Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vascular symptoms after vinca-alcaloids and bleomycin are known. We report a 50-year-old woman who was cigarette smoker and who had had the syndrome of Raynaud's phenomenon for two years before she developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. She was treated with chemotherapy including vincristine and bleomycin. Immediately after the second course of chemotherapy she had severe vertigo, nystagmus, dysarthria and dysphagia. The fingers remained cyanotic and became extremely painful despite stellatum blockade, intra-arterial vasodilators and thoracic sympathectomy. Two digits of the left hand were partially amputated because of gangrenous areas on the fingertips. The cerebral symptoms disappeared.
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PMID:Raynaud's phenomenon progressing to gangrene after vincristine and bleomycin therapy. 620 57

External ophthalmoplegia, retinal pigmentary degeneration and heart block constitute the trias of Kearns-Sayre's syndrome. The aetiology of this disorder of oxidative metabolism is unknown. This syndrome must be more frequent than described. In the ENT field there is an extensive lack of differentiated data. Central neural and peripheral hearing disorders and vestibular disorders are in fact significant, as are also dysphagia, hoarseness and dysarthria in consequence of central and peripheral disorders in muscular function. The authors report on ENT findings in 4 patients with verified Kearns-Sayre's syndrome. Progression of central disorders enhances an unfavourable prognosis. Histochemical, biochemical and electron microscopic data are still lacking for the proper grading and assessment of clinical findings.
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PMID:[Kearns-Sayre syndrome from the otorhinolaryngologic viewpoint]. 660 92

A 63-year-old woman was in an acute confusional state accompanied by rapidly progressive left hemiparesis, dysphagia, and dysarthria two weeks after an episode of diuretic-induced hyponatremia. High-resolution computed tomographic scanning disclosed a circumferential hypodense pontine lesion compatible with the diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis. Although the patient improved clinically within six weeks, the computed tomographic abnormalities remained unchanged.
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PMID:Hemiparesis apparently due to central pontine myelinolysis following hyponatremia. 665 Dec 52

Two patients, one with ataxia, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and bilateral Babinski's signs, the other with dysarthria, dysphagia, muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and hyperreflexia, had elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, establishing the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Removal of a parathyroid adenoma in one patient and three hyperplastic parathyroid glands in the other resulted in remission of the hyperparathyroidism but left both patients with residual neurological damage. Postmortem examination of the second patient showed typical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The findings in these patients show that hyperparathyroidism may be associated with signs of severe central nervous system disease and that patients with unexplained neurological signs or symptoms should be checked for hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Severe neurological disease associated with hyperparathyroidism. 673 92

Sixty-five cases of clinically diagnosed multiple lacunar state have been analysed. The clinical course of multiple lacunar state is usually progressive in nature, simulating degenerative diseases, in contrast with the mode of acute onset seen in the other vascular diseases. Average age at the initial visit was 63.8 year-old, and sex ratio showed marked male preponderance, being 12 for males and 1 for females. Gait disturbance and speech disturbance are the most frequent initial symptoms, followed by slow motion, emotional lability and swallowing difficulty. Neurological manifestations are dysarthria, short-stepped and apraxic gait, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski and Chaddock reflexes, minimal spasticity, dementia, positive palmo-mental reflex, emotional lability, fixed face, rigidity, bradykinesia, foot grasping, dysphagia, positive Myerson's sign and tremor, in the order described. The important point is that the rigidity is paratonic and the tremor is action or postural, not the cogwheel rigidity or resting tremor like Parkinson's disease. The appearance of pathological reflexes (Babinski and Chaddock reflexes) are quite important, especially Chaddock reflex, which can frequently become positive despite negative or equivocal Babinski reflex. Hypertension, especially longstanding in nature, is the major contributing factor in this disorder. CT scan showed the presence of one or more lacunes in 52 out of 65 cases (80.0%). The detection of lacune can be influenced by the quality of CT scan, and the high resolution CT scanner is greatly useful for that purpose. It is stressed that the detailed neurological and computed tomographic evaluations will make it possible to reach the clinical diagnosis and appropriate treatment of multiple lacunar state.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on multiple lacunar state]. 674 15

