Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study of 595 patients treated by the Thoracic Surgical Unit (TSU) at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan between July 1975 and December 1977 was carried out to determine the pattern of thoracic surgical diseases in Nigeria and to prove or disprove the rarity of certain cardiopulmonary diseases in tropical Africa. This review shows that pyogenic infections of the lung and pleura constitute the largest percentage (38.5) of the thoracic surgical diseases in Nigeria. Although pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for only 23.4 percent of our total inpatient load, it constitutes about 60 percent of our outpatient clinic practice. Cardiovascular diseases form 12.9 percent, notably congenital and acquired valvular heart diseases. An interesting finding was the occasional association of pyomyositis with pyogenic pericarditis and empyema thoracis. This triad is being investigated. Chest trauma was the most common thoracic surgical emergency accounting for 9.2 percent of the total thoracic surgical pathology. The most common causes of dysphagia are strictures from corrosive esophagitis, achalasia, and carcinoma of the esophagus. Present experience confirms the rarity of hiatus hernia, reflux esophagitis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and, perhaps, carcinoma of the lung among Nigerians.
 ...
PMID:Pattern of thoracic surgical diseases in Nigeria: experience at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. 70 99

Most of the symptoms from a malignant tumor are caused by local invasion by the tumor, or obstruction, either at the site of the primary disease or by metastases. However, tumors can produce symptoms at a remote site. Patients with gastrointestinal malignancy may present with symptoms which include dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and ascites. Palliation gastrectomy delays or prevents these symptoms. About 30% of gastric carcinomas are inoperable at the time of presentation. Chemotherapy is rarely effective in the palliation of gastric carcinoma. Laser irradiation can be delivered to assay site accessible to fibreoptic endoscopy, which is an advantage over endocavity irradiation or diathermy fulguration. Ascites is a common and disabling implication in patients with advanced malignant disease. Spironolactone will increase urinary sodium excretion significantly and control their ascites. If spironolactone fails to control, useful control can be achieved by draining the ascites. Patients with carcinoma of the lung may present with symptoms that include cough, bloody sputum and dyspnoea. Pain in the chest wall is usually secondary to invasion of the parietal pleura, ribs or intercostal nerves. Lesions in the medial portion of the right upper lobe, or mediastinal metastases, may invade or compress the superior vena cava, causing venous hypertension with oedema of the head and arms. The patients may complain of dyspnoea, dysphagia, stridor and headaches. Radiotherapy can be expected to improve the quality of life for these patients. Successful palliation of symptoms is almost related to tumor regression. The problems of obstruction and bleeding from malignant tumor is common. Recently, laser techniques have been applied to aid in palliation of these problems. Malignant effusion may occur early and be the first signs of metastases. The aim of therapy is to evacuate the fluid and induce pleural adhesion. One of the sad situations that we have to face is the patient with recurrent cancer which complains of various symptoms. The relief of symptoms is the most important palliative therapy to them.
 ...
PMID:[Palliative therapy in cancer. 3. Palliation of the symptoms from a malignant tumor (1)]. 169 82

A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus is presented. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of our case and 72 other cases were reviewed. The most common presenting symptoms were weight loss and dysphagia. Eighty percent were larger than 4 cm at presentation and 97% were in the mid to distal esophagus. The esophageal tumors were identical histologically to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Esophageal luminal widening on esophagram has been found to be more common in nonsquamous cell carcinomas. While rare, small cell carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary esophageal tumors, particularly in the presence of these findings.
 ...
PMID:Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: case presentation and review of the literature. 184 35

