Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. An endoscopic survey was done in Linxian, Henan Province, Northern China on 527 people in May 1980 and histological evidence of oesophageal lesions was obtained. 2. Blood samples were collected from 58 men and 53 women aged 22-71 yr. Measurements of riboflavin, vitamin A and zinc status were made. 3. Most (97 per cent) had biochemical ariboflavinosis on the basis of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficients equal to or greater than 1.30. Five per cent of subjects had deficient vitamin A status (plasma retinol less than 10 micrograms/dl and one of these subjects reported night blindness) and 37 per cent had low vitamin A status (10-20 micrograms/dl). Approximately 24 per cent of the Chinese had low plasma zinc by comparison with values for subjects in Denver. Plasma retinol binding protein concentration was also low but was only measured in 56 subjects. 4. Concentrations of plasma carotene were relatively high and only one person had a value less than 20 micrograms/dl. The value of plasma carotene as a measure of vitamin A status in this community is discussed. 5. There was no difference between the sexes for any of the measurements made. In addition there was no difference in the biochemical measurements between those with and without oesophageal lesions (oesophagitis 66 per cent, clear cell acanthosis (CCA) 88 per cent) or those with intermittent dysphagia (26 per cent). 6. Multiple linear regression showed no relationship between the biochemical data and either oesophagitis or CCA. There were, however, inverse relationships between oesophagitis and CCA in both sexes and in addition, plasma carotene and riboflavin status tended to fall while plasma retinol tended to increase with age. 7. The role which these nutritional deficiencies may play in facilitating neoplastic processes is discussed.
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PMID:Riboflavin, vitamin A and zinc status in Chinese subjects in a high-risk area for oesophageal cancer in China. 717 57

Gastric cancer continues to be the second cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Surgery is the only potentially curative therapy, although the adverse effects of surgery are considerable and include digestive symptoms, loss of appetite and malnutrition. Our study included 45 patients subjected to gastrectomy who were under treatment at our unit during 2000. The data given here refer to their first visit following surgery. The most frequent complications were diarrhoea (31%), pain (29%) and early dumping (24%). Other complications found were late dumping, nausea/vomiting and dysphagia. Anorexia appeared in 49% and 29% presented a negative attitude towards food. These complications give rise to insufficient food intake, leading to malnutrition, mainly marasmic in nature. Only 7% of the patients were normonourished, with 86% presenting slight or moderate malnutrition and 7% severe malnutrition. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of these patients was 20 +/- 3 kg/m2. The most frequent analytical alterations were anaemia with ferropenia and b12 deficit, and a reduction in the levels of zinc and retinol transporting protein. Many patients had impaired quality of life; 43% did not leave home and only 13% were able to work. Three groups were established depending on the time that had passed since the gastrectomy was performed before the first nutritional assessment (less than 3 months, from three months to a year, and over one year), without significant differences being found in any of the parameters studied. In this article we include recommendations for the nutritional handling and treatment of patients following gastrectomy.
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PMID:[Nutritional evaluation in patients with total gastrectomy]. 1242 99

Sixty patients (age 73 +/- 14 years; 22 women, 38 men) with dysphagia (67% neurological diseases, 33% tumors) were followed up for 1 year after placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Before PEG placement and at six appointments thereafter, the patients' nutritional status was measured using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and hematological nutritional parameters. A validated questionnaire was used to assess quality of life (the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, GIQLI). The overall mortality rate was 65%, and mortality during the hospitalization period was 22%. Depending on the duration of the dysphagia, marked nutritional deficits were observed at the start of the study (deficiencies in albumin in 49% of the patients, calcium in 15%, magnesium in 18%, retinol in 78%, alpha-tocopherol in 16%, folic acid in 16%, vitamin B12 in 8%, vitamin D in 40%, and zinc in 46%). With the exception of vitamin E, all parameters returned to normal during the follow-up period. At the start of the study, BIA indicated nutritional deficiency in 90% of the patients, with no overall improvement being observed during the follow-up period. The GIQLI scores, on average, reached a figure of 61% of an unrestricted quality of life. In conclusion, long-term nutrition via the PEG tube maintained the patients' quality of life. For BIA most patients were malnourished during the follow-up period, but nevertheless PEG feeding was enough to compensate for gross nutritional deficiencies. Not infrequently, the indication for PEG placement is established too late.
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PMID:Nutritional status and quality of life in patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in practice: prospective one-year follow-up. 1462 55

Associations of modulators of quality of life (QoL) and survival duration are assessed in the fatal motor neuron disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Major categories include clinical impression of mood (CIM); physical health; patient social support; and usage of interventions, pharmaceuticals, and supplements. Associations were assessed at p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 significance thresholds using applicable methods (Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, logistical regression, random forests, Fisher's exact test) within a retrospective cohort of 1585 patients. Factors significantly correlated with positive (happy or normal) mood included family support and usage of bi-level positive airway pressure (Bi-PAP) and/or cough assist. Decline in physical factors like presence of dysphagia, drooling, general pain, and decrease in ALSFRS-R total score or forced vital capacity (FVC) significantly correlated with negative (depressed or anxious) mood (p < 0.05). Use of antidepressants or pain medications had no association with ALS patient mood (p > 0.05), but were significantly associated with increased survival (p < 0.05). Positive patient mood, Bi-PAP, cough assist, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), and accompaniment to clinic visits associated with increased survival duration (p < 0.001). Of the 47 most prevalent pharmaceutical and supplement categories, 17 associated with significant survival duration increases ranging +4.5 to +16.5 months. Tricyclic antidepressants, non-opioids, muscle relaxants, and vitamin E had the highest associative increases in survival duration (p < 0.05). Random forests, which examined complex interactions, identified the following pharmaceuticals and supplements as most predictive to survival duration: Vitamin A, multivitamin, PEG supplements, alternative herbs, antihistamines, muscle relaxants, stimulant laxatives, and antispastics. Statins, metformin, and thiazide diuretics had insignificant associations with decreased survival.
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PMID:Associations of Patient Mood, Modulators of Quality of Life, and Pharmaceuticals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Survival Duration. 3193 12