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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The operative results, outcome, and short-term follow-up after laparoscopic exploration for Nissen fundoplication were evaluated in 35 patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux and reflux-induced pulmonary disease. There were 19 female and 16 male patients, ranging in age from 17 to 72 years (mean: 42 years, SD: 11.6 years). In 20 patients, the symptoms were predominantly of regurgitation and heartburn; the remaining 15 patients had mixed regurgitation/heartburn and pulmonary symptoms. All patients underwent 24-hour pH monitoring, upper endoscopy, and manometry. The indication for surgery was medical failure or the need for long-term medical management with omeprazole. The operation, which was performed laparoscopically, is identical to the conventional Nissen fundoplication. There was a mortality rate of 0% and a morbidity rate of 25.7%. Five patients required conversion to open Nissen fundoplication, which was due to hemodynamic instability secondary to presumed pneumothorax in three patients and colotomy and a distal esophageal perforation in the other two patients. Thirty patients underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Three patients developed early dysphagia, and one patient experienced a perforation of the piriform sinus due to nasogastric tube manipulation under anesthesia. All these patients had an uncomplicated postoperative course, and there was no long-term disability. The total surgical time of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was on average 107 minutes (SD: 35.3 minutes). Discharge usually occurred on the evening of postoperative day 2 (mean: 3.3 days; SD: 1.5 days). Twenty-six of the 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication described the outcome as excellent and good (87%); however, 4 patients (13%) were unsatisfied. Fifteen patients (50%) had difficulty belching or vomiting, and moderate dysphagia was described by 7 patients (24%) in follow-up. Regurgitation and heartburn were cured in 96%, whereas reflux-induced pulmonary disease was cured in 50%. The results of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication compare favorably with those of conventional Nissen fundoplication with respect to mortality, complications, and outcome.
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PMID:Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: operative results and short-term follow-up. 831 Nov 32

Of 598 patients, 595 underwent placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube using a single endoscopy technique and a polyurethane gastrostomy tube. Primary indications were altered mental status and dysphagia. All procedures were performed in the operating room, with 74 patients receiving general anesthesia and 524 intravenous sedatives with or without topical anesthesia. Average operating room time was 34 minutes. Of 208 patients with prior intra-abdominal surgery, 207 underwent successful placement. The overall complication rate was 4.9%, with a major complication rate of 1.3%. One death occurred from presumed leakage at the gastrostomy site with peritonitis. One hundred twenty patients subsequently died of causes unrelated to the gastrostomy tube after 75 +/- 164 days (range, 1 to 972). One hundred fifty-four patients recovered an adequate oral diet and had the PEG removed after 169 +/- 244 days (range, 6 to 1337). The remaining 319 patients continued to use their gastrostomy tube for 1532 +/- 411 days (range, 134 to 2251). The polyurethane gastrostomy tube has been very durable; none has required replacement because of deterioration.
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PMID:Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Initial placement by single endoscopic technique and long-term follow-up. 843 14

Normal swallowing is a complex, rapid neuromuscular function. Causes for dysfunctional swallowing are protean. Appropriate workup includes a careful history, thorough physical examination of the head and neck, videofluorographic swallowing study, and when appropriate, manometry and endoscopy under anesthesia. Many swallowing problems are not easily curable or reversible, but most patients experience some improvement through the intensive efforts of a multidisciplinary team. The otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon plays a key role in both evaluation of patients with dysphagia and in surgical intervention for selected cases of cricopharyngeal motor dysfunction and chronic aspiration.
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PMID:Swallowing disorders. Diagnosis and therapy. 849 10

We examined the potential influence of cold stimulation of the anterior tonsillar pillars, before and after topical anesthesia, on the temporal linkage between the oral and pharyngeal components of the swallow. We hypothesized that if elicitation of the pharyngeal swallow were dependent upon stimulation of faucial mucosal receptors this response would be facilitated by cold tactile stimulation and inhibited by topical anesthesia. In 14 healthy volunteers undergoing simultaneous videoradiography and manometry we measured and compared regional transit and clearance times, and the timing of hyoid motion, upper esophageal sphincter relaxation, and opening within the swallow sequence. There was a significant, volume-dependent forward shift in timings of hyoid motion, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxation profile, and opening which were influenced neither by cold stimulation nor topical anesthesia. Regional transit and clearance times and UES coordination were not influenced by cold stimulation. Pharyngeal clearance time was prolonged by tonsillar pillar anesthesia due to earlier arrival of the bolus head at this region (p = 0.002). We conclude that the normal pharyngeal swallow response is neither facilitated nor inhibited by prior cold tactile stimulation or topical anesthesia to the tonsillar pillars, respectively. These observations do not support the hypothesis that elicitation of the pharyngeal swallow response is dependent upon stimulation of mucosal receptors in the tonsillar arches.
Dysphagia 1996
PMID:Influence of cold stimulation on the normal pharyngeal swallow response. 855 85

Reporting the case of a young woman, 25, with long lasting dysphagia. At examination a pediculated polypoid formation in the lower pole of the left amygdala is verified (3 x 2 cms). After removal, under local anesthesia, is diagnosed as an hamartomatous tonsillar polyp. Review of the literature, analysis of several etiopathogenical theories and differential diagnosis with other resembling amygdaline conditions.
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PMID:[Tonsillar hamartoma]. 872 Sep 90

Mentally handicapped patients with esophageal pathology may present a diagnostic challenge, as they may not complain of any specific symptoms or be able to give a clear history of either dysphagia or odynophagia. This paper reports 2 such patients who recently presented to the Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals. In the first case, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under general anesthesia enabled both the identification and removal of a large esophageal foreign body. In the second case, repeated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy facilitated both the identification and nonsurgical management of a paraesophageal abscess.
Dysphagia 1996
PMID:Covert dysphagia in the mentally handicapped: two case reports and a review of published literature. 875 65

