the exclusive nature of AIDS care positive aspects of their practice. The role of support and supervision in facilitating the continuance of a close empathic and therapeutic relationship and the prevention of an over-involved, isolated and stressful relationship is proposed as a way forward.
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PMID:Burnout and AIDS care-related factors in HIV community clinical nurse specialists in the North of England. 1021 92

Burnout among HIV/AIDS volunteers contributes to the loss of dedicated personnel resulting in strain on the HIV/AIDS care system. Past research has suggested that there were significant stresses and burnout associated with AIDS caregiving. We investigated the predictors of dropout in AIDS volunteers over time, and specifically, which of the variables of the stressors and rewards of being a volunteer (collected at baseline) predicted who would drop out two years later. The volunteers were the subjects of Nesbitt et al. (1996), who were members of an interfaith religious-based organization in Houston, Texas. The subjects were re-contacted by mail after two years, and 76 of the 174 respondents completed a brief questionnaire which gave details of current volunteering activity, reasons for dropout (if they had dropped out) and completed the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG). Forty dropped-out from volunteering while 36 continued. Data show the independent variables of total stressor score, the Maslach Burnout Inventory score of Depersonalization intensity and the three subscale scores involving stress: client problems and role ambiguity, emotional overload and organizational factors as being significant in predicting dropout in HIV/AIDS volunteers over time. The best predictors of the dropping-out of HIV/AIDS volunteers can be divided into the stresses (client problems and role ambiguity, emotional overload and organizational factors) and depersonalization intensity. The results showed that volunteers who experienced more client problems and role ambiguity, more emotional overload and more problems with organizational factors are more likely to drop out from the volunteer programme. They also show that the dropout volunteers have a significantly higher level of depersonalization intensity than the continuing volunteers, with the risk of dropout increasing by almost a third in the highest tertile of depersonalization intensity scores compared with those with lower scores. These data indicate that it is the stressors of AIDS volunteering, including the intensity of depersonalization, which lead to dropout, and that rewards do not appear to have a protective effect.
AIDS Care 1999 Dec
PMID:Predictors of dropout and burnout in AIDS volunteers: a longitudinal study. 1071 13

To assess stress and satisfaction related to HIV medical work and its impact on psychological wellbeing, a cross-sectional study was undertaken among the population of doctors caring for HIV/AIDS patients in French hospitals. They were sent a questionnaire on demographic and professional characteristics along with three additional scales: the Consultants Mental Health Questionnaire with three components - stress, satisfaction and responses to job stress; the Maslach Burnout Inventory; and the GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire). A total of 670 physicians responded anonymously (65.4% participation). For 45% of respondents, HIV/AIDS represented less than 25% of their activity. Three dimensions were extracted by multivariate analysis from the stress scale (overload, social relationships at work, patients/family distress) and four dimensions from the satisfaction scale (work content, patients/family, peer recognition, work environment). Length of time working in HIV/AIDS, and proportion of clinical work in HIV/AIDS were not related to either stress or satisfaction. Only participation in NGOs increased the level of stress. Stress was not related to time spent in clinical work, neither to HIV work. Satisfaction derived from work decreases with time in direct contact with patients and is mainly related to the position in hospital. Eleven per cent sought help from professionals for psychological problems. Stress derived from patients suffering was not related to any psychological outcomes. Work overload and stress derived from social relationships at work are the main predictors of psychological distress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while the moderator effect of satisfaction is weak. In the late nineties, the amount of HIV work did not appear as a specific feature of hospital medical work.
AIDS Care 2001 Dec
PMID:Psychological stress among hospital doctors caring for HIV patients in the late nineties. 1172 Jun 46

In countries with a high AIDS prevalence, the health workforce is affected by AIDS in several ways. In Zambia, which has a prevalence rate of 16.5%, a study was carried out in 2004 with the aim to: explore the impact of HIV/AIDS on health workers, describe their coping mechanisms and recommend supportive measures. The qualitative study was complemented by a survey using self-administered questionnaires in four selected health facilities in two rural districts in Zambia, Mpika and Mazabuka. It is one of the few studies to have explored the impact of HIV/AIDS from the perspective of health workers and managers in the region. Thirty-four in-depth interviews and five group discussions were conducted with health workers, managers and volunteers, and 82 self-administered questionnaires were filled out by health workers. In addition, burnout among 42 health workers was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The MBI measures three components that contribute to burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The results show that in both districts, HIV/AIDS has had a negative impact on workload and has considerably changed or added tasks to already overburdened health workers. In Mpika, 76% of respondents (29/38), and in Mazabuka, 79% (34/44) of respondents, expressed fear of infection at the workplace. HIV-positive health workers remained 'in hiding', did not talk about their illness and suffered in silence. Despite the fact that health workers were still relatively motivated, emotional exhaustion occurred among 62% of the respondents (26/42). The interviews revealed that counsellors and nurses were especially at risk for emotional exhaustion. In each of the selected facilities, organizational support for health workers to deal with HIV/AIDS was either haphazardly in place or not in place at all. AIDS complicates the already difficult work environment. In addition to health workers, management also needs support in dealing with AIDS at the workplace.
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PMID:'We are also dying like any other people, we are also people': perceptions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on health workers in two districts in Zambia. 1740 May 77

This study assessed the impact of caring for AIDS sufferers on the mental health of nurses. This assessment was measured against the level of burnout, stress and depression among 174 nurses caring for people living with HIV and AIDS in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire incorporated the AIDS Impact Scale (AIS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the participants' demographic and professional profiles. Participants were conveniently selected from five selected hospitals in Limpopo Province. The study participants' valuation using the AIS showed that nurses tended to develop strong bonds and relationships with the patients; felt frustrated by their inability to help the terminally ill AIDS sufferers and were subsequently affected by the death of their patients. Personal accomplishments of the nurses remained high and the levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization levels were low. The BDI showed that over 3 out of 4 nurses were experiencing between mild mood disturbance and extreme depression. Higher average scores were noted for items of the depression scale like sadness, dissatisfaction, fatigue and low level of energy. The findings highlight the need to develop psychological support programmes for nurses caring for AIDS patients and promote the provision of social incentives and recognition of the role of nurses in AIDS care.
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PMID:The impact of caring for persons living with HIV and AIDS on the mental health of nurses in the Limpopo Province. 1900 60

One of the major challenges facing those working with people living with HIV (PLWH) is the increased potential for burnout, which results in increased turnover and reduces quality of care provided for PLWH. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship among HIV health-care providers' burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) and organizational culture including teamwork, involvement in decision-making, and critical appraisal. Health-care providers for PLWH (N = 47) in federally funded clinics in a southwestern state completed a cross-sectional survey questionnaire about their perceptions of organizational culture and burnout. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that positive organizational culture (i.e., teamwork) was negatively related to emotional burnout (p < .005, R(2) = .18). Further negative organizational culture (i.e., critical appraisal) was positively related to depersonalization (p < .005, R(2) = .18). These findings suggest that effective organizational communication interventions might protect HIV health-care providers from burnout.
AIDS Care 2014
PMID:HIV health-care providers' burnout: can organizational culture make a difference? 2502 53