Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypopharyngeal diverticulum and dysphagia due to cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction are a continuing challenge to the head and neck surgeon. The ability to completely transect the cricopharyngeus muscle is generally agreed to be the key to successful relief of symptoms, and--to an even greater extent--to prevention of recurrence. In the past, the most significant complications arising from such surgery have been recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and recurrent diverticulum or cricopharyngeus spasm. Both of these problems have been prevented by a modified surgical approach which takes advantage of the relatively bloodless retropharyngeal space. The logic of this posterior approach to the cricopharyngeus, from an anatomic standpoint, coupled with the good visualization and relatively bloodless field when approaching the muscle, suggests that it might be a suitable substitute for the more common lateral approach if continued long-term experience in larger number of cases does not lead to significant complications.
 ...
PMID:Hypopharyngeal diverticulum and the cricopharyngeus muscle: a posterior surgical approach. 11 1

Cancer excepted all other diseases of the esophagus are rare. Diverticula, benign tumors, perforations and the pathology of the cardia (hiatus hernia, achalasia and esophageal varices) are not studied here. We took into consideration the following diseases only: spasm of the cricopharyngeal muscle, Plummer-Vinson or Kelly-Paterson syndrome, cervical osteophytosis, dysphagia lusoria, benign and malignant mediastinal lymphatic nodes, Schatzki ring of the lower esophagus and esophageal duplications.
 ...
PMID:[Some rare diseases of the esophagus (author's transl)]. 22 8

From 1972 to 1977, the authors observed 156 patients with primary esophageal motility disorders which caused such a severe degree of dysphagia that treatment by pneumatic dilatation was deemed necessary. Before dilatation, 24% of the patients presented with motility disorders that did not fit well into the two classical disease entities, diffuse esophageal spasm and achalasia (absence of peristalsis with presence of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxations or presence of peristalsis with absence of LES relaxations). After treatment with pneumatic dilatation, these "intermediate" forms constituted 45% of the motor disorders. This was due mainly to the reappearance, on manometric tracings, of peristaltic contractions and of LES relaxations. Radiologic and manometric observations suggest that in many patients, this "return of peristalsis" may be an apparent change in pressure pattern rather than a real change in motility. In 6 of the 156 patients, a deterioration of the esophageal motility disorder was observed, which was characterized by the loss of peristalsis and of LES relaxations over a period of a few months or years. The frequent occurrence of intermediate types of motility disorders and the transition from diffuse spasm to achalasia suggest that achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm are part of a spectrum of related motor disorders.
 ...
PMID:Achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, and related motility disorders. 42 3

Two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had intermittent episodes of dysphagia associated with severe nonpleuritic chest pain. Esophageal manometry disclosed abnormalities characteristic of diffuse esophageal spasm. The findings suggest that diffuse spasm should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained chest pain and dysphagia in patients with lupus.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal motor dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Two cases with unusual features. 48 Jun 25

Invasion of the esophagus by Candida albicans probably occurs more frequently than the reported cases suggest. The disease usually occurs following immunosuppression but may occur after antibiotic therapy. It is heralded by the sudden onset of severe pain and dysphagia, and recovery or death from dissemination may occur. Roentgenographically, impaired motility is much more prominent than disordered motility or spasm. Narrowing, a cobblestone epithelium, and later, erosions and ulcerations are seen. Antifungal agents are adequate therapy.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal moniliasis. A review of common and less frequent characteristics. 110 22

Since January, 1972, the authors have operated upon 4 patients with idiopathic diffuse exophageal spasm. Clinical details and barium studies are included. Extramucosal myotomy extending from the gastric fundus to the aortic arch was done in each case. Pre- and postoperative manometric studies were carried out in all. After operation in each patient the dysphagia and substernal pain disappeared and in 3 patients radiological patterns changed. The myotomy was associated with marked fall of contractile wave pressures in the body of esophagus. The basal pressures of the esophageal body elevated, in 2 cases fell after the myotomy; in 2 with normal preoperative pressure it remained unchanged. At the lower esophageal sphincter the resting and yield pressures remained similar to the preoperative readings but the myotomy produced a disappearance of the relaxation and contraction pressure. The authors conclude that with myotomy they cannot correct the nature of the functional disorder but, by reducing the amplitude of the waves and lowering the resting pressure if elevated, they can relieve the patient's symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Pre- and postoperative manometric studies in diffuse esophageal spasm. 115 94

