Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Double-contrast examination of the esophagus can be carried out routinely on most patients referred for an upper gastrointestinal examination. Although there are several methods of performing the examination, this author has found the use of effervescent solutions and a low-viscosity barium sulfate suspension to be the easiest and quickest. The technique leads directly into a subsequent double-contrast examination of the stomach. Routine views of the esophagus in a single projection are sufficient with the double-contrast method in most patients. Lesions are readily identified both en face and in profile. If a suspicious area is seen or the patient has dysphagia, multiple views can subsequently be obtained. Such esophageal lesion characteristics are size, smoothness, irregularity, ulceration, wall retraction, and distensibility can be readily appreciated. The technique also lends itself to the study of hiatal hernias and the gastroesophageal junction. This double-contrast esophageal technique has been used with no complications in over 4000 examinations. It is readily mastered by beginning residents.
 ...
PMID:The routine double-contrast examination of the esophagus. 75 76

Detailed viscosity measurements have been made of barium sulfate mixtures over a wide range of viscosities for use in radiography of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. A new methodology was developed for more accurate estimation of viscosity in non-Newtonian fluids in conventional cylinder-type viscometers. As base cases, the variation of viscosity with shear rate was measured for standard commercial mixes of e.z.hd (250% w/v) and a diluted mixture of liquid e.z.paque (40% w/v). These suspensions are strongly shear thinning at low shear rates. Above about 3s-1 the viscosity is nearly constant, but relatively low. To increase the viscosity of the barium sulfate mixture, Knott's strawberry syrup was mixed to different proportions with e.z.hd powder. In this way viscosity was systematically increased to values 130,000 times that of water. For these mixtures the variation of viscosity with temperature, and the change in mixture density with powder-syrup ratio are documented. From least-square fits through the data, simple mathematical formulas are derived for approximate calculation of viscosity as a function of mixture ratio and temperature. These empirical formulas should be useful in the design of "test kits" for systematic study for pharyngeal and esophageal motility, and clinical analysis of motility disorders as they relate to bolus consistency.
Dysphagia 1992
PMID:Viscosity measurements of barium sulfate mixtures for use in motility studies of the pharynx and esophagus. 142 24

A prospective randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate differences in efficacy and complication rate between the two most commonly used sclerosing agents, sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STD) and polidocanol. Of 52 patients with esophageal variceal bleeding, 26 were randomized to receive sclerotherapy with 1.5% STD and 26 to receive 1% polidocanol at weekly intervals. Eradication of varices was achieved in 88% patients each of the STD and polidocanol group. There was no significant difference between patients injected with STD and polidocanol with regard to re-bleeding (27% vs. 15%) and mortality (11.5% in both). The use of STD, in contrast to polidocanol, was associated with a higher incidence of complications in terms of severe retrosternal pain (27% vs. 4%), deep ulceration (53% vs. 23%), dysphagia (88% vs. 46%), and stricture formation (27% vs. 8%). It was concluded that these two agents were similar in efficacy. However, polidocanol was superior due to a lower incidence of complications.
 ...
PMID:Prospective randomized comparison of sodium tetradecyl sulfate and polidocanol as variceal sclerosing agents. 173 94

We have evaluated 169 patients with portal hypertension receiving endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy in order to assess the predisposing factors, clinical profile, and treatment response of sclerotherapy-induced esophageal strictures. Of the 129 patients included in the final analysis, 20 (15.5%) developed persistent esophageal stricture. No significant difference was found with respect to age, nature of sclerosant (absolute alcohol, ethanolamine oleate, or sodium tetradecyl sulfate), etiology of portal hypertension, Child's class, initial variceal score, or intensity of sclerotherapy schedule between the patients who developed strictures and those who did not. However, female sex (P less than 0.01) and persistent esophageal ulceration (P less than 0.05) did predispose to stricture formation. Sclerotherapy-induced strictures presented with a variable grade of dysphagia, were always solitary, and were localized to the lower end of esophagus. Most of these could be dilated rapidly using Eder-Puestow metal olives (3.15 +/- 0.80 dilatation sessions per patient). Stricture formation did interrupt an effective sclerotherapy program but only temporarily, and successful variceal obliteration could be obtained after stricture dilatation.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal strictures following endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Antecedents, clinical profile, and management. 173 57

The purpose of this investigation was to measure the effectiveness of the antimuscarinic drug atropine sulfate in the treatment of chronic drooling in a patient with a history of severe closed head injury and resultant widespread oral neuromuscular and higher cortical disturbances. Results of the A-B-A-B-A-B withdrawal paradigm, chosen to demonstrate the functional relationship between drug therapy and the degree of drooling, revealed that administration of atropine sulfate reduced by more than 50% of baseline levels the amount of resting secretion, intraoral accumulation, and pharyngeal-laryngeal pooling of saliva, with negligible side effects. These results are discussed and compared to the alternative drug and surgical approaches to treatment that have been the primary focus of recent research on drooling.
Dysphagia 1991
PMID:Nonsurgical treatment of drooling in a patient with closed head injury and severe dysarthria. 188 37