A 70-year-old man manifested during four years a progressive clinical picture consisting in palsy of gaze, axial rigidity, disorders of standing and gait, dysarthria, dysphagia. Neuroradiological investigations demonstrated proximal thrombosis of the left subclavian artery with subclavian steal. At necropsy, degenerative changes in several areas of the basal ganglia and brain stem, with presence of globose neurofibrillary tangles, were found, consistently with the pathologic pattern of the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). The association of PSP and subclavian steal syndrome has not been previously reported, to our knowledge. We hypothesize that chronic ischemia, due to subclavian steal syndrome, in the vertebral basilar system and its watershed versus carotid system may have favoured the appearance, in these same areas, of the changes of the PSP.
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PMID:Progressive supranuclear palsy in the course of subclavian steal syndrome. 693 74

An 8-year-old girl with a cerebral infarction and pneumonia developed the acute hemiparesis associated with clinical and serologic evidence of Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Mycoplasma complement fixation titers increased from 1:1,024 on the tenth day of illness to 1:greater than 16,384 at three weeks and subsequently decreased to 1:512 at seven weeks. Total resolution of her facial weakness, hemiparesis, dysphagia and dysarthria occurred by eight weeks.
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PMID:Cerebral infarction associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 724 75

An 81-year-old man from a family with a history of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) involving 6 members over 4 generations is described. The patient first noted drooping of his eyelids at the age of 65. Dysphagia and dysarthria occurred soon thereafter. At age 78, impairment of gait developed and progressive wasting occurred in the limbs with an initial distal distribution. Electromyography of several limb muscles displayed a mixed myopathic and neurogenic pattern with giant potentials. Examination at autopsy revealed slight loss of neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord, with scanty ghost cells, neuronophagia, and central chromatolysis. By light microscopy the limb muscles showed moderate small-group atrophy with severe myopathy and target fibers. The viscerocranial muscles, including the ocular, vocal, and tongue muscles, demonstrated only myopathic change with the typical features of progressive muscular dystrophy. Advanced replacement by fibrous connective tissue and fat had occurred in both the viscerocranial and the lower limb muscles. The significance of neurogenic involvement in OPMD is discussed.
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PMID:An autopsy study of a familial oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) with distal spread and neurogenic involvement. 725 32

The syndrome of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) has been reported clinically on many occasions. Pathologic confirmation in the modern era, however, has generally been lacking. In a recently reported case of PLS, the disorder was complicated by a pontine infarct. We describe a 65-year-old woman whose illness began with spastic dysarthria, which gradually worsened to the point that 18 months later she could barely utter a sound. Meanwhile, dysphagia, brisk reflexes, and a pseudobulbar affect had developed. Three years after onset she had a spastic contractured right-sided hemiplegia and walked with short shuffling steps. The spasticity slowly progressed, and she died of aspiration pneumonia 3.5 years after the onset of dysarthria. Neuropathologic examination showed bilateral atrophy of the precentral gyri, which microscopically showed a paucity of Betz cells. There was loss of myelin throughout the corticospinal system, yet the anterior-horn cells of the spinal cord and hypoglossal nuclei were well preserved. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, of unknown cause and significance, were observed in occasional motor neurons, one in the hypoglossal nucleus and two in spinal cord anterior horns. Clinically and pathologically, this case meets the criteria for PLS.
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PMID:Primary lateral sclerosis: a case report. 729 6

A 29-year-old man suffered bilateral facial nerve paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia, visual deterioration, and internal ophthalmoplegia after ethylene glycol ingestion.
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PMID:Neurological complications of ethylene glycol intoxication. Report of a case. 730 5


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