Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral complications from cancer chemotherapy are well documented for the hematologic malignancies but are less well defined for cancers of the head and neck. This prospective study examined 82 patients with stage III or IV disease to determine the incidence and severity of oral sequelae following a total of 141 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Taste alteration (37%) was the most frequent problem, followed by mucositis (30%) and ulceration (22%). Xerostomia, increased salivary flow, loss of appetite, weight loss, dysphagia, bleeding, and infection were also encountered. We conclude that oral problems are common following chemotherapy for head and neck tumors and that more aggressive investigational protocols will result in a much higher incidence and severity of problems. Prevention of these sequelae by conventional as well as investigational means is important to keep them from becoming dose-limiting problems.
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PMID:Oral complications following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. 234 98

Involvement of the larynx by hemopoietic tumors is generally considered a rare event and little is known about the associated clinicopathologic features. Laryngeal tissue removed at autopsy from 14 patients with known disseminated hematologic malignancies and at operation from one patient with multicentric malignant lymphoma of low-grade malignancy (MALToma) of the head and neck region was investigated. A systematic survey of the main clinicopathologic features of the published cases of hemopoietic tumors with laryngeal involvement was also performed. Primary involvement of the larynx by hemopoietic neoplasms must be clearly distinguished from secondary involvement by disseminated or leukemic tumors. Most of the primary tumors are localized lesions that may involve the regional lymph nodes (stages IE or IIE). Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice, and the prognosis is generally favorable. However, secondary involvement by disseminated or leukemic disease carries a very poor prognosis in most cases. Extramedullary plasmacytoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), particularly B-cell lymphoma of high-grade malignancy, appear to be the most common hemopoietic tumors with primary laryngeal involvement, while primary tumors of myelogenous origin (granulocytic sarcoma and mast cell sarcoma) are extremely rare. Extramedullary plasmacytoma and NHL occur mainly in older persons and in men, are generally associated with a relatively short history of hoarseness and dysphagia, and exhibit preferential involvement of the supraglottic parts of the larynx, in particular the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds. They are generally polypoid, non-ulcerated lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Involvement of the larynx by hemopoietic neoplasms. An investigation of autopsy cases and review of the literature. 756 82

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a frequent hematological malignancy, with meningeal or peripheral nerve infiltrations being the most commonly encountered neurological complications. In this report, we describe a CLL patient with Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) who responded to immune modulation with plasmapheresis. A 47-year-old man diagnosed as B-cell CLL admitted with neutropenic fever. He complained of diplopia and numbness of both arms. Neurological examination revealed a bilateral external ophthalmoplegia, dysphagia, dysarthria, mild shoulder girdle muscle weakness and gait ataxia, accompanied by absent tendon reflexes. Nerve conduction studies were indicative of a predominantly axonal sensori-motor peripheral neuropathy. This association of CLL with MFS had not been previously reported in the literature.
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PMID:Miller-Fisher syndrome associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 1868 50

Mucositis occurs in over 90% of patients undergoing stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies. It is associated with significant morbidity in the form of pain, dysphagia and decreased oral intake, as well as mortality. Palifermin is a recombinant keratinocyte growth factor that has been shown to be effective in decreasing the incidence, severity and duration of mucositis in Phase III trials. Improvement in patient functioning during hematopoietic stem cell transplants has also been reported. This review deals with the preclinical data and the clinical trials that have been carried out with this agent in patients with hematologic malignancies. In addition limited Phase I and II data on solid tumors is available and will be included.
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PMID:Keratinocyte growth factor. 1945 12

In Thailand, haematological malignancy is one of the most common types of cancer. This cross-sectional study, conducted in Southern Thailand, aimed to describe the symptom experiences of and symptom management strategies among patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Sixty hospitalized patients with AML were recruited. The Symptom Experience Scale and two open-ended questions regarding symptom-management strategies were used to collect data via face-to-face interviews 2 weeks after the induction phase of the AML protocol. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. High fever, weakness, nausea, and anorexia were the four most prevalent symptoms reported. Other prevalent symptoms included weight loss, bleeding, nausea and vomiting, dysphagia, and a cluster of psycho-emotional symptoms: worrying, fear, feeling discouraged, and feeling bored. Patients used various approaches and strategies to alleviate their symptoms, which could be categorized into five groups: preventive, direct, distraction, complementary, and restorative approaches. This study has provided important information for the development of symptom-management nursing programmes for patients with AML, particularly in Thailand.
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PMID:Symptom experience and management among people with acute myeloid leukaemia in Thailand. 2206 77

BACKGROUND The presence of leukocytosis associated with non-hematological malignancy after ruling out other causes is defined as paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR). PLR is a rare manifestation of various solid tumors. It is associated with poor prognosis unless receiving effective antineoplastic treatments. CASE REPORT A 72-year-old female was referred to a hematologist/oncologist for the evaluation of leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Initial workup was unremarkable; however, she had progressively worsening leukocytosis with neutrophilia, associated with severe anemia and dysphagia. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed wall thickening at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and multiple hypodensities of the liver. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) confirmed the diagnosis of GEJ tumor and biopsy returned as adenocarcinoma with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. Leukocytosis resolved after the first round of chemotherapy and the patient remains progression-free with the addition of trastuzumab to her chemotherapy regimen. CONCLUSIONS We report a rare case of PLR caused by GEJ adenocarcinoma. This is the first case of PLR in a patient with metastatic GEJ adenocarcinoma with HER2 overexpression in the Caucasian population. It is important to workup leukocytosis promptly, to keep malignancy in the differential diagnosis and to seek early hematology/oncology consultation.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic Leukemoid Reaction in Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report. 3200 65

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare but potentially fatal adverse event caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Herein we report a patient diagnosed with therapy-related AML 2 months after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. A 61-year-old man with dysphagia was diagnosed with locally advanced esophageal cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis. Laboratory blood test did not reveal any abnormality except mild macrocytic anemia. To alleviate dysphagia due to malignant esophageal stenosis, the patient underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy of 60 Gy in 30 fractions with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil at a local area in thoracic esophagus. Dysphagia alleviated during chemoradiotherapy; however, pancytopenia did not recover after the completion of chemoradiotherapy, and general fatigue with fever developed 13 weeks after the last day of chemoradiotherapy. To rule out hematological malignancy, bone marrow biopsy was performed. The bone marrow smear and flow cytometry analysis indicated the development of AML. Chromosomal test revealed a complex karyotype, suggesting that AML was associated with myelodysplastic syndrome. The patient died 1 month after the diagnosis of therapy-related AML. Thus, the findings indicate that therapy-related AML may develop during the acute phase of chemoradiotherapy and bone marrow biopsy is necessary when prolonged pancytopenia exists after chemoradiotherapy.
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PMID:Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia 2 Months after Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: A Case Report. 3230 95

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, particularly dermatomyositis, are associated with an increased risk of cancer. Lung, ovarian, breast, colon, prostate, and cervical cancers, and hematologic malignancies, are among the most common associated cancers. Risk stratification for cancer in patients with myositis is based on clinical risk factors/red flags, myositis clinical subtypes, and myositis-specific autoantibodies. Clinical risk factors include older age at disease onset, male gender, dysphagia, acute onset/refractory myositis, cutaneous ulceration, necrosis/vasculitis, and elevated inflammatory markers. Appropriate screening strategies are based on the risk level. Further studies are warranted to determine the role of advanced imaging and comprehensive cancer screening.
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PMID:Risk Factors and Cancer Screening in Myositis. 3263 4