The authors evaluated the clinical course and management of 10 sclerotherapy patients with obliterated varices and symptomatic esophageal strictures. Strictures developed after 29 injections of 51 ml of sodium tetradecyl sulfate on an average of three sessions. Although the severity of dysphagia was variable, all patients were successfully managed with bougienage. To evaluate risk factors related to stricture formation a comparison was made with 14 nonstricture patients with obliterated varices. Multiple parameters of sclerotherapy were evaluated including total volume of sclerosant, number of injections, number of EVS sessions, volume of sclerosant, number of injections per session, number of esophageal ulcerations, and frequency of EVS treatments. No aspects of therapy clearly predicted the development of esophageal stricture.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal strictures following endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy: clinical course and response to dilation therapy. 348 82

A 26-year-old woman experienced bilateral hearing loss, progressive nasal obstruction, and rhinorrhea. Examination disclosed a retropharyngeal mass. A needle biopsy specimen of the mass showed that it was a chordoma. The patient underwent surgery to remove the mass and received a postoperative course of radioactive cobalt. She did well for 18 months, at which time proptosis gradually developed in her right eye. Although the optic nerve heads and visual fields appeared normal, roentgenograms showed a large lesion involving the anterior and middle cranial fossae and destruction of the right posterior ethmoid sinus and right superior orbital fissure. Shortly after completing a course of methotrexate therapy (total dose, 89 mg), the patient experienced sudden pain and visual loss in her right eye. Surgical decompression of the orbit failed to restore light perception. The following year, her left eye became involved. A transfrontal craniotomy and extradural orbital decompression provided only temporary improvement. Four months later, left lateral rectus muscle palsy developed and her visual acuity decreased to 6/60 (20/200). Radiation therapy (400 rads per week; total dose, 3,200 rads) and treatment with methotrexate, vincristine sulfate, and prednisone did not improve her condition. At the time of her death, six years after the first symptom appeared, the patient was blind in both eyes, almost completely deaf, and suffered from severe dysphagia.
 ...
PMID:Orbital invasion by an intracranial chordoma. 725 80

We report a case of a 57-yr-old woman with a complaint of dysphagia of 2-wk duration. She had rheumatoid arthritis and had been taking 10 mg of prednisone and 2 mg of lorazepam daily for 2 yr. Radiologic examination showed partial retention of barium sulfate in the pharynx, which was confirmed by scintigraphic examination of the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. This retention was about 47% of the volume swallowed. The benzodiazepine was withdrawn, and 2 wk later she had no symptoms. We repeated the scintigraphic study, and it showed no retention. We conclude that chronic ingestion of benzodiazepine may cause dysphagia.
 ...
PMID:Dysphagia induced by chronic ingestion of benzodiazepine. 921 98

We reported a Japanese girl with the Sanfilippo syndrome type C. She was born to healthy parents married consanguineously. She began to deteriorate and became disoriented at the age of 6 year and 8 month. She also developed sleep problems and dysphagia. Physical examination revealed short stature, slightly coarse facial features, contracture of the PIP joints and hypertrophy of the tonsils. There was neither hepatomegaly nor corneal clouding. Laboratory examination demonstrated an increase in urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycan. Electrophoresis of the urinary glycosaminoglycans indicated that heparan sulfate was the predominant component. Enzymatic assay using her skin fibroblasts demonstrated a complete deficiency of acetyl-CoA: a-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity. Low dose erythromycin alleviated hypertrophy of her tonsils, thereby improving dysphagia.
 ...
PMID:[A case of Sanfilippo syndrome type C: long-term clinical course and treatment]. 969 27

Food movements during complete feeding sequences on soft and hard foods (8 g of chicken spread, banana, and hard cookie) were investigated in 10 normal subjects; 6 of these subjects also ate 8 g peanuts. Foods were coated with barium sulfate. Lateral projection videofluorographic tapes were analyzed, and jaw and hyoid movements were established after digitization of records for 6 subjects. Sequences were divided into phases, each involving different food management behaviors. After ingestion, the bite was moved to the postcanines by a pull-back tongue movement (Stage I transport) and processed for different times depending on initial consistency. Stage II transport of chewed food through the fauces to the oropharyngeal surface of the tongue occurred intermittently during jaw motion cycles. This movement, squeeze-back, depended on tongue-palate contact. The bolus accumulated on the oropharyngeal surface of the tongue distal to the fauces, below the soft palate, but was cycled upward and forward on the tongue surface, returning through the fauces into the oral cavity. The accumulating bolus spread into the valleculae. The total oropharyngeal accumulation time differed with initial food consistency but could be as long as 8-10 sec for the hard foods. There was no predictable tongue-palate contact at any time in the sequence. A new model for bolus formation and deglutition is proposed.
Dysphagia 1999
PMID:Food transport and bolus formation during complete feeding sequences on foods of different initial consistency. 982 73


1 2 3 4 Next >>