Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Significant weight loss, a body mass index of less than 18.5, hypoalbuminemia, and a deficiency in specific nutrients are major criteria. Depending on the underlying diagnosis, maldigestion, malabsorption, catabolism, dysphagia, anorexia and intestinal obstruction are possible causes of malnutrition. In the majority of cases, malnutrition is associated with a poorer prognosis, a reduced general health status, and poorer quality of life. This means that in addition to treatment of the underlying disease, specific nutritional support, preferably by the enteral route, with the aim of providing an adequate supply of nutrients and improving the patient's general nutritional status is of importance.
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PMID:[Malnutrition in gastroenterological diseases]. 1767 6

Far-advanced cancer patients often have gastrointestinal symptoms. Many of these symptoms are reversible. In this report the causes and treatment options of the most frequent symptoms are demonstrated. Symptoms are dry mouth, anorexia, dysphagia, nausea and vomiting, bowel obstruction, constipation, gall bladder obstruction and bleeding. Focus is on the most challenging symptoms in daily practice, which are nausea, vomiting and bowel obstruction. Ethical dilemmas are often involved. Randomised trials are needed since evidence for treatment is sparse.
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PMID:[Symptomatic alleviation of gastrointestinal symptoms]. 1802 44

We report a 3-year-old boy who presented with a foreign body impacted in the esophagus and had a poor tolerance of solid food since he was 5 to 6 months old. In the last 2 years, he developed progressive dysphagia, anorexia, vomiting, and poor weight gain. An esophagoscopy and barium esophagogram revealed an esophageal web in the distal third of the esophagus. Three courses of endoscopic balloon dilatation resulted in transient improvement in his dysphagia and vomiting; a follow-up barium esophagogram and esophagoscopy showed limited improvement of the esophageal stenosis. Two courses of endoscopic electrocauterization and balloon dilatation improved the clinical symptoms and esophageal stenosis.
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PMID:Successful treatment of congenital esophageal web by endoscopic electrocauterization and balloon dilatation. 1820 38

An 81-year-old woman presented with dysphagia. Stage IV (cT3, cN3, cH0, cM1) type 4 advanced gastric cancer was diagnosed. The left adrenal gland and the paragastric, mediastinal, and abdominal para-aortic lymph nodes were enlarged. Ascites was present. The patient started to receive S-1 (100 mg/day), given orally for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks of rest. During the first course of treatment, grade 2 anorexia, grade 2 vomiting, and grade 2 diarrhea developed. Treatment with S-1 was therefore discontinued on day 27. The tumor had shrunk and was severely deformed. There was marked narrowing of the pyloric antrum. Abdominal computed tomography revealed that ascites and enlargement of the left adrenal gland and paragastric lymph nodes had resolved. To ensure adequate oral intake and improve the patient's quality of life, a total gastrectomy with a limited (D1) lymph node dissection was performed. The primary gastric tumor, resected lymph nodes, and a peritoneal-lavage specimen were all negative for tumor. Histologically, the tumor had a complete pathological response to S-1. Two years after surgery, the patient is alive, with no evidence of metastasis or recurrence.
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PMID:A patient with stage IV type 4 advanced gastric cancer who had a complete pathological response to short-term treatment with S-1 alone. 1876 7

A 57-year-old woman was admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital because of dysphagia. Laryngoscopy indicated hypopharyngeal tumor histologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was performed for 2 months, and the hypopharyngeal lesion completely regressed. After 4 months, fever, anorexia, and malaise appeared, and chest X-ray and CT indicated two large tumors in the right lung. Transbroncheal lung biopsy (TBLB) specimens were diagnosed as SCC. Laboratory data showed high levels of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). Subsequently, positron emission tomography (PET) showed multiple metastases to several organs including the liver, spine, skull, and thigh. Two months after readmission, the patient died with no success of chemotherapy. At autopsy, the lung tumor was clearly positive for both G-CSF and PTHrP on immunohistostaining. Retrospectively, examination showed that the primary pharyngeal tumor was focally positive for these two cytokines. Thus, a certain population of hypopharyngeal cancer producing G-CSF and PTHrP, spread to various organs and contributed to the rapid progression and poor prognosis. This case is presented with a discussion of several other cases in the literature.
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PMID:Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma producing both granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone-related protein. 1880 Oct 86

