Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), oral medication may lose its effectiveness due to several reasons, like dysphagia, impaired absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract and delayed emptying of the stomach. If these problems occur, a non-oral therapy should be considered. Examples of non-oral therapies are transdermal patches, (e.g. rotigotine) which may overcome motor and nonmotor nighttime problems, and may serve as well to treat daytime response-fluctuations, if oral therapies fail to do so. Other options are injections with apomorphine to treat early morning dystonia and random off-periods during daytime, as well as continuously infused subcutaneous apomorphine for random fluctuations in PD patients. Low-dose apomorphine infusions also may be useful in the peri-operative phase, when PD patients may not be able to swallow oral medication. Finally, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusions or DBS have shown to be effective non-oral options to treat PD patients adequately, if they are not properly controlled by oral options.
 ...
PMID:The need for non-oral therapy in Parkinson's disease; a potential role for apomorphine. 2799 52