Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 43-year-old man who presented parkinsonism due to pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis was reported. Late in February, 1990, the patient presented suffered from a flu-like illness and was seen at a community hospital. Physical finding showed the pigmentation on the whole body and hypotension, and laboratory examination revealed severe electrolyte imbalance (serum sodium 100 mEq/l, serum potassium 6.9 mEq/l, serum chloride 68 mEq/l) and hypoglycemia (postprandial serum glucose 78 mg/dl). Given these results, adrenal failure was strongly suspected. Prompt correction of electrocyte imbalance was performed by the infusion of sodium chloride, and four days later the serum sodium level reached 131 mEq/l. On the other hand, the patient was noticed lethargic and showed parkinsonism i.e., rest tremor, cog-wheel rigidity, and hypokinesia. Fourteen days after the onset of neurological abnormalities, the patient was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of parkinsonism. Additionally, neurological examination revealed dysphagia, mutism and positive pyramidal tract sign. On admission brain computed tomography was unremarkable, but on the 14th hospital day it showed low density area in the pons. Brain magnetic resonance imaging also showed a striking increase in T2-weighted signal from the pons, the midbrain, and the bilateral thalamus. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of parkinsonism due to pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis was made, and levodopa therapy was started. After the initiation of levodopa therapy, improvement of tremor, rigidity, and hypokinesia ensued with marked functional benefit, and the patient was discharged on the 49th hospital day. Levodopa was stopped three weeks after discharge but, all neurological abnormalities were not recurrent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[A case of parkinsonism due to pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis]. 130 Feb 56

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in five young to middle-aged cats of mixed breeding. Three of the cats were male and two were female. Historic signs included lethargy (n = 5), anorexia (n = 5), muscle tremors (n = 4), weakness (n = 4), generalized seizures (n = 3), ataxia (n = 3), mental dullness or disorientation (n = 3), panting (n = 2), pruritus (n = 1), ptyalism (n = 1) and dysphagia (n = 1). Weakness (n = 4), dehydration (n = 2), cataracts (n = 2), hypothermia (n = 1), and bradycardia (n = 1) were found on physical examination. Results of electrocardiography revealed a prolonged Q-T interval in two cats. Results of initial laboratory tests revealed profound hypocalcemia and severe hyperphosphatemia with normal renal function. The diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism was made on the basis of the history, clinical signs, and results serum biochemical testing (i.e., severe hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia); in two cats, the diagnosis was also confirmed by histologic examination of parathyroid glands. Initial treatment included intravenous administration of 10% calcium gluconate and oral administration of large loading doses of calcium and vitamin D (dihydrotachysterol). Successful long-term management with dihydrotachysterol and calcium was achieved in all cats. The final dosage of dihydrotachysterol required to maintain normocalcemia in the five cats ranged from 0.004 to 0.04 mg/kg/day (mean = 0.015 mg/kg/day). Long-term calcium supplementation was given to three of the cats in dosages ranging from 29 to 53 mg/kg/day (mean = 42 mg/kg/day) of elemental calcium. One cat died after 28 months of therapy from widely metastatic hemangiosarcoma; the other three cats are still alive and well after 5 to 37 months of treatment.
 ...
PMID:Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in five cats. 202 14

One hundred forty-two children with presumed Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis were enrolled in a randomized double blind prospective study comparing the consequences of immediate penicillin treatment with treatment delayed for 48 to 56 hours. One hundred fourteen of the enrolled patients were culture-positive. An adverse impact of early antibiotic therapy was noted; the incidence of subsequent infections with GABHS was significantly greater in those treated at the initial office visit with penicillin. In the month following documented evaluation of GABHS, a recurrence occurred 2 times more frequently in those treated with penicillin immediately compared with those for whom treatment was delayed 48 to 56 hours. Late recurrences (beyond 1 month but in the same streptococcal season) occurred 8 times more frequently (P less than 0.035). Delay in penicillin treatment did not increase GABHS intrafamilial spread. Symptoms of both groups were assessed for 2 days following the initiation of treatment. Both placebo-treated and penicillin-treated groups used aspirin or acetaminophen ad libitum. Penicillin was shown to reduce fever and relieve sore throat, dysphagia, headache, abdominal pain, lethargy and anorexia significantly beyond that achieved with aspirin or acetaminophen alone. Penicillin had no effect on culture-negative cases.
 ...
PMID:Adverse and beneficial effects of immediate treatment of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis with penicillin. 330 16