It is important to identify prognostic and predictive factors concerning both life expectancy and quality of life in palliative care patients to facilitate ethical, clinical, and organizational decisions, but also to use resources in the best possible way. The authors reviewed the literature to identify the major factors that can predict survival of patients with solid tumors. They found only a few prospective assessments of prognostic factors. Clinical prognostic/predictors of survival based on physician's and/or nurse's judgment, performance status, dyspnea at rest, anorexia, dysphagia, or delirium are all considered to be of primary importance. Despite several contrasting findings, it is generally agreed that the type and site of the primary tumor and metastasis, psychosocial factors, and quality of life should be considered secondary to the organic effects in the final stages of life. Leukocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and elevated C-reactive protein are all reported to have prognostic significance, and low serum albumin and high lactate dehydrogenase levels must also be taken into consideration. Cancer 2009;115(13 suppl):3128-34. (c) 2009 American Cancer Society.
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PMID:Predictive models in palliative care. 1954 41

Many cases of coeliac disease, a gastrointestinal autoimmune disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, can remain in a subclinical stage or undiagnosed. In a significant proportion of cases (10-15%) gluten intolerance can be associated with central or peripheral nervous system and psychiatric disorders.A 38-year-old man was admitted as to our department an inpatient for worsening anxiety symptoms and behavioural alterations. After the addition of second generation antipsychotic to the therapeutic regimen, the patient presented neuromotor impairment with high fever, sopor, leukocytosis, raised rhabdomyolysis-related indicators. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome was strongly suspected. After worsening of his neuropsychiatric conditions, with the onset of a frontal cognitive deficit, bradykinesia and difficulty walking, dysphagia, anorexia and hypoferraemic anaemia, SPET revealed a reduction of cerebral perfusion and ENeG results were compatible with a mainly motor polyneuropathy. Extensive laboratory investigations gave positive results for anti-gliadin antibodies, and an appropriate diet led to a progressive remission of the encephalopathy.
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PMID:Gluten encephalopathy with psychiatric onset: case report. 1955 61

We present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A 38-year-old woman presented with fever, cough, dysphagia, significant weight loss and a loss of appetite. She also suffered from anaemia and cervical lymphadenopathy. A lymph node biopsy and a bone marrow aspirate showed intracellular yeast forms of Histoplasma capsulatum. She improved with parenteral amphotericin B and oral itraconazole. Even though histoplasmosis is not endemic in South East Asia and India, it should be kept in mind when evaluating AIDS patients in view of the current scenario of the pandemic.
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PMID:Disseminated histoplasmosis in an AIDS patient: a rare case from southern India. 1976 85

From the onset, dementia affects the patient's nutritional status, producing anorexia, weight loss, feeding apraxia and dysphagia. Distinct strategies are required in each of the stages of this disease, starting with awareness and knowledge of the problem and its prompt detection. In dementia, dysphagia usually appears in advanced phases, when the patient is often institutionalized. When dysphagia is suspected, the patient's tolerance must be evaluated by the volume/viscosity test, environmental and postural strategies should be introduced, and the texture of the diet should be modified. This is a complex task requiring the involvement of a properly trained interdisciplinary team, able to provide information and alternatives and integrate the family environment in the patient's care. The adapted diet should be based on the traditional diet that can also be combined with artificial supplements to provide a varied diet that increases patients', caregivers' and relatives' satisfaction. Tube feeding has shown no nutritional benefits in patients with advanced dementia. Therefore, we propose assisted oral feeding as the most natural and appropriate form of feeding in these patients, always respecting their previously expressed wishes.
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PMID:[Approach to dysphagia in advanced dementia]. 1980 Jan 50

Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma is a rare form of limited cutaneous scleroderma. These patients manifest without cutaneous involvement, but do not differ in its clinical or laboratory features and prognosis from classical systemic sclerosis. In the absence of cutaneous signs/symptoms, its diagnosis is delayed leading to morbidity. The exact prevalence of dystrophic calcification in systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma, though a feature of systemic sclerosis, is not known. Development of dystrophic calcification further aggravates patient's woes. This paper describes systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma in a 17-year-old girl diagnosed initially as seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. She developed progressively increasing disk-like masses of calcinosis over the gluteal regions, knee, elbow, and ankle joints fixed to the overlying skin associated with malaise, anorexia, and weight loss. There was no Raynaud's phenomenon, dysphagia, dyspnoea, sclerodermatous skin, sclerodactyly, telangectasias, or muscle tenderness/weakness. Digital pitted scars, elevated anticentromere antibody values, esophageal hypomotility, and fluffy calcification in subdermal soft tissues in gluteal regions and around wrist, hip, knees, heels, and ankle joints (without affecting the underlying structures) were detected. Therapy with diltiazem and magnesium/aluminum antacids was useful in resolving calcinosis.
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PMID:Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma and calcinosis cutis: report of a rare case. 1983 61


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