Today the procedure of choice for long-term enteral tube feeding in patients with prolonged swallowing difficulties or inabilities is percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). The primary indications are head and neck cancers, neurologic dysphagia, cancer cachexia, and obstruction of the esophagus and pharynx with enough space for an endoscopic procedure. This technique requires no general anesthesia and is possible in patients with contraindications to surgical gastrostomy. Between September 1994 and April 1995 a total of 115 patients underwent PEG placement attempts. We employed the pull-technique with 15-Freka PEG tubes. The average procedure time, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, was 17 minutes. In nine cases PEG insertion was impossible owing to severe obstruction of the esophagus. In 46 (40%) patients local abdominal pains started on the first or second postoperative day; 7 of these patients required surgical consultation, and no further intervention was needed. In only one patient was there a serious complication that required surgical intervention: a presumed perforation that turned out to have no correlate upon review. All patients received single-shot antibiotic prophylaxis; and only in those patients with abdominal symptoms do we recommend a prolonged antibiosis. The abdominal symptoms reported were due to a slight leak of gastric fluid causing a topical peritonitis, which required no further treatment. In our experience PEG is a useful alternative to surgical gastrostomy. The simplicity of this procedure leads to low complication rates, short hospitalization, and is possible on an outpatient basis. It is cost-efficient and has a much better psychological tolerance than nasogastric tubes.
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PMID:Experiences with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. 879 57

Recent neuropathological findings define that 10-20% of the Parkinson patients belong to the atypical Parkinson's syndrome due to multi-system disease marked by typical Parkinsonian symptoms such as rigor, tremor and akinesia and early onset of severe autonomic, cerebellar or pyramidal disorders. Symptoms like postural hypotension, dysphagia, hypersalivation, urinary bladder dysfunction, thermodysregulation, abnormalities in eye movement, early falls or dementia etc. are frequently seen in these patients. In these patients dopamin depletion in the nigrostriatal pathway is combined with degeneration of other cerebral structures like olivopontocerebellar and intermediolateral columns. Patients need high dosages of L-dopa and other antiparkinsonian drugs with poor prognosis in general. First, we report on an atypical Parkinson patient who developed acute dyspnoea and muscle rigidity after general anaesthesia; second, on another patient who took a long time to recover from general anaesthesia. Both responded to antiparkinsonian drugs, the first to orally applied L-dopa, the second to intravenous amantadine. Most probably the interruption of the treatment with high dosages of L-dopa (in these patients given in 2-4 hours intervals) had caused these complications. The special nature of the anaesthesiological management of atypical Parkinson patients is reviewed.
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PMID:[Perioperative management of the patient with atypical Parkinson disease]. 886 35

Most reports on laparoscopic fundoplication are from large, tertiary referral medical centers. Presented here is an experience by a single surgeon (M.E.F.) in community hospitals with 74 cases. All patients had esophagitis. All but two patients were Visick grade IV off medication. All patients had an incompetent lower esophageal sphicter. Four with abnormally low esophageal contractions underwent a Toupet procedure; the rest had a Nissen fundoplication. The largest estimated blood loss was 300 cc. One case (1.4%) had to be converted intraoperatively to an open procedure because of bleeding from an iatrogenic liver laceration. There were two minor complications (a urinary tract infection and a pneumothorax) and one death (massive liver necrosis with an otherwise unremarkable post mortem, thus it was felt to be due to anesthesia). The mean length of hospital stay was 2.8 +/- 0.21 days. Eighty-nine percent of the operations totally relieved reflux. Nineteen patients (26%) had mild, early postoperative dysphagia, gas bloat, and/or early satiety. Four patients did not get any improvement in their reflux, three still require chronic medication, and one underwent a redo open fundoplication. Three early patients had severe, new-onset postoperative dysphagia secondary to too tight a fundoplication. Attention must be focused on creating a loose wrap, a "floppy" Nissen by routine division of the short gastric vessels and the use of a large dilator in the esophagus when the fundoplication is constructed. Laparoscopic fundoplication is technically feasible, safe, and effective in a community hospital and does not require a large, tertiary referral medical center.
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PMID:Laparoscopic fundoplication. 887 39

To evaluate the utility and limitations of palliative stenting with polyurethane-covered self-expandable metallic stents, 6 patients (3 males and 3 females ranging in age from 58-85 [mean 72.1] years) with malignant esophageal strictures were treated with these stents between April 1993 and October 1995. Three had esophageal carcinoma, two had gastric carcinoma and one had lung carcinoma. Song-type self-expandable metallic stents were inserted by intubation under local laryngeal anesthesia. A retriever was attached in 4 stents and an anti-reflux mechanism was attached in 2 stents placed over the esophagocardiac strictures. The stents were placed successfully in all patients, and no major complication related to intubation was encountered. All the stents fully expanded within 3 days after insertion. The grade of dysphagia was improved in 5 (83%) of the 6 patients. One stent was extracted using a retriever in one patient with no improvement. No reflux symptoms were observed in 2 patients whom received stents with an anti-reflux mechanism. No blockage of the stent due to food impaction or secondary stricture occurred in any patient during the observation period. One stent migrated into the stomach in one patient 27 days after insertion. Esophageal stenting with polyurethane-covered self-expandable metallic stents is a relatively safe and effective palliation for malignant esophageal strictures.
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PMID:Palliative therapy using polyurethane-covered self-expandable metallic stents for malignant esophageal strictures: experiences in six patients. 900 52


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