Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Accidents with foreign bodies (FBs) are most common within the first two years of life. The airway FBs present a diagnostic dilemma as both the history and the investigations can be misleading. The persistent hypoxia presents a threat to life as does extraction. Moreover, the chemical pneumonitis induced by vegetative FB makes the situation even more worse. The FB of digestive tract are comparatively benign unless long standing. It is neither necessary for the airway FB to present with respiratory symptoms and signs nor for the FB of digestive tract to complain of dysphagia/throat pain. Oesophagoscopy may have to be done if an esophageal FB is causing only recurrent respiratory infections without dysphagia. The situation in dealing with FB varies from site to site in the aerodigestive tract. This article stresses the various dubious factors including the history, examination and investigation which can lead to misdiagnosis and also those problems which are encountered during planned extraction as well as post-operatively.
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PMID:Aerodigestive foreign bodies. 1093 63

From 1993 through 1999, 26 children with retropharyngeal abscess and 2 children with acute epiglottitis were cared for by pediatric otolaryngologists in northern Virginia. Fever, sore throat, dysphagia, refusal to swallow, dysphonia, drooling, and neck extension are common presenting signs and symptoms in acute epiglottitis and in retropharyngeal abscess. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the oropharynx was performed in all cases and was the most helpful diagnostic test.
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PMID:Retropharyngeal abscess: epiglottitis of the new millennium. 1124 Oct 59

Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is a chronic subepidermal bullous dermatosis which primarily involves the mucous membranes. The oral cavity and the eye are most frequently involved. Since extension of the lesion into the pharynx and esophagus causes sore throat and dysphagia and progressive ocular lesions may cause blindness, early and valid diagnosis is very important. Here we present a case of cicatricial pemphigoid with onset at age 45 in a patient who manifested severe periodontal disease and showed the lesion on the mucous membranes of the mouth (desquamative gingivitis), skin, and eyes. Since definite diagnosis is very important, we describe how we made a differential diagnosis from other diseases which also accompany desquamative gingivitis. We examined the clinical manifestations, blood test results, HLA-genotype, histopathologic findings of the affected tissue, and immunological findings in relation to autoimmunity. Since many of the CP cases are first referred to periodontists or dentists, we believe that the diagnostic strategy described in the present study will be quite informative for making rapid and definite diagnoses of similar cases.
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PMID:Immunopathological diagnosis of cicatricial pemphigoid with desquamative gingivitis. A case report. 1128 99

Plasma cell granuloma involving the thyroid is very rare. A 29-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus presented with a one-week history of fever, sore throat, neck tenderness and dysphagia. Antibiotics were given but over the next two weeks a hard 8 cm mass in the left lobe of the thyroid developed. Fine needle aspiration was not diagnostic and surgical exploration revealed an inflammatory process arising from the left lobe of the thyroid involving the left sternothyroid muscle and parapharyngeal spaces. Histology of multiple biopsies showed plasma cell granuloma. Immunoperoxidase staining demonstrated the presence of IgG, IgM and IgA with predominance of IgG. The residual mass resolved and was impalpable after four weeks. Plasma cell granuloma should be suspected when there is a rapidly developing hard thyroid mass. Open biopsy/removal and histological confirmation are mandatory and residual disease may resolve within weeks.
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PMID:A hard thyroid mass due to plasma cell granuloma. 1145 84

Pneumomediastinum in children is diagnosed in two circumstances: cervical subcutaneous emphysema or radiological findings. The predominant symptoms are dyspnoea, stabbing chest pain, sore throat and dysphagia. Traumatic injuries and pulmonary diseases such as asthma are the most common causes of pneumomediastinum. It may rarely result from iatrogenic manoeuvres or acidocetosis. Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema is seldom reported in children. Chest X-ray films are essential investigations. The treatment is directed towards the underlying cause, with conservative management being sufficient in most cases. However, the risk of surveying of pneumothorax or tension pneumomediastinum justifies close clinical follow-up in a specialised care unit. The onset of these pathologies necessitates a more aggressive therapy by aspiration through percutaneous catheter placed in the mediastinum.
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PMID:[Pneumomediastinum in children]. 1149 20

Vagus nerve palsy caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is rare. Here, we present a 29-year-old man with acute onset of right side otalgia and sore throat, followed by dysphonia, dysphagia and some vesicles seen on the deep soft palate. Laryngoscopy revealed right vocal cord palsy. Neck to chest CT did not reveal local lesion. Three months later, his serum HSV IgG antibody titer was eight times elevation and a throat swab culture for virus isolation yielded HSV type I. T2-weighted images of neck MRI showed abnormally high signal intensity on the right sub-glottis region with Gadolinium enhancement that was compatible with local infection. Thereafter, one course of acyclovir; was given. Three months after finishing the acyclovir, his symptoms were almost gone and neck MRI did not show the aforementioned lesions. HSV infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients with idiopathic dysphonia and dysphagia.
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PMID:Isolated vagus nerve palsy probably associated with herpes simplex virus infection. 1155 Dec 39

A case of spontaneous, isolated supraglottic haemorrhage in a patient recently started with warfarin sodium treatment is described. The symptoms of sore throat, dysphonia, stridor, dysphagia or a neck swelling in a patient taking anticoagulants should alert the clinician to the possibility of this rare but potentially fatal complication.
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PMID:Spontaneous supraglottic haemorrhage in a patient receiving warfarin sodium treatment. 1155 24

Oropharyngeal tuberculosis is a rare disease and is usually secondary to laryngeal involvement in pulmonary tuberculosis. The major symptom in such patients is sore throat. Here, we report a case of tuberculosis of the posterior oropharyngeal wall without laryngeal involvement and causing severe dysphagia and odynophagia without esophageal or mediastinal involvement. The unusual presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is emphasized, and its diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Oropharyngeal tuberculosis causing severe odynophagia and dysphagia. 1210 22

Iseganan HCl is an antimicrobial peptide under development for the prevention of oral mucositis, a severe consequence of some chemotherapy and radiation therapy regimens. Several attributes of iseganan make it an optimal candidate for study in this clinical situation where both local and systemic host defenses may be impaired. These include broad spectrum and rapid bactericidal activity, a lack of observed resistance and cross-resistance and stability in biological fluids. Clinical trials of patients receiving stomatotoxic chemotherapy followed by a haematopoietic stem cell transplant show iseganan reduces the occurrence of oral mucositis and ameliorates sequelae such as mouth pain, throat pain and difficulty swallowing. Iseganan is well-tolerated, which is partly attributable to a lack of systemic absorption following topical oral administration. Other promising areas of investigation include topical oral application for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia and nebulisation for treatment of chronic lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. Future studies will expand on the role of iseganan as a novel antimicrobial.
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PMID:Iseganan HCl: a novel antimicrobial agent. 1215 Jul 9

Acute epiglottitis in adults is a potentially life-threatening disease of increasing incidence. Although pharyngitis is the most common cause of sore throat in the adult, acute epiglottitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis when there is unrelenting throat pain and minimal objective signs of pharyngitis. We report the case of a 45-year old man with acute epiglottitis and occlusion of the upper airways due to an epiglottic abscess. A brief discussion of the diagnosis and treatment of adult epiglottitis is presented. Patients with acute painful dysphagia should be considered to have epiglottitis until the diagnosis is proven. Early diagnosis and aggressive airway management can be life saving.
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PMID:[Epiglottic abscess as a rare reason for airway obstruction in adults]. 1240 51


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