Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From January 1992 to August 1993, 150 endoscopies (114 fiber gastroscopies, 29 fiber colonoscopies and 7 CPRE) were carried out in a total of 142 anti HIV positive patients. The most frequent clinical manifestations leading to the exploration were dysphagia, epigastric pain, diarrhea and upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic alterations were observed in most of the exploration although specific diagnosis was only achieved in approximately one third of the patients with the most frequent being esophagitis by Candida and CMV (21% and 5%, respectively in the fiber gastroscopies performed). Digestive manifestations were varied in the patients in whom esophagitis by Candida was diagnosed while dysphagia and diarrhea were the symptoms commonly observed in the patients with esophagitis or colitis by CMV. The diagnostic profitability of endoscopy was high in patients presenting dysphagia, diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding or in those in whom endoscopy was performed for tumoral staging or to evaluate the possible existence of manifestations secondary to the presence of portal hypertension.
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PMID:[Endoscopic gastrointestinal findings in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. 762 Dec 75

Highly selective vagotomy (HSV) is the elective treatment of duodenal ulceration, however, it is little used in our hospitals. A retrospective study was carried out comparing 20 patients operated on HSV with 31 patients that underwent truncal vagotomy+drainage (TV+D) in the last ten years at Surgery Unit N. 7 (3. "C") of the "Edgardo Rebagliati Martins" Hospital. Nasogastric intubation was discontinued and solid food was tolerated earlier after HSV. Hospital stay was 6.37 +/- 2.69 days in HSV and 8.23 +/- 1.93 days in TV+D (p = 0.006638). Diarrhea was the commonest post-operative problem continued by wound infection, dehiscent wound, pneumonia and dysphagia. No difference was found in the Visick graduation between both groups. There was recurrent ulceration in two patients in the TV+D group. The mean time of follow-up in HSV group was 3.03 years and VT+D was 5.37 years (p = 0.005868). The authors conclude that HSV is a better surgical technique than VT+D, with earlier recuperation and less hospital stay.
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PMID:[Highly selective vagotomy in the elective treatment of duodenal ulcer]. 766 15

Diseases of the skin and the gastrointestinal tract may occur together. It is important to examine the skin of everyone showing a gastrointestinal problem. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms in dermatologic diseases may occur with dysphagia, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding and diarrhea with or without malabsorption. In general the cause is found in a genetic disorder, or it is infectious, drug-induced, inflammatory or related to a malignant disorder. Polyposis are hamartomatous tumors or result as an inflammatory reaction. All these syndromes may present with cutaneous lesions. As malignant degeneration of polyps often develops, the early diagnosis and preventive treatment is crucial. Inflammatory bowel disease is often associated with skin complications such as pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum. Malignant disorders in the gut may metastasize into the skin or may produce rather typical paraneoplastic changes.
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PMID:[Skin symptoms in gastrointestinal diseases]. 775 66

Patients are often referred for evaluation of a wide range of GI complaints including dysphagia, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, constipation or diarrhoea. Many are diagnosed with 'functional' disease when endoscopy or conventional radiological studies fail to identify an anatomic cause for the patient's symptoms. In such cases nuclear medicine offers non-invasive methods for objectively demonstrating disease involving different areas of the gastrointestinal tract. Increasingly scintigraphy is playing a primary role in the evaluation of patients with suspected acute cholecystitis, active gastrointestinal bleeding, gastroparesis, and small and large bowel motility disorders. In addition, it supplements other studies when results are inconclusive in diagnosing oesophageal dysmotility, gastro-oesophageal reflux, acalculous cholecystitis, and postoperative complications of gastrointestinal surgery.
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PMID:Current applicability of scintigraphic methods in gastroenterology. 777 16

Dysphagia or odynophagia occurs in an estimated 21% of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A causal agent can be identified in 60-90% of the cases and generally can be successfully eradicated. Oesophageal candidosis, the predominant disorder, usually responds to nitrate derivatives and amphotericine B after a 10 to 15 day cure. Ulcerations of the oesophagus is the second major cause of dysphagia in these patients and result from cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex infections or unknown causes. Epstein-Barr virus infection has been suggested but is rarely demonstrated in clinical situations. Similar to other localizations in HIV-infected patients, Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas are the predominant tumours in the bowel. Infections are essentially revealed by sometimes very severe diarrhoea. Infective agents include Cryptosporidium parvum, microsporidiosae, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Isospora belli, Clostridium difficile, Salmonellae and non-tuberculous mycobacteria among others. When the search for an infective agent is negative, the diarrhoea is usually considered to be the expression of HIV infection itself. The clinical approach to HIV-related diarrhoea can be based on decision making management scheme according to the results of stool cultures or on complete exploration protocols. Whatever the diagnostic procedure, symptomatic treatment is of major importance because of the severe nutritional impact of HIV-related diarrhoea.
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PMID:[Digestive involvements in human immunodeficiency virus infection]. 789 94