A three-year-old boy with a progressive history of headache, vomiting and ataxia in the course of 2 months, was admitted on August 1983, when he was lethargic. Neurological examination revealed dysphagia, scanning speech and tremor in the bilateral hand. CT scan showed a very large enhanced mass in the center of posterior fossa with central necrosis in it and the dilatation of whole ventricular system. Suboccipital craniectomy was immediately performed and the tumor that occupied the vermis and invaded into both cerebellar hemisphere was subtotally removed. Postoperative irradiation was well performed: 4140 rads to the whole brain and 3162 rads to the spinal cord. However, 5 months later, facial palsy in the left side and progressive ataxia became prominent. CT scan showed multiple enhanced masses in the left trigonum and right anterior horn of the lateral ventricles and in the left cerebellopontine angle. In spite of chemotherapy, the patient had a down-hill course, especially after the ventricular hemorrhage, and died on June 9th, 1984. Histologically, the tumor had a lobulated appearance with an aggregation of tumor cells encircled by vascular septae. The cells within lobules generally had vesicular nuclei, which were arranged in parallel row. Occasionally smaller hyperchromatic cells with scant cytoplasm were present along the vascular septae. Reticulin was present within the septa, but was not observed within the lobules. Scattered astrocytic cells and processes were identified within the lobules by the immunoperoxidase technique for GFAP. The fibrillary cytoplasmic processes within the lobules were stained by immunoperoxidase technique for neurofilament (68K).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[A case of cerebellar neuroblastoma]. 361 40

Sixty 3- to 14-year-old outpatients with positive streptococcal group A bacterial cultures and clinical signs and symptoms of pharyngitis were treated with a single intramuscular (IM) injection of penicillin G benzathine/penicillin G procaine in a multicenter study. At the first follow-up visit, usually within 48 hours of the injection, 60 children had negative cultures, and the mean body temperature had decreased from 100.2 +/- 1.6 degrees F to 98.5 +/- 0.5 degree F (P less than 0.05). At this time, the investigators rated 77% of the children clinically cured and the remaining 23% improved; major signs and symptoms (sore throat, difficulty swallowing, lethargy, and cervical node enlargement and tenderness) had disappeared in nearly all of the children. Initial injection site pain, noted in only 15% of the children 48 hours later, probably was secondary to the injection and not drug related. Most other adverse reactions (in seven children) also were injection related, were mild or moderate, and required no countermeasures. At the second follow-up visit approximately 10 days after injection, all children were considered clinically and bacteriologically cured. Thus, the combination of IM benzathine and procaine penicillin not only is safe and effective but eliminates compliance concerns.
 ...
PMID:Rapid symptomatic relief of streptococcal pharyngitis in children. 379 63

A study of literature concerning Lyme borreliosis related to animals was done. In the research work the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of horses, cattle and dogs affected with Lyme borreliosis have been discussed. The clinical signs of Lyme borreliosis in horses are: chronic weight loss, sporadic lameness, laminitis, low grade fever, swollen joints, muscle tenderness and anterior uvetitis. In addition to these clinical sings, neurological sings such as depression, behavioral changes, dysphagia and encephalitis can be seen in chronic cases. Cattle affected with acute Lyme borreliosis often show fever, stiffness, swollen joints and decreased milk production. Chronic weight loss, laminitis and abortion are also a possible outcome of borreliosis in cattle. An early infection of Lyme borreliosis in dogs may give evidence of inapetenca, lethargy, lyphadenopathy, and an acute onset of stiffness or pain while a recurrent intermittent nonerosive arthritis is a more advanced manifestation of canine Lyme borreliosis. Glomerulonephritis and tubular damage secondary to Borrelia burgdorferi infection have been reported to occur in normally infected dogs. In an endemic area atrioventricular heart block has also been reported. The underlying pathogenesis of Lyme disease is still unknown. The diagnosis of clinical Lyme borreliosis is difficult and it depends on a successful recognition of clinical signs, a history of possible exposures to the infection and on serologic testings. The therapy of Lyme borreliosis in animals is based upon the principal therapy of this disease in human medicine.
 ...
PMID:[The importance of Lyme borreliosis in veterinary medicine]. 826 22

