Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Esophageal cancer is a devastating disease with rapidly increasing incidence in Western countries. Dysphagia is the most common complication, causing severe malnutrition and reduced quality of life. A 69-year-old male with persistent esophageal cancer after radiation therapy was subjected to palliative by-pass surgery using a laparoscopic approach. Due to the advanced stage at diagnosis, palliative treatment was a more realistic option. Dysphagia is a most distressing symptom of this disease, causing malnutrition and reducing quality of life. The goal of palliation is to improve swallowing. The most common methods applied are endoscopic stenting, radiation therapy (external or brachytherapy), chemotherapy, yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser rechanneling or endoscopic dilatation. Palliative surgery is rarely proposed due to morbidity and complications. This paper demonstrates an update in the technique proposed by Postlethwait in 1979 for palliation of esophageal cancer.
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PMID:Bypass laparoscopic procedure for palliation of esophageal cancer. 2496 27

Deterioration of the swallowing function in elderly persons and drug refusal among the behavioral abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are commonly reported. Therefore, we developed an easy-to-swallow jelly formulation of Donepezil HCl which AD patients can take as a dessert. The development process, however, was full of trade-off problems. (1) Need for evaluating the taste of a drug product vs. Safety of human sensory evaluation of the taste. The trade-off was resolved by using a taste sensor. (2) Speed of development vs. Safety of the manufacturing process. We put priority on the safety rather than speed, and a safer antioxidant agent was found. (3) Usability of the container for AD patients with dysphagia vs. Size of the container. We put priority on its being user-friendly rather than on the size and chose a stable wide-mouth cup. (4) Suitable texture of jelly for swallowing the drug product vs. Residual volume of jelly in the cup. We designed the texture so that the residual volume of jelly in the cup was reduced. (5) Easy peeling properties of aluminum seal vs. High sealing strength for sterilization. The sealing strength was adjusted so that it was adequate to sterilize the drug product. (6) One cup in a heat-sealed aluminum pillow package to prevent overdose vs. Seven cups in a pillow package. A single-dose package was relatively expensive, but it was chosen to assure safety. We faced many difficult trade-off problems in the development of process. However, they were resolved using technical innovations and a people-friendly policy. Finally, we were able to launch a novel oral jelly formulation for elderly patients.
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PMID:[Development of a novel oral jelly formulation for elderly patients]. 2574 21

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tract mucosal calcinosis (MC) tends to affect the gastric mucosa, while esophageal involvement is rare. Gastric MC may be seen with solid organ transplantation, use of aluminum-containing antacids or sucralfate, malignancy, and chronic renal failure. While the incidence of gastric MC in renal transplant patients undergoing gastric biopsy is common (between 15-29%), to our knowledge esophageal MC has only been previously reported 3 times. CASE REPORT A 68-year-old male dialysis-dependent end stage renal disease status-post deceased donor kidney transplant underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for dysphagia and diffuse esophageal wall thickening seen on imaging studies. EGD demonstrated diffuse, circumferential thick white esophageal plaques and mucosal friability. Esophageal biopsies demonstrated erosive esophagitis with basophilic calcium deposits within the fibrinopurulent exudate and squamous mucosa. Stains for fungal organisms and viruses were negative. A diagnosis of esophageal MC was made. Although the patient had a protracted postoperative course after transplantation, he had improvement of the esophageal wall thickening on imaging after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Esophageal MC is a rare phenomenon and all of the previously reported cases of esophageal MC, including our case, have been in patients with end stage renal disease who were on dialysis. Although prolonged hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, an elevated calcium-phosphorus product, and associated underlying inflammation are likely key etiologic factors, the pathogenesis of esophageal MC is not fully understood and is likely due to multiple collective etiologies. Likewise, more reported cases are likely to increase our understanding of the clinical significance and management of this rare disorder.
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PMID:Esophageal Mucosal Calcinosis: A Rare Site of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Calcinosis. 2962 63

Esophageal variceal bleeding is a common lethal complication of cirrhosis. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) is one of the major endoscopic approaches for treating esophageal variceal bleeding. However, complications may occur after EIS, which mainly include retrosternal discomfort/pain, dysphagia, re-bleeding, esophageal ulcer, esophageal strictures, and esophageal perforation, etc. In this article, we reported a 36-year-old male who developed esophageal ulcer related bleeding after EIS. Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment strategy for esophageal ulcer-related bleeding after EIS. In the present case, the following treatment strategy may be effective for ulcer related bleeding. The first step is to inhibit gastric acid secretion and reduce portal pressure by intravenous infusion of esomeprazole and somatostatin, respectively. The second is local hemostasis by oral norepinephrine and lyophilizing thrombin powder. The third is to protect digestive tract mucosa by oral Kangfuxin Ye and aluminum phosphate.
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PMID:Successful treatment of repeated hematemesis secondary to postsclerotherapy esophageal ulcer in a cirrhotic patient: A case report. 3046 64


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