Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Elective esophagogastrectomy and reconstruction by esophagogastrostomy were performed on 55 patients with malignant tumors of the midesophagus, despite invasion of contiguous structures in 60% and regional lymph node involvement in 75%. The operations were invariably palliative. Two patients died within thirty days of operation. Dysphagia was relieved and oral alimentation resumed in the other 53. Twenty-nine patients who had experienced painful swallowing and 16 who had vomiting obtained relief. Survival curves show no improvement from previous decades for patients with malignancies of the middle third of the esophagus. The mean survival was 10.4 months. Mean survival of patients with liver metastases was 3.5 months.
 ...
PMID:Esophagogastrectomy for carcinoma of the middle third of the esophagus. 9 20

Herpetic esophagitis is an infrequent ulcerative infection of the esophagus caused by Herpes Virus type I. It is usually seen in immunocompromised patients though it may present in immunocompetent ones. Odynophagia and/or dysphagia associated with chest pain are the most frequent clinical symptoms. Radiology, endoscopy, biopsy and serological markers are the basis for diagnosis. We report 3 patients with herpetic esophagitis diagnosed between 1984-1989 and evaluated the clinical, endoscopic and biopsy characteristics. Certain clinical and endoscopic findings common to our patients tend to identify the disease, with biopsy and or serological markers the diagnosis may be established.
 ...
PMID:[Herpetic esophagitis]. 196 85

Odynophagia and dysphagia are common symptoms of treatable disorders of the esophagus in patients with AIDS. Esophageal candidiasis is the most frequent cause of these symptoms. In patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex, thrush in combination with odynophagia or dysphagia almost certainly indicates the presence of esophageal candidiasis. Other causes of swallowing disorders in AIDS include opportunistic infection of the esophagus with herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, or, rarely, cryptosporidiosis. Recently, ulcerative esophagitis in AIDS associated with unidentified viral-like particles has been described. Infrequently, Kaposi's sarcoma or lymphoma may involve the posterior pharynx or esophagus, respectively. Because Candida esophagitis is so frequently the cause of odynophagia and/or dysphagia in AIDS, it is suggested that in most cases, a therapeutic trial with an antifungal agent, like ketoconazole, may be appropriate before radiologic or endoscopic examination. Further investigation can be reserved for patients who do not respond to this trial or who have clinical evidence suggesting another esophageal disorder. Herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus esophagitis can be treated with antiviral agents, such as acyclovir and ganciclovir, respectively. Maintenance therapy with antifungal agents to prevent recurrent esophageal candidiasis may be beneficial, but the efficacy and cost effectiveness of this approach remain to be determined. Because of the increasing numbers of patients with AIDS, frequency of esophageal disorders, such as candidiasis, in these patients and the morbidity of these disorders, an expansion of clinical research efforts to determine effective treatment and prophylaxis for these disorders is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Odynophagia/dysphagia in AIDS. 304 65

Although herpes simplex virus is a recognized cause of esophagitis in immunocompromised patients, it may also be the etiologic agent in otherwise healthy individuals. Odynophagia and dysphagia are the major symptoms. The esophagogram may reveal ulcers in the distal esophagus and there may be motor disturbances as well. Esophageal endoscopy may show vesicles, ulceration or plaques. In the immunocompetent patient, herpes esophagitis is a self-limited disease.
 ...
PMID:Herpes esophagitis in immunocompetent patients. 360 50

Viral esophageal infection is common in immunocompromised patients. Twelve patients with esophagitis secondary to herpes viruses are described. Odynophagia, dysphagia, and gastrointestinal bleeding were the most common symptoms. Multiple infections particularly with candida were present in three of the 12 cases (25%). Typical "volcano ulcers" at endoscopy and discrete diffusely scattered shallow ulcers seen on double contrast esophagram are highly suggestive of herpetic esophagitis. Single contrast esophagram plays no specific role in the diagnosis of herpetic esophagitis. An analysis of clinical, endoscopic, radiological, and pathological features is presented.
 ...
PMID:Herpetic esophagitis: a diagnostic challenge in immunocompromised patients. 396 49