Synchronous double carcinoma of the lung and the esophagus is extremely rare disease. In Japan, 13 cases have reported by Abo and only 10 clinical cases have been documented so far. We describe two cases of synchronous double carcinoma of the lung and the esophagus. Case 1. A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of the abnormal shadow of the chest X-ray film. Left upper lobectomy was carried out for the lung carcinoma. Because of dysphagia after surgery, upper GI series and endoscopic biopsy were performed, and midesophageal carcinoma was revealed. Radical operation of the esophageal carcinoma was performed 2 months after the first operation. Pathological diagnosis of the lung tumor and the esophageal tumor were well differentiated adenocarcinoma and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma respectively and both of them were early cancer. After 22 months of the second operation, he is doing well. Case 2. a 66-year-old man was operated on because of the esophageal carcinoma in other hospital. Abnormal shadow appeared in his X-ray film 10 months after operation. Although he received chemotherapy as metastatic lung cancer, bronchoscopic examination revealed it adenocarcinoma. We performed segmental lobectomy to him 17 months after the first operation. Pathological diagnosis was large cell carcinoma of the lung. He is also doing well 18 months after the second operation.
 ...
PMID:[Two surgical cases of synchronous double carcinoma of the lung and esophagus and review of 10 documented cases in Japan]. 185 97

The incidence and nature of acute secondary irradiation esophagitis was studied in a series of 38 patients undergoing 60Co teletherapy for carcinoma of the lung. Thirty-four patients were male and four female, with ages ranging from 38 to 78 years. The mediastinum being irradiated in the process, all the patients underwent endoscopy for signs of esophagitis and/or gastritis after a dose of 30-40 Gy was delivered to the esophagus. Eighteen patients complained of dysphagia, but only in 12 of them did endoscopy show esophagitis. Of the remaining patients without complaints five had endoscopic signs of esophagitis. Gastritis was found in 18 cases and confirmed histologically in 14. In 17 cases, esophagitis and/or gastritis were confirmed histologically. It is believed that there is a fairly close correlation among clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings to support the claim that esophagitis in these patients is radiation induced. However, the cause of gastritis is not well understood. Data in the literature suggest that nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents can act as prophylactic means of preventing radiation esophagitis.
 ...
PMID:Acute secondary effects in the esophagus in patients undergoing radiotherapy for carcinoma of the lung. 253 15

Dysphagia is a relatively uncommon presenting symptom of lung carcinoma that usually occurs in association with mediastinal adenopathy. However, a bronchogenic carcinoma will occasionally involve the esophagus by direct invasion. These central lesions can be difficult to visualize on chest radiographs and may not be detected by esophagoscopy or barium swallow. In such cases, a computed tomography scan of the thorax may suggest the correct diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Occult lung carcinoma presenting with dysphagia. The value of computed tomography. 276 74

Autopsy data of 423 cases of primary tumor of the lung over a 36-year period were evaluated for the presence of gastrointestinal tract metastases. Fifty-eight cases (14%) were found and were analyzed for histologic nature of tumor, anatomic location, symptomatology and complications. The most common histologic type of lung tumor causing gastrointestinal tract metastasis was squamous cell (19 cases, 33%), followed by large cell (17 cases, 29%), and oat cell (11 cases, 19%). The esophagus was the most common site of involvement (33 cases). Fourteen of the 33 cases were involved by direct extension of the tumor. The middle third of the esophagus had metastases more commonly (16/33, 49%) than the other two sites. Most patients with gastrointestinal metastases had no symptoms. In those patients with symptoms, dysphagia was most common when the tumor involved the proximal gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach), whereas, pain was most commonly seen with involvement of the distal gastrointestinal tract (small bowel, large bowel). Six of 20 patients (30%) with small bowel involvement experienced perforation and peritonitis as complications of metastatic involvement and two patients with large bowel metastasis had obstruction; a third had dehiscence of a previous anastomotic site. Gastrointestinal tract metastases from primary carcinoma of the lung are more common than previously thought and may be associated with serious clinical complications.
 ...
PMID:Gastrointestinal metastases from malignant tumors of the lung. 627