An 18-month-old Quarter Horse gelding was examined because of weight loss and dysphagia of 1 month's duration. Clinical signs included lethargy, dehydration, ptyalism, and probable aspiration pneumonia. Severe dyspnea and cyanosis were evident after mild exercise. Endoscopy revealed laryngospasm and pharyngospasm. Because clinical signs and endoscopic findings were suggestive of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HPP), acetazolamide treatment was instituted. Marked improvement was observed within 48 hours. The horse was determined to be homozygous for HPP. It is likely that this horse's dysphagia, with resultant weight loss and aspiration pneumonia, were clinical manifestations and consequences of HPP. Regardless of age and serum potassium concentration, HPP should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pharyngeal and laryngeal abnormalities and dysphagia in horses with Quarter Horse breeding.
 ...
PMID:Laryngospasm, dysphagia, and emaciation associated with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a horse. 892 91

The randomized clinical trial, LU19, conducted by the Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party, was designed to compare ACE (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide) chemotherapy plus G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) at 2-week intervals versus ACE chemotherapy alone at standard 3-week intervals in patients with small-cell lung cancer. This trial investigated whether more intensive administration of ACE would improve overall survival and affect the quality of life of patients. The report on overall survival and other outcome measures will be published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. In this paper we focus on methods of analysing aspects of data reflecting quality of life. Twelve symptoms of lung cancer and its treatment - cough, haemoptysis, pain, nausea, vomiting, hoarse voice, sore mouth, rash, lethargy, lack of appetite, alopecia, and dysphagia - were scheduled to be assessed on seven occasions for the ACE arm and on eight occasions for the ACE+G-CSF arm by clinicians during the first 18 weeks of the treatment period. However, in practice the number of assessment forms completed per patient ranged from 1 to 9, and assessment time-points were very different from those planned. These 'messy' longitudinal data are explored by both a summary measure approach, in which experience of a symptom is summarized by a single value, and an extensive model-based statistical approach, which explicitly takes into account correlation within repeated measures. These analyses provide a clear picture of symptom comparisons between the two treatments. The application of various methods offers not only an approach to assessing the robustness of the results but also a basis for investigating reasons for inconsistency of results across methods. We conclude that except lethargy, which is worse in the ACE+G-CSF arm, all symptoms are similar across the two arms during the treatment period.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of messy longitudinal data from a randomized clinical trial. MRC Lung Cancer Working Party. 1098 40

Primary hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed in an eight-year-old neutered male cat. The predominant presenting complaint was dysphagia. Other historical signs included lethargy, weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, muscle weakness and occasional vomiting. The signs had waxed and waned over the two months before presentation and had improved when the cat was treated with enrofloxacin and prednisolone by the referring veterinarian. On referral, dehydration, depression and poor bodily condition were found on physical examination. Results of initial laboratory tests revealed mild anaemia, hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and elevations in serum creatinine and creatine kinase. The diagnosis of primary adrenocortical insufficiency was established on the basis of results of an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test and endogenous plasma ACTH determination. Initial therapy for hypoadrenocorticism included intravenous administration of 0.9 per cent saline and dexamethasone, and oral fludrocortisone acetate. Within one week the cat was clinically normal and two years later was still alive and well on fludrocortisone acetate treatment only.
 ...
PMID:Hypoadrenocorticism in a cat. 1132 66

A seven-year-old flat-coated retriever presented with a history of lethargy, dyspnoea and inappetence of several days' duration. Clinical examination revealed pale mucous membranes and tachypnoea, and haematology demonstrated marked autoagglutination. Thoracic radiographs revealed an increased opacity in the perihilar region. The owners declined further evaluation and the dog was treated symptomatically with immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone and azathioprine. The dog's demeanour improved, although it was eventually euthanased seven weeks later because of dysphagia and worsening dyspnoea. Postmortem examination revealed a widespread, poorly differentiated sarcoma involving the lungs, pericardium, thoracic lymph nodes and spleen. Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia is a well recognised condition in dogs and is occasionally associated with neoplastic conditions. This is the first case report to describe immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a diffuse, poorly differentiated sarcoma.
 ...
PMID:Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a sarcoma in a flat-coated retriever. 1475 5


1 2 3 4 Next >>