Disabling esophageal symptoms ((dysphagia, painful swallowing, and severe restrosternal pain) developed in 8 of 63 patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. At endoscopy 7 patients had characteristic desquamation of the upper esophagus; 2 of these also had distal esophagitis; and 3 had distinctive upper esophageal webs. No infectious pathogens were detected in esophageal biopsies or brushings. Abnormalities of esophageal motility were seen in 5 of 7 patients studied including 3 with aperistalsis. Retrosternal pain in 3 patients resulted from acid reflux. Esophageal histology from 5 autopsied patients showed no muscle or neuronal abnormalities by silver stain or conventional light microscopy. There was increased submucosal fibrosis associated with mucosal esophagitis and ulceration. Blind microscopic review of histology clearly distinguished the esophagus of chronic graft-versus-host disease from that of progressive systemic sclerosis. We conclude that esophageal epithelium, like skin and mucous membranes, is a target organ in chronic graft-versus-host disease. This immunologic disease results in desquamative esophagitis with web formation. Peptic esophagitis, a cause of severe pain and perhaps distal esophageal strictures in these patients, may be related to poor acid clearing from the esophagus. Diagnostic endoscopy and disruption of webs should be performed carefully to avoid perforation. Treatment should be directed toward suppressing the underlying immunologic disorder and at preventing acid-peptic reflux.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal abnormalities in chronic graft-versus-host disease in humans. 700 15

We describe nine cases of esophageal injury associated with the ingestion of prescribed medications. Antibiotics were the most commonly implicated drugs. Odynophagia, retrosternal chest pain and dysphagia were the usual presenting symptoms. The typical endoscopic finding was that of discrete ulcers in the mid-esophagus. All patients recovered uneventfully with discontinuation of the offending drug and symptomatic treatment. Drug induced esophageal injury should be considered in patients presenting acutely with the above mentioned symptoms and having discrete esophageal ulcers on endoscopy.
 ...
PMID:Pill-induced esophageal ulcer. 826 86

Endoscopic experience in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has rarely been reported in Taiwan. We present our experience in 9 AIDS patients (8 male and 1 female, age from 26 to 63 years) with 12 examinations. The risk factor of these patients were bisexual in 3, homosexual in 2, hemophilia in 1, drug abuse in 1, and paid-sex in 2. Odynophagia or dysphagia was the major complaints. Oral ulcers or/and thrush were noted in 8 patients. Endoscopic findings included negative (6/12), candidiasis (3/12), erosions (1/12), ulcers (1/12) and ulcer scar (1/12) in esophagus; negative (8/12), gastritis (1/12), erosions (1/12), ulcers (1/12) and Kaposi's sarcoma (1/12) in stomach; and negative (11/12) and duodenitis (1/12) in duodenum. Patients with esophageal candidiasis always had oral thrush. Dysphagia was highly correlated with positive endoscopic findings in esophagus. It is important for an endoscopist to identify clinical symptoms and to examine patient's oral cavity before an endoscopic examination. The endoscopist must keep himself from being infected by exposure to contaminated blood and secretion and avoid dissemination of this horrible disease by undisinfected instruments.
 ...
PMID:Endoscopic examination in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Taiwan experience. 840 71

Dysphagia describes the disability or problems in swallowing a wet or dry bolus properly and is normally associated with an impaired transport of the bolus. Dysphagia can be accompanied by a pain sensation in the chest mostly caused by impaction of the food bolus in the esophagus. Odynophagia describes only the status of painful swallowing without an impairment of the swallow and transport function. Drug-induced dysphagia can be caused in two different ways. First as a normal drug side effect of the pharmacological action of the drug or as a complication of the therapeutic action of the drug. The normal drug side effect is most likely in drugs that affect smooth or striated muscle function or the sensitivity of the mucosa. The drug effect on smooth muscle function that causes dysphagia can be inhibitory or excitatory. Dysphagia is a common clinical symptom in patients with reduced perception of the pharyngeal mucosa which leads to an subjective impairment of swallowing. Dysphagia caused by a complication of the therapeutic action of a drug includes viral or fungal esophagitis in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs or cancer therapeutic agents, or antibiotics and immunological reactions to certain drugs such as erythema exsudativa multiforme or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Second, drug-induced dysphagia can be due to medication-induced esophageal injury (MIEI). In most cases this mucosal injury appears to be the direct result of prolonged contact of a potentially caustic drug with the esophageal mucosa. This form of medication-induced esophagitis is most likely to be found in elderly patients and patients with esophageal motility disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dysphagia 1993
PMID:Drug-induced dysphagia. 846 24

Esophageal disorders are commonly seen in the emergency department. Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) should always be taken seriously and should never be considered a functional complaint, whereas odynophagia (painful swallowing) is usually caused by an inflammatory process. This article addresses dysphagia/odynophagia, as well as esophagitis, neoplasms, gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal trauma, and the often difficult differentiation of chest pain of esophageal origin.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal emergencies. 868 84


1 2 3 Next >>