Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dysphagia developed in a 2-year-old Quarter Horse filly following an incident in which it fell over backward while exercising on a mechanical horse walker. Hyperextension of the neck at this time apparently caused unilateral rupture of the longus capitis (rectus capitis ventralis major) and the rectus capitis ventralis minor muscles at their insertion. An existing mycotic lesion involving the dorsomedial wall of the left guttural pouch may have weakened the area of insertion of the involved muscles. Tearing of the tendinous insertion of these muscles caused damage to the IX, X, and XI cranial nerves and left guttural pouch, with subsequent development of mild transitory epistaxis, laryngeal hemiplegia, pharyngeal paralysis, and dysphagia. Gangrenous pneumonia eventually developed because of inhalation of ingesta, and the filly was euthanatized.
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PMID:Dysphagia resulting from unilateral rupture of the rectus capitis ventralis muscles in a horse. 87 Apr 68

A post mortem material of 11 consecutive cases of severe atlanto-axial dislocation (a.a.d.) with cord compression is reported. The total number of deaths from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the period of 5 years was 104, and all were autopsied. Neurological symptoms correlated poorly to fatal a.a.d. Hemiplegia was found in three cases, one of which, however, was caused by thrombosis cerebri. Spastic signs were transiently recorded in two patients and dysphagia in a further two. Five patients had a history of recent vomiting. A.a.d. was the sole or main cause of death in 8 cases and contributory in 2. Sudden death occurred in 7 of the cases. Only 2 cases had obtained a correct diagnosis intra vitam. The CNS findings at autopsy consisted of cord compression (11/11 cases), cord malacia (2/11) and cerebral oedema (3/11). One case had polyarteritis and renal amyloidosis and one pulmonary carcinoma with metastatic spread. Signs of active inflammation in the axial joints were present in 4 cases. This study, based on systematic post mortem examinations, revealed an unexpectedly high and not previously reported incidence of fatal medulla compression in RA patients with a.a.d. (10%).
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PMID:Sudden death in rheumatoid arthritis with atlanto-axial dislocation. 121 Dec 12

A 65-year old man suffering from dysphagia with aspiration was examined. ENT examination showed a Horner syndrome and cranial nerve palsy with paralysis of the soft palate and one vocal cord (palatolaryngeal hemiplegia, Avellis' syndrome). Pharyngeal manometry and videofluoroscopy depicted an asynergic swallowing with cricopharyngeal achalasia. CT scans of mediastinum, head, neck, and skull base showed no signs of abnormality. MR imaging of the brain stem demonstrated an enrichment of contrast medium in the dorsal region of the upper medulla oblongata in the level of the centre of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve. This case demonstrates an uncommon cause of dysphagia which was related to transitory brain stem ischaemia. After a period of three weeks the patients' complaints vanished as well as the clinical features. In a follow-up of MR-imaging three months later no focal enhancement of contrast medium was seen confirming the diagnosis of a brain stem ischaemic lesion.
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PMID:["Palatolaryngeal hemiplegia" in transient brain stem ischemia--a contribution to neurogenic dysphagia]. 146 69

Dysphagia is more frequently observed in patients with neurologic diseases (stroke, bulbar or pseudo-bulbar syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cranial trauma). Furthermore, the presence of this pathology is obviously more frequently noted in the light of the increase in the length of the human life span. It has become evident that alternative feeding procedures such as the nasogastric tube or gastrostomy may bring about complications and deprive patients of the oral phase of deglutition which plays a leading role in stimulating digestive functions. The Authors report a systematic research on the rehabilitation aspects of neurogenous dysphagia. All the patients studied underwent a neurological examination and oropharyngeal functional evaluation using echo-videorecording of the oral phase of deglutition and fluoro-videorecording of the pharyngeal phase. The data obtained allowed for the selection of five patients considered suitable for the rehabilitation program. One of them had a multi-infarct encephalopathy, two a spastic hemiplegia f.b.c., a fourth a cerebellar syndrome and the last a sequela of meningioma removal of the ponto-cerebellar angle with peripheral paralysis of the right VII, IX, X, XI cranial nerves. This last patient also underwent a crico-pharyngeal myotomy. Therapy consisted in making the patient sensitive to swallowing movements and in training them to assume a compensatory posture as well as functional rehabilitation of the organs involved in deglutition. The first datum emerging from the study is the lack of etiological homogeneity found in the cases treated with evident variability in different deglutition organ impairment, even though there was the common denominator of the dysphagia symptom. With regard to the results obtained, there was a complete resolution in one patient, while in the other four there was such an improvement as to allow the patients a safe autonomous oral assumption of food. The positive results obtained are not only linked to the recovery of damaged organs, but also to the development of compensatory strategies such as the choice of appropriate food consistency and the assumption of postures which protect the respiratory tract from aspiration and favor crico-pharyngeal relaxation.
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PMID:[Rehabilitation of oro-pharyngeal dysphagia of neurogenic etiology using radiological examination: preliminary results]. 163 72