We describe five cases of gastrointestinal leishmaniasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and review 10 additional cases reported in the literature. All of the patients had CD4+ cell counts of < 200/mm3, and AIDS had been previously diagnosed for 12 patients. Fever and splenomegaly were present in 46% of cases. Thirteen patients had digestive symptoms; these symptoms included diarrhea (6), dysphagia and/or odynophagia (6), abdominal pain (2), epigastric pain (2), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (1), and rectal discomfort (1). The regions of the digestive tract most frequently affected by Leishmania organisms were the duodenal mucosa (90%) and the gastric mucosa (75%). Endoscopy showed normal-appearing mucosa in 45% of cases. In 10 cases the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was first made by biopsy of the gastrointestinal mucosa. In most cases treatment with antimonial agents was not effective.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: report of five cases and review. 757 44

In a prospective study, the prevalence of 15 physical symptoms and symptom groups was evaluated in 1635 cancer patients referred to a pain clinic. In addition to pain, patients suffered an average of 3.3 symptoms: insomnia (59%), anorexia (48%), constipation (33%), sweating (28%), nausea (27%), dyspnea (24%), dysphagia (20%), neuropsychiatric symptoms (20%), vomiting (20%), urinary symptoms (14%), dyspepsia (11%), paresis (10%), diarrhea (6%), pruritus (6%), and dermatological symptoms (3%). While symptom prevalence was influenced by tumor site, pain intensity, and opioid treatment, only a minor relationship was seen between symptoms and gender, age, or tumor stage. The data emphasize that it is not sufficient to simply address pain during the treatment of patients with cancer pain; a more global approach to symptom management is necessary.
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PMID:Prevalence and pattern of symptoms in patients with cancer pain: a prospective evaluation of 1635 cancer patients referred to a pain clinic. 796 90

In an attempt to improve local control of locally advanced head and neck cancer, radiation therapy was combined with cisplatin. Forty-eight patients entered into this study. All patients were irradiated with a 60Co unit and according to the protocol they should receive 70 Gy in the tumor area and 45 Gy in the rest of neck. Cisplatin was administered at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on days 2, 22 and 42. Thirty-seven (80%) patients received the total radiation dose as initially planned. Thirty-four (72%) patients achieved complete and 5 (10%) partial response. Grade 3-4 toxicities included vomiting (14%), stomatitis (4%), diarrhea (2%), myelotoxicity (14%), hoarseness (4%), dysphagia (30%), weight loss (32%), nephrotoxicity (4%) and dermatitis (2%). After a median follow-up of 26 (range, 18-33) months, 16 patients have died. Among the 35 complete responders 6 later on relapsed. Median relapse-free survival has not yet been reached. Combined radiation therapy and cisplatin appears to be a highly active treatment in patients with advanced head and neck cancer as far as primary locoregional response is concerned.
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PMID:Radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatin administration in locally advanced head and neck cancer. A Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group study. 799 53

There are increasing challenges for the practising gastroenterologist in treating AIDS-related gastrointestinal diseases. The differential diagnoses of dysphagia and odynophagia include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, non-specific aphthous ulceration and non-AIDS oesophageal diseases, especially reflux oesophagitis. Chronic subacute abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, early satiety and weight loss is suggestive of an obstructive lesion caused by lymphoma or Kaposi's sarcoma. Severe acute abdominal pain can indicate pancreatitis or intestinal perforation due to cytomegalovirus. Right upper quadrant pain (with or without fever, vomiting or abnormal liver function tests with a cholestatic profile) is suggestive of hepatobiliary pathology including cholecystitis, cholangitis, acalculous cholecystitis and AIDS cholangiopathy. Diarrhoea is the most common gastrointestinal symptom of AIDS, affecting 50-90% of patients. Causes of AIDS diarrhoea include protozoa (Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Septata intestinalis, Cyclospora spp, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia), bacteria (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter jejuni), and viruses (CMV, HSV and possibly HIV). Chronic diarrhoea, malnutrition and weight loss can shorten the life-span of patients with AIDS. Elemental diets, isotonic formulas, medium chain triglycerides and total parenteral nutrition have been tried with little success in AIDS patients with severe diarrhoea and wasting.
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PMID:AIDS and the gut. 805 32

Long-term follow-up studies have confirmed the efficacy and durability of properly performed operations for gastroesophageal reflux; however, a significant number of patients develop trouble-some postoperative symptoms. Recurrent acid reflux and heartburn, dysphagia, gas bloat, diarrhea, and sliding and/or paraesophageal hernias may require medical or surgical intervention. Whereas some of these problems are transient, most require complete re-evaluations, and many require reoperations, ideally performed by surgeons with experience of these complex cases.
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PMID:Management of the problem patient after antireflux surgery. 807 Sep 17


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