Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this paper the pharmacodynamic effects of calcium channel blockers (verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, fendiline, nitrendipine, nimodipine, and nisoldipine) on esophageal motility in man and their clinical effects in patients with various forms of primary esophageal motility disorders are critically analysed and summarized. The evaluation of efficacy and safety is mainly focused on nifedipine (Bay a 1040, Adalat; CAS 21829-25-4), since it has been best documented clinical pharmacologically and therapeutically in this field. Nifedipine and--with varying potency--the other calcium antagonists reduce effectively the increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and abnormally high and prolonged peristaltic and nonperistaltic contractions in the esophageal body in patients with achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), and other disorders which may cause angina-like chest pain and/or dysphagia. Pharmacodynamic effects on esophageal motility are closely correlated with the plasma concentration of nifedipine in healthy volunteers and in patients. However, a final judgement on the therapeutic value of these compounds in esophageal motor abnormalities cannot be given due to conflicting results from clinical studies with fairly small numbers of patients and varying study designs. Among the different calcium antagonists investigated nifedipine represents the best investigated and the most suitable compound for the treatment of primary hypertensive esophageal motor disorders.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of nifedipine and other calcium antagonists in patients with primary esophageal motor dysfunctions. 193 Mar 46

The activity of pidotimod ((R)-3-[(S)-(5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl) carbonyl]-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, PGT/1A, CAS 121808-62-6) was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicentre trial, on 120 pediatric patients affected by recurrent respiratory infections. The clinical course of acute infections was favourable both in placebo and in treatment group, but recovery was quicker with pidotimod than with placebo. Antibiotic therapy and time of hospitalization were shorter in the patients taking pidotimod, and main symptomatic parameters (pharyngalgia, dysphagia, mucous membrane inflammation, adenopathy, anorexia) receded quickly. In patients receiving the drug as well as in placebo group changes in laboratory parameters, indicating recovery from the acute infectious events, were observed. A significant trend to normalization of the immune response, evidenced by chemotaxis and leukocyte phagocytosis index, was found only in patients treated with pidotimod. A significant decrease in the risk of relapses was observed in patients treated with pidotimod (35%), as well as a reduction of hospitalization (86%) and a decreased antibiotic therapy (47%). If a relapse occurred, the response of treated patients was quicker (fever, antibiotic therapy, hospitalization). These findings allow to correlate the individual immune response activation to the resistance to recurrent infections and also to a better response to therapy in case of clinically relevant disease. No side effects were observed. Only in 12 patients (5 pidotimod, 7 placebo) mild reactions were observed, but they were attributed to concomitant antibiotic treatment or other factors. No alterations in main laboratory parameters were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of pidotimod in the treatment of recurrent respiratory infections in children. 785 47