Cervical exenteration is a radical operation to remove the larynx, portion of the trachea, and the esophagus, and frequently requires a mediastinal tracheostomy. Highly selected patients with obstructing neoplasms of the esophagus and airway can be palliated and sometimes cured by this aggressive surgical approach. Fatal hemorrhage from pressure or exposure of the innominate artery is avoided by elective division of the artery (preoperative angiograms and intraoperative electroencephalographic control are essential), using the omentum to separate the trachea and great vessels, and removal of a bony plaque of chest wall to allow a well-vascularized bipedicled skin flap to drop into the mediastinum for the tracheocutaneous anastomosis. Eighteen exenterations were performed. Mediastinal tracheostomy was performed in 14 patients and division of the innominate artery was performed in 7. Esophageal replacement was predominantly with the left colon. Complications include esophageal leak (2 patients), stomal separation (2), transient hemiplegia (1), colonic obstruction by substernal tunnel (1), and need for prolonged mechanical ventilation (4). There was a single operative death. Postoperative survival was disease dependent. All patients achieved an excellent airway and relief from dysphagia.
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PMID:Cervical exenteration. 217 69

The experience of 500 transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonographies at Siriraj Hospital between April 1988- June 1989 were reported. The indications for TCD study were hemiplegia 156 (31.20%), vertigo 119 (23.80%), transient ischemic attack (TIA) 26 (5.20%), hemihypalgesia 14 (2.80%), dysarthria-dysphagia syndrome 13(2.60%), visual problem 13(2.60%), syncope 10(2.00%), memory loss 8(1.60%), aphasia 6(1.20%), carotid bruit 6(1.20%), miscellaneous (artereovenous malformation, aneurysm, arteritis, carotico-cavernous fistula, tinnitus, etc) 25(5.00%), and healthy subjects 92(18.4%). Abnormal TCD studies were found in various conditions of different percentages, i.e. 91.03 per cent in hemiplegia, 76.47 per cent in vertigo, 65.38 per cent in TIA, 71.43 per cent in hemihypalgesia, 61.54 per cent in dysarthria - dysphagia syndrome, 38.46 per cent in visual problem and 30.43 per cent in normal subject. TCD is noninvasive, safe and painless. It is a useful screening test for prophylaxis of cerebrovascular disease in the elderly.
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PMID:Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: experience of 500 patients. 228 86

A rare case of esophageal cancer with brain metastasis is reported. A 54-year-old man complaining of dysphagia was admitted to our hospital. Endoscopic and radiographic examinations revealed an advanced esophageal cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. Five months later, muscle weakness of right upper extremities developed. A brain CT scan revealed a low density area with a ring enhancement in the left front parietal region. The patient developed right hemiplegia and delirium, and died seven months later. Autopsy findings showed a hematogenous metastasis of the left precentral gyrus, measuring 3.0 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of esophageal cancer with brain metastasis]. 328 77

This paper describes the outcome of treatment of 30 cases of guttural pouch mycosis by ligation of the internal carotid artery on the cardiac side of the lesion and lavage of the affected pouch with natamycin. Twenty-three horses recovered fully following this treatment while laryngeal hemiplegia persisted in one case and slight dysphagia caused by pharyngeal hemiplegia in another. The remaining five horses died or were destroyed. Five horses with guttural pouch mycosis, which had shown no epistaxis but had pharyngeal hemiplegia, were treated by topical natamycin alone. Only two of these survived, of which one remained slightly dysphagic. Ligation of the internal carotid artery of the cardiac side of the lesion is an effective means of reducing the chance of fatal epistaxis in cases of guttural pouch mycosis. Some cases of pharyngeal hemiplegia can make a complete recovery although it may take 12 to 18 months.
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PMID:Outcome of treatment in 35 cases of guttural pouch mycosis. 350 40

Migraine headaches that occur in the 15- to 30-year-old age group are well documented. In patients in the stroke age bracket, however, who present with a history of neurologic deficit, transient ischemic attacks can be confused with migraine accompaniments. The typical patient is 50 years old, is without a past history of migraines, and complains of scintillating visual disturbances (20 percent), marching paresthesis (22 percent), or a myriad of neurologic deficits. In one series of 70 neurology patients aged over 55 years, 16 percent reported that they experience the new onset of scintillations. Once fully evaluated, the cause of unexplained marching paresthesias, dysphagia, or hemiplegia, once reserved for thrombotic or embolic phenomena, may be attributed to migraine accompaniments. In the face of a normal evaluation, neurologic deficit in the stroke age bracket may be attributed to migraine accompaniments. A case of a 47-year-old woman with sudden onset of left-sided paresthesia, dysarthria, and confusion is presented. The discussion includes a description of migraine pathophysiology and a review of concepts regarding accompaniments.
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PMID:Late-life migraine accompaniments: a case presentation and literature review. 358 61

Five horses with retropharyngeal (RP) infections had clinical signs of dysphagia and/or dyspnea. Diagnosis was confirmed, using pharyngeal endoscopy and lateral radiography of the pharynx. One horse responded to surgical drainage of a RP abscess and was sound at light work. One horse responded to medical management after the site of infection was surgically explored. Two horses recovered after medical management; the RP abscess of 1 of these 2 horses ruptured spontaneously into the pharynx and the other horse became racing sound. The fifth horse remained dysphagic and had left laryngeal hemiplegia after medical treatment.
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PMID:Retropharyngeal infections in five horses. 408 67


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