Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vitamins are essential organic compounds that catalyze metabolic reactions. They also function as electron donors, antioxidants or transcription effectors. They can be extracted from food and supplements, or in some cases, synthesized by our body or gut microbiome. Severe vitamin deficiencies result in systemic complications, including the development of scurvy, rickets, pellagra, and beriberi. Some moderate and severe deficiencies also result in oral conditions. A lower intake of vitamin A has been associated with decreased oral epithelial development, impaired tooth formation, enamel hypoplasia and periodontitis. Vitamin D deficiency during tooth development may result in non-syndromic amelogenesis and dentinogenesis imperfecta, enamel and dentin hypoplasia, and dysplasia. Clinical studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D's endocrine effects and periodontitis. On the other hand, no significant association has been found between cariogenic activity and vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin C deficiency results in changes in the gingivae and bone, as well as xerostomia; while vitamin B deficiencies are associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis, enamel hypomineralization, cheilosis, cheilitis, halitosis, gingivitis, glossitis, atrophy of the lingual papillae, stomatitis, rashes around the nose, dysphagia, and pallor. The effects of vitamins E and K on oral health are not as clear as those of other vitamins. However, vitamin K has a systemic effect (increasing the risk of haemorrhage), which may affect individuals undergoing oral surgery or suffering an oral injury. Health care professionals need to be aware of the effects of vitamins on oral health to provide the best available care for their patients.
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PMID:Chapter 6: Vitamins and Oral Health. 3194 Jun 21

This paper reviews current indications for otolaryngology consultation for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A). Despite often being performed concurrently, these procedures should be considered separate surgeries done for different indications. The American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery published tonsillectomy guidelines for children in 2019. These recommendations are often extrapolated to adults in clinical practice despite less robust literature support for this age group. T&A should be recommended for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Specific frequencies of tonsillitis have been identified that indicate benefit from tonsillectomy in normal children; certain modifying health factors warrant consideration of surgery with fewer infections. The guidelines include consideration of tonsillectomy for poorly validated indications such as halitosis, febrile seizure, dental malocclusion, dysphagia, dysphonia, and psoriasis.
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PMID:Current Indications for Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy. 3321 85


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