A 65-year-old man presented with progressive dysphagia, which proved to be the first clinical manifestation of a peripheral lung carcinoma (secondary to a submucosal metastasis in the esophagus). The lung tumor, hidden by the diaphragm on chest x-ray, was not suspected until a thoracotomy was done. Although dysphagia is known to be the first manifestation of bronchogenic carcinomas, such presentation in a case of a peripheral lung carcinoma has not been well described. This case is reported with a review of the literature for cases with dysphagia secondary to a metastatic tumor in the esophagus.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal metastasis from a peripheral lung carcinoma masquerading as a primary esophageal tumor. 688 37

A total of 458 eligible patients, from 21 centres, with microscopically confirmed SCLC were allocated at random to three chemotherapy regimens, each given at 3-week intervals. In two regimens, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and vincristine were given for a total of either three courses (ECMV3) or six courses (ECMV6). In the third regimen, etoposide and ifosfamide were given for six courses (E16). Patients with limited disease also received radiotherapy to the primary site after the third course of chemotherapy in all three groups. As reported by clinicians, 59% of the ECMV3, 67% of the ECMV6 and 63% of the EI6 patients experienced moderate or severe adverse reactions to their chemotherapy. The major symptoms of disease, cough, haemoptysis, chest pain, anorexia, and dysphagia, were palliated in 63% or more of patients and the median duration of palliation was 63% or more of survival, the results being similar in the three groups. Among patients with poor overall condition, physical activity and breathlessness on admission, the proportions who improved were higher in the EI6 group but the differences were small. In all three groups, levels of anxiety fell substantially during treatment. Levels of depression were lower and showed little change. As assessed by patients using a daily diary card, the patterns of nausea, vomiting, activity and mood, associated with courses of chemotherapy were very similar in the three groups. In the EI6 group there was less dysphagia and better overall condition between courses, but these advantages need to be weighed against the inconvenience of the 24-h infusions required, compared with the 30-min infusions of the other two regimens. As reported in the companion paper (MRC Lung Cancer Working Party, 1993a) there was no statistically significant survival advantage to any of the three regimens, although the results do not exclude the possibility of a minor survival advantage with the two six-course regimens. In conclusion, there was no major clinical gain from continuing chemotherapy beyond three courses or from using the ifosfamide regimen.
 ...
PMID:A randomised trial of three or six courses of etoposide cyclophosphamide methotrexate and vincristine or six courses of etoposide and ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). II: Quality of life. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. 750 4

A total of 458 eligible patients, from 21 centres, with histologically or cytologically confirmed SCLC were allocated at random to three chemotherapy regimens, each given at 3-week intervals. In two regimens, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and vincristine were given for a total of either three courses (ECMV3) or six courses (ECMV6). In the third regimen, etoposide and ifosfamide were given for six courses (EI6). Patients with limited disease (56% of the total) also received radiotherapy to the primary site after the third course of chemotherapy in all three groups. A partial response occurred in 45% of 144 ECMV3 patients, 48% of 141 ECMV6, and 53% of 141 EI6 patients assessed, and a complete response in a further 15%, 9%, and 13% respectively, giving total response rates of 60%, 57%, and 67%, respectively. There was no overall survival advantage to any of the three regimens. At 1 year, 24%, 29%, and 30% of patients were alive, and at 2 years 7%, 8%, and 9%, respectively. The median survival time was 7.4 months in the ECMV3 group, 8.6 months in the ECMV6 group and 8.8 months in the EI6 group. The individual factors: poor performance status, extensive disease, the presence of dysphagia and a raised white blood cell count on admission adversely affected prognosis. The results do not exclude the possibility of a minor survival advantage with the two 6-course regimens. The findings on quality of life are presented in the companion paper (MRC Lung Cancer Working Party, 1993b).
 ...
PMID:A randomised trial of three or six courses of etoposide cyclophosphamide methotrexate and vincristine or six courses of etoposide and ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). I: Survival and prognostic factors. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. 826 Mar 67


1 2 3 Next >>