An intraluminal balloon was used to study the peristaltic reflex, which is mediated by the intrinsic nerves of the oesophagus. Serial balloon distension was performed in nine asymptomatic volunteers and 133 patients with oesophageal symptoms. Eight of the volunteers had a normal response with proximal stimulation and distal inhibition of motility. Only 42 patients (31.6 per cent) had a normal response. The commonest abnormal response (39.1 per cent) was some form of failure of the distal inhibitory reflex. Other patterns of abnormality were an unresponsive oesophagus (15.8 per cent) with no motility change during balloon inflation, or spasm (13.5 per cent) proximal to the balloon. These alterations of secondary peristaltic activity suggest that there are abnormalities of the intrinsic (enteric) nerves of the oesophagus. Different abnormalities were found in patients with similar symptoms. Awareness of this difference might allow a more rational approach to treatment. This hypothesis was tested in a small pilot study treating functional dysphagia with cisapride. Three of nine patients had marked symptomatic improvement within 4 weeks and all three had an unresponsive oesophagus. The remaining six patients, who had failure of distal inhibition or a normal response, did not improve.
 ...
PMID:Oesophageal reflex responses: abnormalities of the enteric nervous system in patients with oesophageal symptoms. 142 63

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are well known sequelae of some malignancies but they have never been reported in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A paraneoplastic neurological syndrome characterized by visual changes, glossal spasm and dysphagia associated with an invasive high grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is reported. Neurological symptoms resolved after extirpation confirming a paraneoplastic condition. Recurrent disease was associated with recurrent neurological symptoms and resolved after a complete response to combination chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 173 21

Two hundred and twenty-nine patients were studied in an attempt to determine the main causative factors behind their having a residual foreign body in the esophagus. Strictures were present in 13%. Fifty-two percent of the patients with stricture had been hospitalized more than once for treatment of foreign body impaction; this was the case in only 8.5% of the rest of the patients (p less than 0.001). More than half of the patients aged 15 years or younger had a foreign body in the hypopharynx. This location was extremely uncommon in adults (p less than 0.001). The hypothesis of spasm distal to an esophageal foreign body as the cause for obstruction in patients without esophageal stricture was supported by the following findings: spontaneous disimpaction occurred in more than one-third of the patients and became more frequent as time progressed; 63% of 16 patients given spasmolytic drugs experienced spontaneous disimpaction of the foreign body; half of the patients had the foreign body in the proximal esophagus distal to the narrower passage of the upper esophageal sphincter; foreign body impaction in the esophagus turned out to be a once-only event in 86% of the patients; and 21% of the patients had a disorder of the central nervous system and had been hospitalized significantly more often because of food impaction than the other patients. The findings indicate that adults with a history of impaction of foodstuff lacking sharp bones and who do not have stricture suffer food impaction because of spasm of the esophageal smooth muscle, and can be treated accordingly.
Dysphagia 1991
PMID:Foreign bodies in the esophagus. A study of causative factors. 177 1

Esophageal spasm Teschendorf 's syndrome) is rarely distinguished among neuromuscular diseases of the esophagus, which leads to improper treatment. Primary esophageal spasm and secondary esophageal spasm should be distinguished, the latter developing in cardiospasm or achylia of the cardia. Retrosternal pain and dysphagia prevail in the clinical picture of ++esophageal spasm . X-ray and esophagomanometry are the most informative among the objective methods of examination. In a group of 106 patients 49 had primary and 57 had secondary esophageal spasm . A complex of measures should be applied in the management of esophageal spasm+. Primary esophageal spasm is treated only by nonoperative measures (spasmolytics, tranquilizers, vitamins, acupuncture reflex therapy and psychotherapy according to a suggested scheme), a course of pneumocardiodilatation (no more than 5 sessions) is included in the management of secondary esophageal spasm+. Such treatment produced good and satisfactory results in 100% of patients with primary and in 72% of patients with secondary esophagitis. The management of secondary esophagitis is a more difficult problem which calls for further study.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of esophageal spasm]. 191 Sep 11


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>